臺灣

光催化氧化反應以半導體金屬氧化物為催化劑，進行有機性空氣污染物之快速分解反應。其原理係將半導體材質（如：二氧化鈦，TiO2），在適合之光能量照射下，將半導體激發成為具有氧化/還原能力之催化劑，可加速氧化還原反應之進行，迅速分解有機污染物。 研究動機在於利用TiO2在紫外光的照射下，將H2O 分解產生自由基，使其和水中的重金屬離子進行氧化還原反應，期待可以還原水中的重金屬藉以降低水中重金屬離子濃度，同時藉由使用界面活性劑對奈米微粒具保護作用，可回收重金屬奈米微粒。 由實驗結果得知在紫外光照射下，TiO2 使用量0.5 克，AgNO3(aq) 0.01M，照光24 小時其電導度值上升最多且在溶液表面觀察到銀白色銀金屬薄膜生成而所測得銀金屬析出量明顯增加。探討超音波振盪對TiO2還原力的影響得知，超音波震盪的時間越久，所上升的電導度值愈多。 探討常見的界面活性劑（陽離子型及陰離子型）對TiO2還原力的影響：從數據中可觀察到，加入陰離子界面劑時，電導度值明顯上升；而加入陽離子界面活性劑後，電導度值迅速下降，照光後電導度值也不理想。 探討日光及不同頻率的紫外光照射光源對TiO2還原力的影響：發現紫外光的波長愈短，銀金屬析出的量愈多。 探討除氧處理之溶液對TiO2 還原力的影響得知，除氧處理後所配製的AgNO3（aq）0.01M， 經照光24 小時後電導度值明顯上升，且在溶液表面觀察到大片銀白色銀金屬薄膜生成而所測得銀的析出量也大幅增加。 ;In the experiment, we used the properties of T i O 2 that can catalyzed by UV rays and breaking the molecules of water and produce free radicals, which free radicals can redox metallic oxide as accelerator to analyze organic pollutant briskly. We use different shinning time and to find the best effect of the redox reaction . So we want to use this attribute to begin the redox reaction with the metal ion (for example: Ag＋) in water, expecting to reduce them. And then we can use this method to recycle the metal and to reduce the pollution in rivers. Throughout shining UV rays in 24 hours, we can find out the best effect of TiO2 reducing the metal ion solution. We can also find that we use ultrasonic first; the more redox it will have. In this research ,we can observed that if we put more anion surface-active agent, the more redox it will have. We find the effect of UV rays is better than visible light. The most important is that we deoxidize the metal ion solution, we can get the best effect of the redox reaction . In our research，we can't get the satisfing result of the copper sulphate (CuSO4) by TiO2 accelerating the redox reaction under UV rays.

這個專題研究的目的是要發展出一套簡單可靠的方法和廉價自製的器材，在地面上即能有效估測大氣層的厚度。我們小組研究光學中雷氏(Rayleigh)散射的原理，針對空氣分子對光線散射作用和特定方向之偏極效應，利用一已知散射長度之路徑，測量其偏極光的強度，同時比對由大氣層散射而來，在同一偏極面上的散射光強度，即能估算大氣層的厚度，方法簡單新穎，自製器材經實際測量和改進，有發展和推廣的價值。\r The main idea of the experiment is to set a system in order to effectively estimate the thickness of the atmosphere. On the theory of “Rayleigh Scattering” (small air molecules sizing about 10-4μm), we developed an equipment that has two tubes. The tubes lead the scattered lights from two paths. One is called “air light” scattered in the ground air, and the other “sky light” is scattered in the sky and reflected by a beam splitter. The two paths are on the same plane; the scattered lights are perpendicular to the direction of sunlight and 100% polarized. We could adjust and measure the distance “d” of the air light path. We simultaneously observe and compare the intensity of the lights from the two paths with the electronic instrument made by ourselves. By using the known distance “d” and the reflection “x” of the beam splitter, we can calculate the thickness of the atmosphere. The experiment is simple, novel and easy to do in an extensive field at school. Researchers don’t have to use a bloom, radar or satellite to discover the atmosphere, but you could use a simple equipment to observe the features of it.

