全國中小學科展

2018年

探討CHI3L1對M1巨噬細胞極化及其功能之影響

癌症多年來高居國人十大死因之首,過去研究顯示慢性發炎與癌症生成密切相關。在發炎反應中巨噬細胞的角色相當關鍵,但在腫瘤微環境下反而幫助腫瘤細胞生長。CHI3L1廣泛表現在腫瘤組織與發炎相關的疾病,在發炎中可能調控不同的免疫相關細胞。因此我們想探討CHI3L1在腫瘤微環境中的功能,研究CHI3L1是否影響巨噬細胞之極化及其他後續功能。結果證實有CHI3L1存在時,巨噬細胞無法正常表現M1巨噬細胞之特徵基因,且其濃度越高,特徵基因表現量就越低。而利用巨噬細胞抗原呈現試驗也發現CHI3L1會降低M1巨噬細胞的抗原呈現能力。綜合以上結果,得知CHI3L1會導致M1巨噬細胞功能缺失。未來將探討CHI3L1如何調控巨噬細胞內的分子機轉,並尋找小分子藥物阻斷CHI3L1的作用,期待對腫瘤合併治療有所幫助。

Auto-control water consumption System

By saving water you are saving lives including yours. All of us know that water is an invaluable and priceless gift. We can’t dispense it. The consumption of water differentiate from one country to another, we may use over quantities of water, in other countries people are thirsty living under the limits of poverty .It’s very important for agriculture, industry even human animals and plants can’t live without water. But people are careless, they consume a huge quantities of water in shower, washing car, gardening…. So that we thought to make this brilliant project F.W.S (frugal water system). This system is connected with you mobile phone by an application that shows you your water consuming and makes you control it. It record in every minute your consumption. This control system helps us to preserve water for the future generation. Besides, it tells you the price that you will pay and warns you if you pass the quantity of water that you should consume in a defined period. So you can also save your water bill. So we have to make this project works to let every person know that he is doing squandering water. With this system we can save planet resources of water. Finally, the water is as precious as our lives and with frugal water system, we will be able to monitor and control our water consumption. Also be alerted in the event of a leak or flooding. This project helps us to preserve water, reduce and avoid over-consumption. So we have to stand together against water squandering by making this project works.

A Modular Comprehensive Assessment Platform for Aircraft Maintenance

We were very curious about whether the aircraft will suffer lightning damages during flight, so we tried to search the answer on the internet. According to the searching results, we realized that during flight departure, passenger planes can suffer lightning damage. As a result, there will be lightning strike points, which needs immediate solutions for safety concerns. Besides, we found out that the exterior aircraft components, such as aircraft body, wings, tail, turbine engine and other areas, are vulnerable to corrosion, which also needs immediate solutions. Luckily, we came across a chance to chat with the engineer who works in the airport. Through that meeting, we knew that the maintenance of the aircraft is very important. However, the maintenance of the components depends on professional technicians, weather, the surrounding noise level, and other environmental effects. As a result, we think that it is initial for us to develop a device that can automatically complete the missions of aircraft maintenance. Below are two objectives that we need to complete: 1. Complete a non-destructive testing for aircraft damage, including corrosion and lightning strike points. Assessment areas include: Aircraft body, airplane wings, tail of the aircraft and the turbine engine 2. Engage in scanning results to analyze and predict for flight readiness. The collected results will proceed to the aviation company for inspection and maintenance. Based on these two objectives, we designed an automatic platform for aircraft maintenance. Below are four innovations of this platform: 1. we developed a method to replace the current stage based on the manual operation of the aircraft maintenance, the use of AGV (Automated guided vehicle) and the robotic arm combination. 2. Design a modular platform based on this method, including telescopic four-wheel independent rotating chassis and locking mechanism, scissors lifting mechanism, double sided synchronous belt forward detection telescopic mechanism, etc. The platform can shrink at the minimum height of A320, convenient access to the machine abdomen. 3. The positioning algorithm of the platform relative to the aircraft is proposed.

