口蹄疫病毒鞘蛋白rVP1 誘發Prohibitin 之遷移
細胞凋亡具有控制生物體細胞數目之功能，能讓特定的細胞走向死亡，因此若能掌握其作用機制，便可能藉由調控細胞凋亡的發生，進而應用於癌症治療。前人研究（2.）指出，經基因重組技術純化之口蹄疫病毒鞘蛋白rVP1，會導致BHK-21的Akt 蛋白質去活化，引起細胞凋亡的現象。然而在其後續的研究中，卻發現到在BHK-21中大量表現磷酸化的Akt 蛋白質，並無法反轉由rVP1 所誘發之細胞凋亡。因此本實驗利用二維蛋白質電泳，尋找Akt pathway 以外之細胞凋亡相關蛋白質。目前已證明Prohibitin 此一蛋白質，在由rVP1 所引起之細胞凋亡中，有自細胞核移動至細胞質的現象。此外，亦經由實驗排除Prohibitin 位於Akt pathway 的可能性。Western Blot 之結果更顯示，經rVP1 處理後，Prohibitin 在很短的時間內便出現遷移的現象，故推測其具有調控細胞凋亡上游反應的功能。Apoptosis can lead some specific cells to programmed death, thus, it is a major way for creatures to control their cells amounts. If we can command the mechanism of apoptosis, we may use it as a therapy for cancer by artificial regulation of apoptosis. VP1 is one of the capsid proteins of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). A research (2.) has indicated that the recombinant VP1 (rVP1) can result in dephosphorylation of Akt in BHK-21, and then lead the cells to apoptosis. However, in their follow-up experiments, they discovered that even if they expressed great amount of phospho-Akt in BHK-21, it still couldn’t reverse the apoptosis induced by rVP1. Therefore, this experiment takes the advantage of two-dimension protein electrophoresis (2D) in order to find apoptotic proteins excluded from the Akt pathway. I have found that Prohibitin exports from nucleus to cytosol after rVP1 treatment. Furthermore, I eliminate the possibility that Prohibitin’s may be located in Akt pathway. The results of Western Blot also shows that protein amount of Prohibitin in BHK-21 increase after rVP1 treatment, hence the purpose of nuclear export of Prohibitin might not be to degrade it. It might have some much more important function in the process of exportation. Besides, Prohibitin exports to cytosol in quite a short time after rVP1 treatment. According to this phenomenon, I suppose that Prohibitin has a role as a regulator of apoptotic up-stream reactions.
昆蟲模擬-雙振翅翼
本研究的目的在於探討蜻蜓兩對翅膀在不同的相位差之下對升力有什麼影響。在觀察蜻蜓及察閱相關網站、研究後發現蜻蜓前後翅的相為差有相差0.5 週期、相差0.25 週期、同週期三種不同振翅方式。在界定欲實驗的種類和評估現有的能力及資源後，決定研究加上相差為0.125 週期的四種振翅方式，於無風條件、相同的振翅頻率下進行實驗，測量其升力的變化週期。測量結果參照前人的文獻後發現，0.5週期產生的升力雖最小，但最平穩，所以為蜻蜓最常用的飛行方式。而0.25 週期升力會疊加，往下的力被抵銷，故為向上加速時使用。 ;The purpose of this study is to investigate the phase-shift between the front-pair and rear-pair wings on the maximum lift of a dragonfly. As observing the flight of a dragonfly and the literature survey from web sides, it has been observed that the general phase-shift modes of the dragonfly are in-phase-shift, 1/2 period and 1/4 period. It has been decided to include a 1/8 period phase-shift mode into the known three modes under the no wind condition with a fixed flapping frequency, the cyclic lift force of the dragonfly wing model has been measured. When it is flapping, we put the model on an electronic scale for measuring the weight of the model. After that we minus the original weight of the model, knowing the increasing or decreasing weight and the extra weight is the lift force. The results show that 1/2 period phase-shift mode produces the least lift force; however, it is the most stable flight, and is being adopted by the dragonfly for level flight. The in-phase-shift mode can produce more lift force on the flapping processes. The 1/4 period phase-shift mode produce the most acceleration, being adopted by the dragonfly for the climb flight.
隨機物體轉移過程的實驗時間之初探
有二系統A和B，A中一開始有2k個物體，，B中有0個物體。在一個單位時間內，兩系統可以互相轉移最多一個物體。當B中物體的個數為 i-1，i∈{1,2,...,k+1}，我們稱其為狀態 i，從狀態1﹝初態﹞開始計時，到達狀態 k+1﹝相同態﹞便即刻停止實驗，經過之時間為一隨機變數T，稱之為實驗時間。問當兩個系統的物體數剛好相等時，經過的實驗時間之分佈為何？本文將以上述問題為核心，分別探討不同條件下系統的實驗時間所反映出來的現象，如機率、期望值、變異數等等。
Define two systems, A includes 2k objects, and B has none. They can transfer at most one object from one system to another in a time unit. When the number of objects in B is i-1, i∈{1,2,...,k+1} , we say the system is at state i. As soon as system transfer form state 1 ( initial state ) to state k+1 ( the same state ), the experiment stop. Random variable T, called the experiment time, is the time before stop. What would be the distribution of the experiment time if all systems have the same amount of objects within? This article will focus on the described question and discuss what property the experiment time of the system under various conditions has, such as probability, mean, and variance.