Our research started from June, 2003 to May, 2004. During these twelve months, we collected and discussed the basic ecology material of malformed “ Rana latouchii ”, which we call it frog in the following paragraphs . Thanks for the favorable geographical position, we collected the first-hand data in the area of Jin-Mian Mountain foothill gully situated in Taipei. Our investtigation project includes：the percentage of the malformed frogs in a whole race, the geographical distribution of dominant-abnormal frogs, the sexual distribution of dominant-abnormal forgs, and the possible roots for the generation of malformed frogs. We have altogether carried seventy-six times field investigations. In those investigations, we focused our research on the randomly-sampled 580 Rana latouchii. In these 580 sample, there are 190 female, 350 male, and 40 adolescent. We discovered seventy-six malformed frogs, constituteed by 21 female, 53 male and 2 adolescent. In another words, the occurance of malformed frog in a race is around 13.1. %. In our observation, we can classify dominant-abnormal frogs, “Rana latouchii”, into eight species. Here are the species: 1. the entire body is obviously malformed, 2. with only one eye, 3. in lack of appendage apod, 4. in lack of arms,5. in lack of palms, 6. with excess webbed toes, 7. the maltfromed of appendiculars, 8. the lack of toes on the palms. Within these 8 species, the last species has the highest occurance, 66.38% in aproximation. If we look at the classfication by sex, the ratio of female to male is around 1 to 2.52(1:2.52). However, the possibility of being maleformed is regarded as the same for female and male frogs in the same group. In statistical term, our research shows that the chi-square is 1.742 while our degree of freedom is 1 and confidence level is 95% (X2=1.742，df=1，p>0.05). During the research, we also observe that each malformed species affect different living activities of malformed frogs. In the worst situation, the malformed nature can result in shorter life. In our sampling area, malformed frogs mostly reside in high concealment and high humidity location. In our research data, within these area, our re-captured rate for malformed frogs is 25% and hirudin-parastical rate is 4.31%. As our research shows, the occurance of malformed “Rana latouchii” in our selected area results from 3 main causes： First, the parasitism of leeches or parasitic worm；Second, the agriculturally chemical contaminants；Third , the injured causes from escape from predator. 本研究自2003年6 月至2004年5月為止，共12個月的期間，於臺北市內湖區金面山南麓溪谷，對拉都希氏蛙(Rana latouchii)族群之畸形蛙個體進行基本生態資料的蒐集與探討，調查項目包括：族群中畸形蛙發生的比例、畸形蛙外部形質異常分佈的情形、族群中雌蛙與雄蛙發生外部形質異常之情況及可能造成畸形蛙產生的原因。 研究期間共進行了76次的野外調查，總紀錄了拉都希氏蛙580隻，雌蛙有190隻，雄蛙有350隻，幼蛙有40隻；畸形蛙個體共紀錄有76隻，雌性畸形蛙有21隻，雄性畸形蛙有53隻，幼體畸形蛙有2隻。族群中畸形蛙發生率約為：13.10％，外部形質異常的畸形拉都希氏蛙總計有八大類，包括：1.整隻個體形質畸形，2.單眼個體，3.附肢缺少，4.附肢缺臂，5.附肢缺掌，6.腳掌多趾，7.附肢腳掌畸形，8.附肢腳掌缺趾，其中以附肢腳掌缺趾類的66.38％發生率最高。畸形蛙中雌雄比約為1：2.52，族群中雌蛙與雄蛙發生畸形的比例並無顯著的差異（X2=1.742，df=1，p>0.05）。 不同部位形質畸形的發生，將會影響畸形蛙的個體活動，甚至可能降低畸形蛙的存活機率。研究調查樣區中，畸形蛙較常活動於濕度高且隱蔽度大的分樣區中，畸形蛙的重複捕捉率為25％，被水蛭寄生的比例則約是4.31％。 由調查研究結果顯示，造成內湖金面山區南麓溪谷拉都希氏蛙畸形蛙發生的主要原因，推測可能有下列幾種：(1)水蛭或是吸蟲類的寄生；(2)農作過程中的化學污染物；(3)逃脫掠食者捕食過程受傷。

