2018年

For a unique marine bird, so magnificent and accessible to the public, the Australasian Gannet (Morus serrator) colony found at Cape Kidnappers, 紐西蘭, significantly lacks research. Knowledge of gannet behaviour and how humans could best sustain a relationship with them remains unstudied. M. serrator are colonial monogamous breeders and produce a single chick each breeding season (Ismar, S.M.H. 2013). With the same mate over breeding seasons, pairs work cooperatively sharing the energy input into a single chick. Such parental care leads to highly territorial behaviour (McMeekan, C. P. & Wodzicki, K. A. 1946). This suggests more dominant gannets would claim larger territories to have a greater distance between nests of other birds, to increase the survival of their offspring. With a land-based colony this means the gannets are at risk from land and airborne predators, suggesting more dominant birds will claim territories in the central area as it offers greater safety from predator pressures (Minias, P. 2014). It was hypothesised that birds in the centre will have a greater distance between their nests and have a smaller height compared to those around the periphery of the Plateau Colony. The distances between nests and the heights of nests were recorded in the centre and around the periphery of the colony to determine if there was a correlation between the variables. It was found that centre nests had a greater distance between them and were of a smaller nest height when compared to those around the periphery. Anthropogenic influences from tourism and conservation has the potential to change the evolutionary trajectory of managed populations. This colony is protected by predator control programs. Altering this significant selection pressure has the potential to change the nesting behaviour of this species. Monitoring annual nesting distribution patterns and colony numbers over time, may enable informed development of more sustainable ecotourism and protection of the colony. This investigation provides baseline data to support further research on this colony.

本研究主要解決的問題為：在任意多邊形上填入特定範圍的正整數，使得相鄰兩邊上的數差1，求符合以上條件的填數字方法數。 為了解決問題，本研究做了兩項突破。第一項是題目的轉變，將問題轉變成路徑問題。第二項則是將路徑數計算的方式（加法原理）之逆運算，求出從原點前往含直線y=－x及其右半平面上的任意格子點之捷徑數，並搭配巴斯卡三角形中的組合數列，成功地推導、證明此問題方法數的公式。 接著本研究將原題延伸，推廣至討論任相鄰兩邊上的數之差為固定某一正整數的情形，也成功地推導、證明其方法數公式。最後，本研究討論原題目的生成函數並成功導出。

本研究的目的為探討文化智商(CQ)、個人因素與國際地理知識之間的關係。本研究以便利抽樣的方式選取台灣北部、中部、南部的三所普通高中的學生為研究樣本發放紙本問卷，期間為1個月，共發放402份紙本問卷，回收的有效問卷數為364份，問卷回收率為90.5%。資料以描述性分析、差異分析、相關分析和迴歸分析進行變數之間的關係探討。研究結果顯示：經過差異分析，我們得知文化智商、國際地理知識並不會因性別不同而有差異；同時也得知，國際地理知識會因個人文化智商分數的高低而有不同。而經過相關分析可以得出，國際地理知識與自評英文能力、人格開放性、文化智商、日常習慣呈正相關。最後，經由迴歸分析後可以了解到文化智商對國際地理知識有正向影響，同時人格開放性對國際地理知識也具有正向關係。最後，本文提供研究討論、結論、與研究限制以供讀者參考。

Nowadays, the most of waste materials are incinerated and generated the toxic gases in 日本. On the other hand, the Hydrogen gas (H2) has attracted attention as clean energy due to no emissions of toxic gases. In this work, we investigated that the new hydrogen evolution system using waste materials, such as aluminum (Al) foil and lime desiccant, and also investigated their reaction mechanism. The grinded desiccant was added to Erlenmeyer flask containing 300 mL of water. After dissolution the desiccant, the Al foil was added to the solution to begin the reaction. Generated gas was determined by water displacement method. The gas components are identified by gas chromatography. We found that the waste material reaction combined with waste lime desiccant and Al foil could be used for one of the hydrogen evolution system. This reaction is depended on solubility of lime desiccant, thus mean solubility of CaO in water. The Al foil is reacted with the desiccant more than 20 times of reaction stoichiometry. The calcium ion or calcium complex ions are involved with the excess reaction of Al foil.

Detection of harmful chemicals used in industrial complexes is crucial in order to create a safer environment for the workers. Presently, most chemical detectors used in workplaces are expensive, inefficient, and cumbersome. In order to address these deficiencies, a novel sensor was fabricated to produce a unique spectroscopic fingerprint for various toxic chemicals. The sensor was fabricated by depositing several layers of silica spheres (diameter ~250 nm) on a glass substrate using evaporation-based self assembly. As the spheres assemble to form a photonic crystal, they also create void (i.e., air) spaces in between them. Once the spheres assemble as a photonic crystal, a spectrometer was used to monitor the reflectivity. The spectrum had a high reflectivity at a specific wavelength, which is governed by the average index of refraction between the spheres and the void spaces. As a foreign chemical infiltrates into the photonic crystal, it occupies the void space, which results in an increase of the average index of refraction of the structure. Consequently, the peak wavelength of the reflectivity spectrum red-shifts, which then confirms the presence of a foreign substance. While the as-grown photonic crystal is able to detect chemicals, it is unable to differentiate between chemicals that have similar indices of refraction, such as ethanol and methanol. In order to detect chemicals with similar indices of refraction, five pieces of a single photonic crystal (i.e. five pixel device) were exposed to different silanes, which changed the surface chemistry of the silica spheres in the photonic crystal. In turn, the five pixel device was able to produce a unique chemical fingerprint for several chemicals, which can be calibrated to detect toxins in the workplace.