探討太陽黑子與珊瑚生長速率之關連性
微孔珊瑚是優良的生物氣候記錄器，可準確記錄海水表面水溫、陸源沉積物通量和其他微量海水組成等，已成為熱帶氣候變遷研究的重要工具。然而，珊瑚成長速率則顯著受限於海水表溫影響（邱景星，1999）。太陽是地表能量最主要來源，其活動狀態能深遠掌控地球氣候變化，因此其週期性變動規律，已成為近期地球科學家探討環境變遷的重要資訊。 本研究以台灣東南外海綠島採集的微孔珊瑚骨骼樣本，藉由X-ray精確測量其年平均生長速率及觀察骨骼內微量腐殖酸螢光特性，並透過比對太陽輻射量、珊瑚生長與太陽黑子數目的相關性分析，以推倒百年來控制地表氣候變遷的主要因素。 本研究經由頻譜分析、主變量計算、平均標準差和太陽輻射角修正，獲得正確太陽黑子數目、地區性輻射、海水表面溫度和珊瑚生長速率等資料，並討論其間的相互關係。 結果顯示，太陽輻射、海水表面溫度和氣溫有高度正相關（r2>0.62），證實太陽對地球氣候系統的重要性。太陽黑子與輻射資料，則因大氣折射、日照時數等因素影響，正設法解決這些干擾效應；而珊瑚生長速率與海水表面溫度的相關性，則涉及雙極化效應（註）及其他未知因素影響，尚待進一步釐清。 （註）：雙極化效應指珊瑚在過高或過低的環境下，生長速率皆會停止 The skeleton of Porites corals is one of the most useful biogenic recorders, which provide relevant information of abrupt climate change, such as sea surface temperatures (SSTs), riverine sedimentary flux, and seawater compositional variations. Information retrieved from coral skeleton, therefore, has become a powerful tool for studying tropical climate change. The annual growth rate of Porites corals, however, was affected strongly by local SSTs (Chiu, 1999). On the other hand, the climatic condition on Earth surface is regulated significantly by solar activity. Subsequently any intensity or periodicity variation in sunspot activity will cause major global environmental changes. This research aims to study coral skeleton collected from the Orchid Island (Lan-yu) offshore southeastern Taiwan for precise measurement of annual growth rate using X-ray density bands, as well as the luminous characteristics of trace humic acids in skeleton. A systematic comparison among solar irradiation, SSTs and coral growth rate will provide critical information on major factors that may affect environmental changes occurred during the last millennium. In this study, we apply spectrum analyses, principal component, mean standard error method, and modified sun irradiation angle to correct biases presented in the available data of observed sunspot number, local irradiation, SSTs and coral annual growth rate and to examine possible relationships among these factors. We have found excellent correlation coefficient (r2>0.62) in solar irradiation, SSTs and air-temperature, which support the importance of solar irradiation to the earth surface climate. However, effects on cloud and length of sun irradiation need further investigation to emphasize the importance of sunspot activity to the annual growth rate of Porites corals. No straight forward relationships were observed between coral growth rate and local SSTs due to complicated biological effect (1*) or other unknown factors, waits for further investigation in the near future. 1* Complicated biological effect means that coral may stop growing their skeletons when the temperature it lives in is over range for growth.
推著離子跑
在本次實驗中，我們發現溶液中的帶電離子，會因為離子團的熱運動，和電偶極的庫倫吸引力(electric dipole)的交互作用下，使得電解質溶液的I-V curve(電流-電壓 曲線)，具有類似磁滯曲線(Hysteresis curve)的效果，同時我們運用光學干涉的原理，證實此時在電場作用下，離子團會互相順著電場方向作條列鍵結，而加熱實驗也證實，熱運動會使溶液的I-V curve(電流-電壓 曲線)變的不一樣。另一方面，我們也發現，在給予電解質溶液一外加的衝擊電壓時，該溶液的電荷分布，?會因為彼此的互相擠壓以及自由擴散的作用下，而形成一震盪分布，其所顯現出來的，則是電壓的震盪變化。最後由於震盪波紋的變化，在起始時與中段之後有著明顯差異，我們對此變化提出看法和證實，相信內容是精采可期的！ In this experiment, with the interaction of the heating action of ionic atmosphere and electric dipole, we find that ionic in the liquor makes the I-V curve in the electrolyte liquor show up with the effect similar to Hysteresis curve. Meanwhile, we practice the principle of interference to prove that at this moment, under the influence of electric field, ionic atmosphere will connect to each other in line following the direction of the electric field. It is also proven that in the heating experiment, heating action will make I-V curve in the liquor different.On the other hand, we also find with extra electric impact, the charge distribution of the liquor will form a oscillation, that is, the changes of the voltage oscillation under the inter-collision and the free spread. We offer our viewpoints and proofs about the obvious changes of oscillation wave in their beginning stage and after their middle stage. We believe that the marvelous content is surely worth of your expectation.