不同造波條件對於表面回流及波形的分析與探討

因參加TYPT台灣青年物理辯論競賽,初步認識了此現象──當一個橫向放置的圓柱造波鼓在水面上垂直震盪時,引起的表面水流逆流。當造波鼓振動的最大加速度達到了臨界值,表面的粒子行進方向就會與波的傳播方向相反。我們查詢了有關此現象的文獻,驚訝的發現,此現象目前還沒有理論可解釋。於是我們便以自製的實驗設備,開始探討在不同的振動情形下,表面流會如何變化。 以目前所獲得的數據,我們推斷反向的流動與造波鼓排開水的體積及造波鼓前排列的波包有關,而回流只是補償流的性質,且水表循環之貢獻遠較水面的流動下顯著。根據為不同厚度的造波鼓有不同的回流臨界加速度,且縱向的水流循環強度遠較水表循環弱,前者速率大小約與後者相差一數量級。 我們也利用閃頻儀分析了不同條件下水波的波形,並利用Poincaré map將其分為兩類,分別對應到表面的出去流與回來流。

Social child labor?-Preliminary study of non-cocooning silk from larvae of Gray-Black Spiny ant, Polyrhachis dives(Hymenoptera Formicidae)

大部分會吐絲的昆蟲都是幼蟲時期為了結繭化蛹而從絲腺分泌絲,僅少數昆蟲利用幼蟲吐絲作為巢材,例如織工蟻。並非所有的螞蟻幼蟲都會吐絲,而像黑棘蟻工蟻調控幼蟲吐絲形成巢室內壁則非常罕見。本研究即探討黑棘蟻工蟻對非結繭蟻絲之行為調控,並分析蟻絲成份,比較蟻絲與其他有絲昆蟲的異同。結果顯示,無論從物理、化學或生理學的證據來說,黑棘蟻非結繭蟻絲都呈現特殊的適合性,用以維護蟻巢內環境的穩定。本研究為首次發表黑棘蟻幼蟲非結繭蟻絲的游離胺基酸之報告,富含丙胺酸和甘胺酸的蟻絲蛋白,是否繼蠶蜂之後可為人類所用,則有待更進一步的研究。

「乘」「乘」有序—乘二數列及乘五數列的探討

有一數列從1開始,下一項為前一項個別數字乘以m,其中m為一正整數,2≦m≦10,將此定義為乘m數列,本文以兩大部分來架構出乘二數列及乘五數列的性質,討論數列的區塊結構,進而判斷數字是否為乘二數列或者乘五數列的其中一項。接著再進入針對位數規律的討論:依照乘m數列的規律,讓人聯想到可以透過其位數的有向圖D(directed graph)與鄰接矩陣A(Adjacency matrix)進行轉換,再利用矩陣計算來求證遞迴關係式,進而求出生成函數和特徵方程式,最終獲得乘二數列及乘五數列的位數估計函數,以解決原先獲知此種數列時伴隨之相關問題。研究的最後發展出乘二數列及乘五數列之間的連結,加入了與乘二、乘五、乘十的規則的關係。未來希望能研究其他乘m數列並發展出共通性。

圓形皂膜駐波與厚度變化

本實驗藉觀察圓皂膜的共振駐波,探討皂膜厚度對共振模態之影響。發現在條件相同下,因駐波共振頻率與表面張力、厚度及體密度間的複雜關係,使皂膜厚度有時會影響振動模態。 實驗中以同心圓駐波加上轉動,分析皂膜在駐波共振下的厚度分布及隨時變化。駐波加轉動下皂膜之厚度有三種分布情形:厚度相等、厚度沿徑向突增及沿徑向漸增再漸減;隨時間演進,皂膜上同心干涉環會於駐波節線產生暗紋,此暗紋再往兩側拓寬。 當轉動皂膜產生黑膜後,將轉動停止再施以同心圓駐波,可於貝索函數J0之腹線附近出現較厚之干涉亮紋。圓黑皂膜共振之亮點分布與圓板共振動克拉里尼圖案類似,只是皂膜上的亮點往腹線堆積,而圓板上的顆粒則往節線聚集。