古籍上記載山藥益肺氣，養肺陰，且最近研究報告發現山藥含有珍貴的dioscorin，其為山藥貯存養分的重要蛋白質，有抑制胰蛋白水解?之活性。而塵?糞便、屍體中的消化蛋白?會破壞呼吸道上皮細胞緊密連接處引起過敏氣喘反應。我對此甚感興趣，進而利用山藥的萃取蛋白dioscorin、塵?粗萃取蛋白及呼吸道上皮癌細胞A549，藉細胞培養、免疫螢光染色、螢光顯微攝影來實驗山藥是否真能保護上皮細胞緊密連接處。再利用膠體電泳、西方墨點法中抗體的高專一性、二抗的高靈敏度來確知我之前的實驗。另外也用ELISA 來實驗dioscorin或塵?引起A549 發炎的情況是如何。由實驗得知，dioscorin 可抑制及預防塵?引起的過敏氣喘反應；而經由ELISA 實驗發現，dioscorin 對於塵?刺激A549分泌發炎物質Eotaxin 並沒有助長或是降低的效果。It was believed that Chinese yam have benefits in treating asthma. Recently, it was found that the valuable dioscorin can be isolated from Chinese yam. The major function of dioscorin is nutrition-storage, however, it also have activities in inhibiting trypsin-like protease. This inhibitory activities trigger my interests. Because the major allergens, mites, and their stool may destroy the tight junctions of airway epithelium cells through their trypsin-protease activities. I therefore carry out an in vitro study to identify whether dioscorin can be used in protecting epithelium from the attack of mites. My results showed that dioscorin can protect the tight junctions of A549 cells from the attack of mite crude extract protein. I believed that dioscorin can be a good candidate in pharmacology application. The genetic and proteomic information are my further focus. On the other hand, we also investigated the possible activity of dioscorin in inhibiting mites-induced inflammation through using A549 as a model and employing ELISA. We found dioscorin neither inhibited nor enhanced the eotaxin being secreted from A549 under the stimulation of mites.

在綠色能源中太陽能的利用充滿了無限的機會，其中利用太陽熱能發電的太陽能煙囪觀念有很大的潛力。在本研究中，我們以實驗的方法討論煙囪高度、入風口大小、管型等因素對solar chimney 效益的影響，發現就原先的觀念設計中，有相當大的改進空間。整體實驗而言，所改變的各項變數中，以管型之改變有最大的改進效益。就同長度直管與漸擴管而言，漸擴管在風速上有明顯改進效果，且以流速與截面積換算成效率，較原直管設計之效率高出約20 倍，因此推測漸擴管應用在現行之solar chimney 以改進效能是極有可行性的。研究中也發現煙囪管壁的熱傳導也會影響氣體的總體流動，使效率降低。相信此實驗之數據對日後嘗試對solar chimney 進行改進的研究者有相當之參考價值。Solar energy has a great market potential among many clean energies. The new solar chimney concept using solar thermal power in power generation may have a bright future. Experimental work was performed to study the energy conversion characteristics of a solar chimney. The air moving capability and the influences of chimney height, the shape of chimney and air entrance dimension were studied. It was found that there is a great room to improve the current solar chimney design and thus the efficiency. Overall speaking, the chimney pipe geometry may have the most significant impact on the improvement of performance. A diverged pipe configuration can induce nearly 20 times more flow than a traditional straight pipe. Another finding is the heat transfer effect on the chimney pipe may have the effect in reducing the flow. It is believed that the present study0 is valuable for those people in designing a future solar chimney.

A pair of bacterial two-component system RssB-RssA was cooperated into Serratia marcescens for toxicity phenolic compound detection. First step of this study, E coli was used to accept the plasmid and certified by fluorescent. Then transfer the system from E coli into Serratia marcescens. Finally, 7 kinds of chemical, included phenol, benzene, toluene, xylenes, 4-chlorotoluene, 2-nitrotoluene, and kerosene, were used to check the sensitivity of this gene modified Serratia marcescens line. The results showed that this gene modified Serratia marcescens line had good performances and responses to those chemicals. 本實驗是以一受到二元訊號傳遞系統調控的發光基因重組質體，送入黏質色拉雷菌中，並以製備好的菌株進行毒性化合物之測試。在實驗的第一階段，我們將重組質體送入大腸桿菌內，並以其發光的有無來判斷是否達到送入的目的，其後再以電泳法確認各基因片段是否正確。第二階段再以相同的方法將選殖好的重組發光質體送入黏質色拉雷菌。第三階段，以發光重組菌針對酚、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、4-氯甲苯、2-硝基甲苯及煤油進行發光測試。結果方面，我們發現黏質色拉雷菌發光重組菌對於這一系列的酚環類化合物的確具有相當高的敏感度。

