全國中小學科展

臺灣

探討輪胎的摩擦係數與各物理量間的交互關係

本研究旨在探討單車輪胎摩擦係數與各物理量之間的交互關係。由於摩擦係數的公式在多年以來備受許多質疑,我們決定透過實驗深入探討影響摩擦係數的各種物理量(如:接觸面積、正向力…等)是否有實質關聯。研究方法採用實徵研究進行試驗,調整輪胎胎壓並測量各狀態下的摩擦力、正向力和接觸面積,對不同胎壓下的摩擦力變化量與胎溫上升量進行比較,藉此驗證摩擦係數與胎壓、接觸面積間的非線性關係,找出單車輪胎的摩擦圓(friction circle),並將實驗值與理論值進行一系列的比對。研究結果發現:隨著胎壓增加,輪胎的接觸面積減小,摩擦力會隨之減少,輪胎升溫量也著減少。此外,透過數值模擬和自製轉動儀器實驗分析並比較側向、切向摩擦力與摩擦係數的各項關聯性。總的來說,做好適當胎壓的調整對行駛的穩定和安全性具有直接影響,據此提供更多生活應用的良方。

影像辨識 在 智慧運輸系統 的應用 自動跟隨

本研究旨在開發一款能自動跟隨人的AI智慧運輸車,應用在 醫院、商場等環境,能減輕工作人員的負擔。本系統融合YOLOv8影像辨識技術和物聯網,使運輸車具備跟隨人體的能力。該系統通過物聯網,將車上攝影機接收的影像傳送至電腦,進行即時運算,不必在車上配備高階的微型電腦或GPU以降低成本。使用YOLOv8模型辨識人體與手勢,以arduino ESP32開發板作為主控單元控制減速馬達,使運輸車能自動跟隨人員。本研究不像傳統自動導引車(AGV),因為依賴固定路徑,而無法用在多變的場景,且不適合與人協同工作。將本系統應用於醫療院所或零售業商場等 ,經常出現 變障礙物的場所時,能與人員配合執行任務,例如當作病人的點滴架、輔助護理師工作的醫務車,以及賣場中協助工作人員上貨的籠車,能有效降低勞力負擔。

利用 Verapamil 引發斑馬魚胚胎心衰竭模式並探討臨床心衰竭用藥 Dapagliflozin 和 Valsartan 之成效與機制

本研究利用 Verapamil 誘導斑馬魚胚胎心衰竭模式,並探討 Dapagliflozin 對斑馬魚胚胎表皮離子細胞的調控機制,以加深對 SGLT2 inhibitors 機制的了解。受精後第四天的斑馬魚在暴露於Verapamil 24小時後,除了抑制卵黃囊吸收以及造成心包膜水腫以外,對心臟整體功能(HR, EDV,ESV, SV, EF, CO)具負面影響。以粒線體染劑標記離子細胞,發現Verapamil使其密度上升,使用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察,則可看到離子細胞頂端開口有明顯的萎縮,影響到正常功能。以抗體標記染色的方式檢測不同離子細胞亞型,顯示 Dapagliflozin 使富含 Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase 的 HR 細胞和富含 H⁺-ATPase 的 NaR 細胞密度上升。同時,心臟功能診斷標誌物的 mRNA 水平(naap, nppb,gata4, vmhc)暴露於Verapamil後上升,促進離子細胞代償性上調。

探討粒線體蛋白質GATD3A的結構、功能以及去糖化機制

GATD3A 是粒線體中的蛋白質,被推測可能具有「去糖化」的能力,能移除AGEs。糖尿病、帕金森氏症、阿茲海默症皆與人體中過高濃度的AGEs有關,因此GATD3A具有相當高的研究價值。 本研究探索GATD3A(麩醯胺酸轉移酶樣1 類結構域 3A),經基因合成與蛋白表現後,大量製備蛋白質並探討其結構與功能。目前已得到蛋白質最佳製備環境、成功培養出蛋白質晶體,進行了結構分析,了解其結構、保守性、親水性及電性等,對於酵素適合反應的溫度、pH值也有初步了解。未來也會利用酵素動力學計算酵素活性、並製備糖化蛋白質,進行去糖化測試,探討 GATD3A 是否具有臨床運用於糖尿病患者之糖化血紅素去糖化的可能性。

橡實代謝物與飛鼠小腸內生菌共發酵產物之應用

This study primarily investigates the components of food residues in the stomach of flying squirrels and the metabolism of the intestinal bacteria Floricoccus tropicus. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hydrogen spectrum analysis, the signals of long-chain fatty acids were detected in both n-hexane and 75% ethanol extracts of flying squirrel gastric residues and acorns, suggesting that acorns may be a primary food source for the flying squirrels. The study also identified Floricoccus tropicus, one of the lactic acid bacteria, from the intestines of flying squirrels and discovered its role in the metabolism of fatty acids in acorns. Results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly decreased during fermentation, indicating that they were converted into short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties. In the antibacterial activity experiments, the acorn grease showed no inhibitory effects before fermentation, but after fermentation, the acorn grease exhibited inhibitory effects against E. coli. Furthermore, in anti-inflammatory tests, fermented acorn grease samples significantly suppressed the production of NO and TNF-α in LPSinduced RAW 264.7 cells, with greater inhibition at higher concentrations. In conclusion, the lactic acid bacteria Floricoccus tropicus was found to metabolize fatty acids of acorns into compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

Revolutionizing Metabolic Health: The Therapeutic Potential of Next-Generation Probiotic Akkermansia Strains (Z62, IR119) for Metabolic Syndromes

