全國中小學科展

2025年

Design and Simulation of a Honeycomb Sandwich Panel as a Heat-resistant and Durable Construction Material

One of the main factors that contribute to fire incidents and the excessive heat people feel during a heat wave is the building materials used, and one such material that possesses durable and heat-resistant properties is sandwich panels. A possible structure that can be used to model sandwich panels is honeycomb structures; however, further research has yet to be conducted on its applications as a heat-resistant urban construction material. This study aims to design a three-dimensional model of a honeycomb sandwich panel and simulate its performance under different thermal and structural stressors. A 3D model of the honeycomb sandwich panel was generated using Autodesk Fusion 360. Then, multiple versions of the panel were generated with varying heat-resistant core materials—namely, aluminum, nickel, nickel-copper alloy 400, and copper—along with polystyrene as the core material for the control model. The following properties of every panel were assessed using finite element analysis (FEA): static deformation, stress distribution, strain distribution, total heat flux, and thermal gradient. Results showed that when subjected to varying structural loads (2 kN, 5 kN, 7 kN), the nickel-core panel demonstrated the best results in terms of static deformation and strain distribution due to its relatively lower deformation and elongation values, respectively. Meanwhile, under the same structural loads, the aluminum-core panel performed better than other core materials in terms of stress distribution due to it having the relatively highest difference between its simulated von Mises stress and its yield strength. The honeycomb sandwich panels have also shown to possess heat-resistivity when subjected to a thermal load of 90°C, with polystyrene being the most promising material overall in terms of heat-resistance due to its relatively lower heat flux and thermal gradient. The results from this study would contribute to future research on honeycomb sandwich panels and may be used in real-life applications.

Flavored Nanofiber Strips Loaded with Amoxicillin as an Alternative Method for Treating Bacterial Infections in Children

Semisynthetic penicillin, Amoxicillin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is widely used to treat bacterial infections in children suffering ear, nose, and throat infections, genitourinary tract infections, skin infections, and lower respiratory tract infections1. This antibiotic works against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia , Streptococcus pyogene and Escherichia coli1,2. It shows antibacterial activity by inhibiting dd-transpeptidase, which maintains the integrity of the bacterial cell wall which results in bacterial cell death due to a fragile cell wall3. Nonadherence to medication was associated with 50% of drug-related hospitalizations in children4. In order to improve adherence and influence clinical outcome, it is important to acknowledge the importance of drug palatability to children4–6. The currently available liquid suspension form of this antibiotic is administered to patients through oral/GI routes. It is also available in capsules or tablets for adults7–9. In the gastrointestinal tract, the drug has to withstand variable pH conditions and enzymatic degradation , mucus and mucosal barriers to survive resulting in limiting drug bioavailability10,11. In addition to conventional drug delivery formulations, nanofibers can be used to deliver drugs orally, topically, and through buccal or transdermal routes12. Drug-loaded nanofibers offer many advantages as a delivery system, including their porous structure and their efficient delivery of various drugs and bioactive molecules including hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs12–14. Considering that amoxicillin palatability can affect children patients’ compliance and due to the advantages of both nanofiber drug delivery system and drug delivery through buccal routes, hence, this project aims to prepare flavored electrospun nanofibers loaded with amoxicillin to mask the unpleasant taste of the drug for treating children with bacterial infection. Nanofibers loaded with amoxicillin can be applied between the child's gum and cheek, allowing the fibers to dissolve in mucus and penetrate directly into the bloodstream.

「硫」不住的「紅」塵── 探討二硫化錫降解羅丹明之研究

本研究將不同比例的硫.與二氯化錫,在固定溫度200℃、加熱時間9小時,所合成出的壓電材料SnS2用來降解羅丹明染料,實驗結果發現以莫耳比1:4為最佳,降解率可達到96%。接著固定莫耳比1:4及溫度200℃下,發現在不同水熱時間時以水熱九小時的SnS2觸媒降解效果最好。最後本實驗以固定比1:4及水熱時間9小時在不同水熱溫度所合成的SnS2觸媒,以水熱溫度200℃時的降解效率最好,可達到96%。接著我們將最佳合成條件的觸媒對不同濃度的羅丹明進行降解,可發現當羅丹明濃度達到50ppm時,只需要2秒降解率即可達到99%,即使濃度達到70ppm時濃度降解效果仍可達到86%。最後對SnS.觸媒進行SEM分析發現顆粒大小為微米等級,而在PL分析發現本觸媒具有活性的能力且符合實驗結果。

電化學還原結合薄膜蒸餾技術實現高效氨氮資源循環回收

本研究旨在開發一個綜合系統,利用電化學還原技術將水中硝酸鹽轉化為氨氮,並結合薄膜蒸餾技術進行氨氮的濃縮與回收,實現資源循環利用與廢水處理的雙重目標。研究首先評估了不同操作電壓對電化學還原效率的影響,優化了將硝酸鹽轉化為氨氮的效果,當驅動電壓為1.2V時,可有較完全的硝酸鹽還原效果,並無硝酸鹽的中間產物亞硝酸鹽,硝酸鹽去除率最佳接近90%,氨氮產率亦可達7000mg-N/h/m2加上其能源消耗亦較低,因此1.2 V為最佳操作參數之選擇。隨後,針對薄膜蒸餾技術的應用效果進行測試,評估其氨氮回收效能。最終,綜合評估了電化學還原與薄膜蒸餾技術的整合應用,結果顯示該系統能有效實現氨氮的資源化回收,對廢水中的氮污染治理具備潛在應用價值。