高血壓所誘發的機械性展延是造成心肌肥大的基本因子，本實驗即藉由微陣列基因分析法同時大量的分析機械性展延所造成心肌細胞的基因表現。將新生鼠的心肌細胞施以 20﹪的機械性展延，抽取其 mRNA製作成 cDNA 探針與現成的 cDNA 晶片進行雜漬反應 （此晶片上包含了 480個如訊息傳遞、控制細胞生長週期、細胞骨架等的已知基因），在眾多有因為機械性展延而造成基因表現差異的基因中，我們選擇了 eNOS 基因（內皮細胞 NO合成?）進行西方墨點法及 NOS活性和 NO 產生量測定的實驗，進一步證實 eNOS 的基因表現量的確是增加的，此一結果與微陣列基因分析所得之結果不謀而合。 Mechanical stretch induced by high blood pressure is an initial factor laeding to cardiac\r hypertrophy. The use of cDNA microarrays has made it possible to simultaneously analyze\r stretch-induced gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured on\r malleable silicone dishes and were stretched by 20%. We compared the transcript profiles of\r cardiomyocytes under mechanical stretch for 60 minutes by hybridization of cell-derived cDNA to\r DNA probes immobilized on microarrays. The microarrays contained probes for 480 known genes\r including signal transduction, cell cycle regulators, cytoskeleton and cell motility, and so on. Eighteen\r genes were indentified that showed significantly differential expression in response to mechanical\r stretch in cardiomyocytes. Of the represented genes expressed, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)\r genes was the most interesting one. Northern blot and western blot analysis further quantified the\r expression of eNOS gene. Mechanical stretch also increased constitutive NOS activity and NO\r production. Our results indicate that mechanical stretch induces eNOS gene expression thus increases\r constitutive NOS activity and NO production in cardiomyocytes.

本實驗在探討，當金奈米粒子和植物中的葉綠素產生鍵結作用力時，能量轉移的結果是否能幫助葉綠素激發電子。經由兩者混合後光譜的變化,發現兩者之間發生能量轉移。為探討此轉移現象和濃度的關係，我們將大小不同的金奈米和不同毫升數的葉綠素作用，並將其結果和金奈米與葉綠素的吸收強度和作比較，使用正規化的計算方法算出比值，由此看出兩者之間能量轉移的效率。當金顆粒約大於30nm時，正規化的數值隨的葉綠素濃度的增加而變大；而當金奈米顆粒約小於30nm時，則隨著葉綠素的增加而變小。Much attention is currently focused on chromophoric molecules because they can not only mimic natural antenna systems but also exhibit unique optical and physical properties. Chlorophyll , produced by extracting from green leaves, has electrostatic interactions with Au nanoparticles through carboxyl groups. Herein, we report the charge transfer between chlorophyll and Au nanoparticles using UV-vis electronic absorption spectroscopy. The efficiency of charge transfer from chlorophyll to Au nanoparticles was estimated by the normalization of Q-ban absorption intensity. From the observation of absorption intensity versus concentration of chlorophyll curves, we find that the efficiency of charge transfer is increased while the size of Au-particle is larger than 30nm, but decreased while the size smaller than 30nm.

運用自製低頻噪音( The relations between vehicle average speed with low frequency engine exhaust noise(

由於蜘蛛絲複雜的分子結構及產生過程，長久以來一直被視為一個特殊的生物材料(高延展性，高韌性，和高強度)，此外，前人研究指出蜘蛛能自己調控絲的性質，並受到環境的影響。然而，大多數的研究多以結網性蜘蛛為主，只有極少數研究著重在探討非結網性蜘蛛，如:跳蛛。本研究中，以安德遜蠅虎為材料，分析跳蛛的跳躍行為，以及探討曳絲在跳躍過程時所造成的影響。我們初步的研究結果顯示: (一)曳絲在跳蛛跳躍過程中，對於安全降落扮演重要的角色，及(二)跳蛛會藉由改變身體的角度來維持身體的平衡。在跳躍過程中，蜘蛛的跳躍速度會因空氣阻力而減少，但是蜘蛛絲的彈性恢恢復力(根據虎克定律)會讓跳蛛跳躍速度更顯著的減少，並藉著身體的轉動與曳絲的作用達到身體平衡。對於一個非結網性蜘蛛是另外一個不可或缺的輔助工具。相對於其他跳躍動物，有絲的跳蛛具備另一項能減緩降落速度的工具以增加降落的安全性。