The human gut microbiome is integral to digestion, overall health, and metabolic disorder imbalances. Recent advancements in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have highlighted the therapeutic promise of restoring healthy gut microbiota in populations with high incidences of diseases. Focusing on fecal DNA samples from healthy Asian individuals, this study examines the potential of novel Akkermansia strains, specifically Akkermansia muciniphila (Z62) and Akkermansia massiliensis (IR119), as next-generation probiotics for mitigating metabolic syndrome. A key aspect of the study is the investigation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced and play a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes. SCFAs such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate are essential for energy provision to colon cells and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. The methodology involves selecting two Akkermansia strains, analyzing them through 16S rRNA and WGS, evaluating their growth and survival rates under acidic and bile-salt conditions, alongside their cell adhesion capabilities. The study focuses on the production of key short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan derivatives by bacteria in regulating metabolic processes, as well as their anti-inflammatory effects on colon cells. Through in vitro assays, both strains exhibited survival in acidic/bile-rich conditions, though Z62 demonstrated superior adhesion to Caco-2 cells, suggesting a higher colonization potential. Metabolomic analysis revealed both strains produce SCFAs, including propionic and acetic acids, and indole metabolites, such as indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, which are known to influence lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In adipocyte cell models, IR119 significantly reduced lipid accumulation, while Z62 increased lipid presence. Furthermore, IR119 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-6 and TNF-α, suggesting potential for inflammation mitigation. The future potential of IR119 as a therapeutic probiotic is extraordinary in addressing complex metabolic and inflammatory diseases, which open new avenues for managing chronic inflammatory conditions like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Future clinical trials could refine IR119’s efficacy, positioning it as a leading probiotic in preventive and therapeutic contexts.

羽轉綠肥-自製肥料對蔬果生長的影響

羽毛廢棄物是畜產類廢棄物排名第二大宗,為了提高廢棄羽毛的實用價值與效益,我們利用啤酒酵母菌進行雞羽毛分解。經啤酒酵母分解一個月後的雞毛液肥,含有胺基酸濃度約為0.17 M,是市售肥組的5.67倍。以雞毛液肥灌溉高經濟價值的彩椒及福山萵苣,彩椒果實總質量比市售肥組高出84.6%,果實中含有葡萄糖濃度為23.8%,比市售肥組多出49.7%。碘量法的抗氧化能力試驗中,發現雞毛液肥灌溉的彩椒抗氧化能力比市售肥組高出91.3 %。清除DPPH自由基的能力實驗中,雞毛液肥組的彩椒果實汁液清除自由基能力約是市售肥組的2.82倍。雞毛液肥灌溉的福山萵苣的葉片總質量比市售肥組多出116.2%。可以發現啤酒酵母分解的雞毛液肥,確實可取代市售肥料,當作彩椒及福山萵苣的養分。希望藉此研究能將廢棄雞毛再利用,減少環境負擔,讓農業永續發展。

探討手性有機硒催化劑合成與性質

研究指出⼿性有機硫催化劑能催化反應合成出⾼立體選擇性的產物,並有相關的研究指出以同族的硒取代⽽成的催化劑也有類似的性質,我們好奇兩者之間催化能⼒的差異處。本研究探討⼿性有機硒催化劑THSeOBn的合成,並將其應用催化形成氮環丙烷化物及環氧化物以探討其性質。本研究發現相較⼿性有機硫催化劑THTOBn催化,其催化形成氮環丙烷反應的dr 值及反應速率皆有顯著的上升,但其催化形成環氧化物的反應儘管反應速率有上升,但是dr值卻下降。最後本研究提出了關於THSeOBn催化形成氮環丙烷及環氧化物的反應機構。

自組裝DNA探針於GNP@PANI電極以檢測miRNA

在許多疾病,如癌症、心血管等疾病中,微核醣核酸 ( microRNA,簡稱miRNA) 的表現水平可作為診斷指標。現行檢測miRNA多使用RT-qPCR,然而此技術成本高、操作繁瑣且耗時。本研究自行設計可抓取目標miR-155的DNA分子探針,透過化學合成與修飾將此探針接合在奈米金-聚苯胺( GNP@PANI )電極上,組裝出具靈敏度與特異性的DNA分子電極。實驗結果顯示:此自組裝探針電極具有良好的線性檢量關係,偵測極限可達0.1 nM。在摻雜多種miRNA的樣品中,此電極仍具有極佳的專一性,回收率高達101.5 %。應用於含生物基質的尿液樣本,可不受背景干擾,其檢測差異僅約0.4 %。本研究採用電化學技術來檢測miRNA,不但成本低、操作簡便,且可依據目標分子進行客製化設計,為新一代檢測技術開創前景。

大氣常壓微電漿合成共價有機框架應用於光催化降解汙染物

為了解決水污染問題,本研究探討共價有機框架(COF)作為光催化劑的應用。COF具備高度可調孔洞、高穩定性及選擇性吸附等優勢,有助於有效去除水中污染物,對未來具有前景。本實驗採用大氣常壓微電漿合成COF,此方法能在室溫下以水為溶劑,無需高溫或有毒化學品,並僅需一小時即可完成合成,具有綠色化學優勢。實驗結果顯示,成功合成的COF能有效降解水中常見染料污染物(結晶紫及亞甲藍),證明了COF的高效光催化性。在紫外-可見光光譜中,隨著光催化反應的進行,染劑吸收波峰顯著減弱並幾乎完全褪色,確認了COF優異的降解能力。掃描電子顯微鏡圖像顯示,COF的高度有序孔洞結構提升了其催化活性與穩定性。這項技術不僅能高效處理水中有機污染物,還具備廣泛應用潛力,有望為全球水污染治理與環保提供新思路。