會議室圓桌上有n個座位，順時針依序放有編號①、②、③、 、n，共n張名牌。將參與這場會議的人也編碼，依序為1、2、3、 、 ，假設編號1的人一定會先抵達並坐到了名牌②的位置，剩下的人則依亂序到來，先找到自己名牌的座位，如果位置是空的就坐下，如果位置被佔了就往順時針方向找到下一個空位坐下（例如3到達時，若③、④均被坐了，而⑤位置是空的，則3就坐到名牌⑤的位置)。等到一個人坐定後，另一個人再進入會議室，依此規則，最後此n人到底會有幾種不同的坐法？ 我們以遞迴手法以外的方法解決了這個的問題，並深入探討： 1.能否從入座的順序立刻得知最後坐定的位置？ 2. 能否從最後坐定的位置，找出進入會議室的順序？同時得知有幾種不同進入會議室的順序會符合同一種坐法？ 3. 每個人坐錯位置的機率為何？恰k人坐錯位置的機率為何？坐錯位置人數的期望值為何？

基因型的改變會導致表現型的改變，然而，有一種稱為遺傳緩衝的效應，能隱蔽基因型變異，維持表現型穩定。由於某些遺傳變異不適合生物的原始環境，卻能被保護，使在各種環境中持續演化。從前人的果蠅研究發現，若剔除熱休克蛋白90能夠使其不同遺傳品系間的基因型變異被顯露出來；而在酵母菌的研究中，剔除熱休克蛋白90會增加在環境擾動時的生長差異，因此熱休克蛋白90被認為有參與遺傳緩衝效應。更重要的是，熱休克蛋白家族普遍存在於所有真核生物中。為一窺遺傳緩衝效應機制的原貌，本研究誘發釀酒酵母菌菌種196的突變、增加其基因型的多樣化，並以doxycycline環境及高溫環境營造環境壓力，以降低酵母菌196及其突變株的基因Hsc82之表現量，找出含有因為突變而被熱休克蛋白90所保護的基因的突變株。希望透過找到這些突變株以了解，有哪些基因突變會被熱休克蛋白90所保護，並進而推論人類基因的突變是否也能依循此機制被隱蔽。

Immunoglobulin G is a glycoprotein structured molecule that is produced by the immune system and protects organism from harmful effects of antigens. Ig G amount in the blood plasma is an appropriate indicator of; infection, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer and other autoimmune diseases. Besides, purification of Ig G used in the treatment of these diseases from naturel sources is carried out at high costs on the World market. It is hard to obtain Ig G in high amounts and without any decomposes, that’s why it is important to develop new systems that will help to recognize and purify Ig G antibody. In this project, my purpose was; recognizing Ig G antibody with efficient, high amounted, fast, easily, with less toxicity, economically and purifying Ig G in high ratios from its natural sources. For this purpose p(HEMA-EDMA) membranes are synthesized with free radical photo polymerization method and characterized according to SEM images, swelling behaviors FTIR analysis and elemental analysis. In order to adsorb Ig G to polymeric membranes; polymeric membranes are activated with silanization agent (IMEO) and derivatized with Con A which is a lectin affinity ligand. In the SEM results it is examined that membranes are in spherical structures. Highest swelling value is determined as 224.8%.Binding of IMEO was demonstrated with FTIR and Elemental Analysis. Optimum conditions for Ig G adsorption to membranes are; 1.5 mg/ml initial Ig G concentration, 30 minutes of adsorption time, pH 4 citrate buffer 37 0C and without any different ion strength. Optimum adsorption capacity is determined as 253.8 mg/cm2 and it is also determined that this value is 7 times higher than nonspecific Ig G adsorption to p(HEMA-EDMA) membranes. Ig G adsorption-desorption cycles (5 times) proved that product is reusable without losing its adsorption capacity. According to the electrophoresis, Ig G could be desorbed in pure form without any denaturation to its structure.

本研究目標在於改良對弈機械人及分析長期對弈資訊，運用於早期老人失智症之預防。 據文獻及詢問專家後得知對弈遊戲具有預防失智症狀的功效，而研究中的對弈機器人以大腦功能狀態評估（JOMAC）為研究方向，研究資料分析如「玩家思考時間、對弈棄局次數、下錯頻率」等資訊並設計檢測橋段等機制以符合評估項目達到預防提醒之目的。對弈人工智慧，針對玩家棋力會自動調整機器人的棋力。採用 UCT 演算法，透過搜尋模擬能計算出各點落子勝率，藉由選擇較高或較低勝率的落子點，使人工智慧棋力與使用者旗鼓相當，保持使用者遊戲體驗及強化思考使失智症狀得以延緩。此外運用類神經網路改良影像自動校正，利用學習的方式解決不穩定環境光下誤判過多的問題，且提高校正速度，使對弈過程更加穩定。

本作品主要在探討圖的IC-coloring ，一個由郵票問題變化出來的圖著色問題。給定一個連通圖G，想要在所有的頂點上標一個自然數，使其所有頂點所標的和為K，而且對於所有介於1和K之間的自然數k，恆存在一個G的連通子圖，其連通子圖上所有點的標號總和為k。能達到這種性質的標號，稱為圖G的一個IC-coloring，以M(G)表示所有IC-coloring中K的最大值。 有關於圖的IC-coloring過去已經有不少研究，大部分的研究是找尋M(G)值的下界。在本次研究中，我們以改進圖G為四連方陣圖(P2╳Pn)對於一般的自然數n的M(G)下界值。