日本南海海槽長微震特性比較及其與環境參數之關聯

本研究利用Slow Earthquake Database長微震資料探討日本南海海槽長微震事件發生的特性、嘗試找出造成此區長微震發生的原因。我們將日本西南部的四國島、紀伊半島、愛知縣依空間細分為八個小區,分區將長微震的資料繪製成圖表,並利用快速傅立葉轉換Fast Fourier Transform進行頻譜分析,尋找該區長微震的活躍程度及復發週期,復發週期為一季至一年不等。另外,我們也將環境參數與長微震的月平均發震時長做比較,發現兩地皆與風速呈負相關、和累積雨量推遲1~2個月後兩者間成正相關、和地下水位高度呈負相關。潮汐與長微震的相關性上,潮位高度的影響較漲退潮狀態顯著, 但兩者均對長微震的發生有著正相關。

富貴角風稜石形成機制之探討

臺灣北部海岸富貴角地區的風稜石母岩為兩輝安山岩,經過風化、風蝕及海蝕而形成目前獨特之外觀。這些岩石源自火山噴發形成的熔岩流,岩漿冷卻形成熔岩塔,裂解後受外營力作用逐漸成形。不同地理位置的風稜石受侵蝕的影響差異顯著:海岸邊的風稜石同時受到海浪和風的影響,外型較圓鈍;陸地部分則因受到海蝕影響較小,外型較為尖銳。另外,本研究利用噴砂實驗進一步驗證不同風速和風向對風稜石生成過程的影響,並分析其形態差異及地質學意義。

宜蘭地區風場與地形交互作用下的雨量分析

本研究利用中央氣象署2003年至2022年在宜蘭地區的地面測站雨量及風場觀測資料,分別在蘭陽溪以北與以南的平原與山區各選取十個測站進行分析,再輔以宜蘭降雨觀測計畫所提供的探空斜溫圖,探討宜蘭地區三維風場及因特殊地形作用所產生的雨量分布及變化。研究結果顯示:宜蘭地區的降雨量多寡與降雨特性分成五區,分別是中央山脈迎風面(4000~5000mm)>雪山山脈山區(約3500mm)>平原內部(2500~3200mm)>中央山脈背風側(約2700mm)>無地形作用(約1200mm)。其中中央山脈迎風地區年雨量逐年上升,背風面雨量逐年下降。另大尺度的東北季風進入宜蘭平原,與地形交互作用產生繞流西風再與低層東北季風產生輻合舉升作用,常造成了宜蘭地區冬季劇烈降雨事件。

水中的奇妙力量探秘 沃辛頓射流

我們以實驗室及生活上容易取得的重物與乒乓球模擬網路上跳水彈射手中球體的沃辛頓射流實驗。結果發現以圓形的類天然海棉托住乒乓球丟入水中可成功產生射流,因此選擇此為托球的載體進行實驗。依據我們的實驗結果,至少需要15公分水深才能形成完整的射流彈射出乒乓球,原則上在下落軌跡完全垂直於水面時,落下高度越高,球體彈射高度越高,實際實驗水深15公分以上時,落下高度50公分彈射高度約可達47公分,但結果受限於托球的海綿在落下高度40公分後下落軌跡不穩定,若期望更高的射流強度需要尋找更穩定下落的載體。最後我們將實驗影片逐格分析計算,證實球體彈射過程是一個反覆受到重力及空氣阻力等因素影響降速,又受到下方射流水柱力量推擠而加速的過程,初步建立以乒乓球標示射流噴射過程運動模式的邏輯。

探討輪胎的摩擦係數與各物理量間的交互關係

本研究旨在探討單車輪胎摩擦係數與各物理量之間的交互關係。由於摩擦係數的公式在多年以來備受許多質疑,我們決定透過實驗深入探討影響摩擦係數的各種物理量(如:接觸面積、正向力…等)是否有實質關聯。研究方法採用實徵研究進行試驗,調整輪胎胎壓並測量各狀態下的摩擦力、正向力和接觸面積,對不同胎壓下的摩擦力變化量與胎溫上升量進行比較,藉此驗證摩擦係數與胎壓、接觸面積間的非線性關係,找出單車輪胎的摩擦圓(friction circle),並將實驗值與理論值進行一系列的比對。研究結果發現:隨著胎壓增加,輪胎的接觸面積減小,摩擦力會隨之減少,輪胎升溫量也著減少。此外,透過數值模擬和自製轉動儀器實驗分析並比較側向、切向摩擦力與摩擦係數的各項關聯性。總的來說,做好適當胎壓的調整對行駛的穩定和安全性具有直接影響,據此提供更多生活應用的良方。

數位物理實驗室:毫米波雷達系統之設計與應用

本研究旨在設計基於毫米波雷達的數位物理實驗系統,用於精確量化彈簧簡諧運動。傳統物理實驗易受肉眼觀察與手動測量的誤差影響,本系統利用24GHz毫米波雷達結合自製電路板,進行即時、無接觸的運動測量。透過設計電路板、撰寫韌體訊號轉換程式,並進行數位數據分析,成功開發了靈敏的毫米波雷達系統。我們利用彈簧簡諧運動實驗驗證了該系統,觀察不同質量砝碼對彈簧運動頻率的影響。實驗結果顯示,考慮彈簧質量後,測量數據與理論結果的均方根誤差從0.62Hz降低至0.35Hz,顯示出系統的高度精確性及穩定性。本研究成功解決了傳統實驗中的量測誤差問題,以毫米波雷達技術實現了精確觀測。開源設計有助於推廣至學校的物理實驗室,為學生提供先進的實驗工具與數據分析經驗。這展示了毫米波雷達在物理實驗中的應用潛力,並為未來教學實驗提供了高效、低成本的解決方案。