雞胰臟去氧核醣核酸水解？多型性之探討
去氧核糖核酸水解?，(deoxyribonuclease,簡稱DNase)為一種核酸內切?。目前研究得最透徹的去氧核糖核酸水解?為牛胰臟的DNase I，有四種以上的同功?存在。而牛和雞的DNA序列有極高的相似度，由之前的研究中在等電點焦集電泳法顯示雞胰臟DNase I 具A、B 兩種同功?，本實驗則希望能進一步了解兩種同功?的差異原因。在抽取RNA 後，以RT-PCR 方法合成cDNA，將其以限制?切割，再以大腸桿菌作為載體進行轉殖及繁殖培養，最後將其DNA 定序後進行分析比較。目前已完成第一次定序，但因引子接合過程中有部分位置錯亂造成殖體無法進行表現。另外在此次所得之序列中有發現一個胺基酸的轉變，而其是否為多型性之表現則有待進一步的實驗證實。The most advanced research on deoxyribonuclease in current states is on the bovine pancreatic DNase I, more than four of which isoforms have been found. It is shown that the DNA sequences of chicken and bovine have relatively high similarity. In addition, according to the result of isoelectric focusing from previous researches, chicken pancreatic DNaseI has two isoforms (A and B.) In this research, the author expects to establish more knowledge on the differences on the isoforms and the causes. After receiving the RNA, the RT-PCR is preformed to incorporate the cDNA, which is later cleaved by restriction enzyme and inserted into the plasmid DNA of the E. coli host cell to be cloned. So far a polynucleotide sequence has been deduced from clones of the cDNA, but it cannot be expressed successfully in E.coli due to few random mistaken splicing. There is an alternation of one amino acid, and whether it is the actual state of isoform or not still requires further proof.
以阻抗匹配調整太陽能最大功率輸出之研究
In recent years, the price of the oil keeps rising continuously. As a result, the prices of the commodities are rising, too. But what does this mean? This situation stands for the resources on are becoming more and more valuable. A few months ago, I read a Weekly Business Magazine and a Scientist Magazine. They both pointed out that the resources such as oil would disappear after fifty years, and that was a horrible phenomenon. Since almost everything in our modern lives are related to oil, like automobile, motorcycle and air plane. They all need oil for its ingredient. Even plastic bag plays a part in the products of it. I really cannot imagine what it would be like if we don’t have oil after fifty years. Owing to the green house effect is becoming more severe, there are many substitution resources found, such as hydraulic power, wind power and solar energy…etc. What we’re discussing in our topic is how to enhance the power of solar energy, because for now, we all know that the solar module is very expensive and it cost a great deal of money just only one square meter, but the price of module converted from sunlight or heat energy can’t be higher. Therefore, the work is mainly to design and carry out a solar max power point track. 近年來，油價不斷的上漲，連帶著民生的物價漲幅也是越來越可觀，但…這意味著什麼 呢??這所代表的是地球上的資源可以說是越來越珍貴了，前陣子曾經看過商業週刊、科學人 雜誌…他們紛紛所指石油這種能源可能在五十年後就消失殆盡，這個可是非常可怕的結果。 鑑於溫室效應愈趨嚴重，許多的替代能源紛紛出籠，像是風力、水力和太陽能等等。我們這 次的主題是在討論如何提高太陽能效率，現在的太陽能模組我們都曉得非常的昂貴，但是由 太陽轉化成電能的效率卻是低的可以。所以本作品主要目的在於設計與實現一個太陽能最大 功率追蹤器。
南美蟛蜞菊相剋作用之探討
Few plants can grow in the place where Wedelia trilobata grows. In the following experiment, the leaves ans stalks(of the plants from Wedelia trilobata) are extracted for experimental purpose .The data and records of the experiment have shown that Wedelia trilo ata indeed refain the growth of plants such as mung bean, teeding seed, yeast’s respiration and the photosynthesis. We use the function of dieing the polyphenols to know that the Wedelia trilobata can produce Allelochemicals called as the polyphemols The mesophycell produce the polyphemols from chloroplast of cortex,the polyphemols transport to root and release from root exudation. The plant will absorb polyphemols of the soil, and will affect the growth of the plant. If we can separate and purify the Allelochemicals, we can make it as natural herbicideb. 南美蟛蜞菊所在之處，少有其他植物，本實驗採南美蟛蜞菊植栽區之土壤與南美蟛蜞菊莖或葉之萃取液進行相剋作用之研究，結果顯示南美蟛蜞菊確實會抑制小麥與綠豆種子萌發及幼苗生長，並抑制酵母菌的呼吸作用及植物光合作用中之光反應。 利用多酚類染色方法得知南美蟛蜞菊產生的相剋化合物為多酚類，且該多酚類由葉肉細胞與莖內皮層中具葉綠體之細胞產生，經韌皮部輸送至根，再由根經泌濾作用釋出。土壤中的多酚類會被植物吸收，進而影響植物的生長與發育。 若能將該相剋化合物---多酚類分離與純化，或可作為具選擇性之天然除草劑。