道同互相為「蒙」—蒙日定理共點共線共圓的問題探討與推廣

本研究以蒙日定理「平面上三圓彼此外公切線交點共線,以及彼此內公切線交點與另一圓的圓心的連線共點」出發,在數量、形狀及維度上進行一系列問題的推廣。正如本研究作品名稱「道同」互相為「蒙」,發現對於任意N維空間中的n個圖形,只要圖形互相「位似」,均有蒙日點、蒙日圓或蒙日形等蒙日定理性質。同時,透過蒙日點與各圖形位置及大小的關係,可發現更多共點共線及共圓的有趣性質,其中最令人驚豔的是「分堆的(廣義)蒙日點共線」性質:「k圓蒙日點、n-k圓蒙日點及n圓蒙日點共線」。此外,本研究提出的工具方法及觀點,可應用至許多方面,如「蒙日圓」與Desargues、Pascal和Brianchon等定理的關聯,亦可解釋光學中的薄透鏡成像公式,更將蒙日定理連結Menelaus、Ceva定理,進而能重新詮釋共點共線的幾何定理。

Parallax Modelling of OGLE Microlensing Events

We present a study using microlensing event data from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE), recorded in the period 2002-2016 from the Galactic bulge. Our two algorithms are based on the standard point-source-point-lens (PSPL) model, and on the less conventional parallax model respectively. The optimal fit was found for each sample event in the chi-square optimization algorithm, along with the best fit parameters. Out of the 7 best fits, 4 show strong parallax effect. The microlensing fit parameters were then cross-matched with proper motion data from the Naval Observatory Merged Astrometric Dataset (NOMAD), to obtain lens mass estimation for four events. These were estimated to 0.447 solar masses, 0.269 solar masses, 0.269 solar masses and 17.075 solar masses respectively. All masses were within the microlensing mass interval for lenses found in similar studies. In this study, we conclude that the parallax model often better describe long events and demonstrate the importance of utilizing both PSPL fits and parallax fits, instead of only the PSPL model. By varying only 2 of the 7 parallax microlensing parameters instead of all simultaneously, we obtain plausible values for lens direction and lens transverse velocity: a method to investigate microlensing lens properties with no regard to its luminosity. In addition, we also present spectral classes of the NOMAD objects associated with each event, which is vital for future investigations to further confirm mass estimations. We present strategies to further enhance the algorithm to analyze the microlensing event light curve to better find deviations. We also conclude that our double model can potentially unveil the presence of dim lens objects (MACHOs) such as brown dwarfs, exoplanets or black holes.

新激發複合體的設計與應用

激發複合體 (Exciplex) 是由電子予體 (Donor)和電子受體 (Acceptor)在激發態時所生成具TADF 特性的過渡狀態物質,可用於製備高效能的第三代OLEDs。本研究以PVK 和自合 聚合物4 作為Donor,以3 種T2T 分子作為Acceptor,進行物理性混合後,挑出生成之exciplex的放光波長可與C545T 吸光波長搭配的組合,進行相關特性的鑑定分析與探討,以找出最佳exciplex 組合。接者,再以自行製備之exciplex 作為主體,加入C545T 作為發光體,評估兩者間的FRET 行為。目前已找出最佳的exciplex 組合與Donor 和Acceptor 的最佳混合比例且觀察到exciplex 和C545T 之間有FRET 行為,並已將exciplex 進一步製成元件,發現的確有發光的現象。雖然效率不高,但是會進一步去優化製程條件。期望研究成果將來能應用在第三代OLED 的改良,提供更多實際層面的運用。