臺灣

超音波應用於臨床已行之有年，而以穿透式超音波打入腦部的想法也已提出，本實驗目的即為測試低強度間歇性超音波達到腦部受傷後治療的可能。本實驗採用星狀細胞培養模式來探討，首先以腫瘤壞死因子α(Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, TNF-α)模擬中風缺氧的狀態，並利用低強度間歇性超音波刺激星狀細胞，然後檢測其培養液中一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)的濃度變化，以及大腦衍生神經營養因子(Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, BDNF)、神經膠質衍生神經營養因子(Glial-derived Neurotrophic Factor, GDNF)之mRNA 表現的情形。由實驗結果顯示，在TNF-α存在狀況下則能使NO 濃度上升，施打低強度間歇性超音波可促使NO 增加，並提升上述BDNF、GDNF 兩種蛋白質之mRNA 表現，BDNF 可幫助支持神經元生存，促使新神經元和突觸的發展及分化；GDNF 可有效提昇許多類型神經元生存率；而適當之NO 濃度可以調節神經傳遞物質釋放和腦血流，乃至於影響到記憶的產生。我們初步的結果也顯示在TNF-α存在下，超音波可以增加BDNF 及GDNF 蛋白之產生，因此本研究成果顯示低強度間歇性超音波可提供有利於神經元的環境。The ultrasound technology has been widely applied in the clinical practice for many years, such as monitoring of fetus, lithotripsy, rehabilitation after fracture, as well as the ultrasound stimulation of brain tissue, etc. The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the injured brain. In this study, we adopted the in vitro model of astrocyte cultures. The tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) was used to simulate the condition of ischemic stroke. We used LIPUS to stimulate the cultured astrocytes, then we ssessed the concentration of nitric oride (NO) in the culture medium. We also assessed the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) of both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). The results showed that NO increased after the addition of TNF- α. In addition, treatment of LIPUS increased the expression of NO, as well as the mRNA of both BDNF and GDNF. The BDNF is able to support the survival of neuron, as well as stimulate differentiation of neurons and synapses. GDNF can also increase the survival of various kinds of neurons. Furthermore, NO may regulate the secretion of neurotransmitters, increase the blood flow in the brain, as well as enhance the processing of memory. Our preliminary results also demonstrated that both BDNF and GDNF protein increased in response to LIPUS in the presence of TNF-α. Therefore, treatment with LIPUS implicated an environment favoring the protection of neurons.

The research is about the optimal on parallel processing. Through boot disk – which will automatically finish booting configuration, .it is efficient and quick to build high performance PC clusters. The advantage of parallel computing could be applied to massive image processing. By sharing processing and breaking huge processing load into lots of pieces, we could get more efficient result. It is also possible to optimal parallel system through some special means such as dynamic configuration. Through the means, the system could distribute work loading itself. It could also adjust itself to get the highest performance and the most stable environment. 本研究之目的在於探討平行處理中的計算資源的最佳化，透過自動完成開機設定的Boot Disk 來有效快速建製出高效率的PC Clusters 環境，並透過動態配置與類神經網路的校調，使整體叢集的運算能自動調整至最佳化。平行處理優勢，可以應用在耗費極大量的運算資源的影像處理上。透過運算資源分享，可以以很高的效率將極為龐大的運算工作分散成許多較小的程序，使影像處理速度加快。經由平行演算法及實際應用的調整，可對已成形之平行系統作效能上的加強。使用類神經網路的方式訓練，使其系統能夠自我分配運算工作量，且隨著各平行化程式與各節點的不同，能自我校調至最佳化，達到高效率且穩定的運算環境。\r 本研究透過高效率且能自我調校的運算環境，可用於優化其本身結構，以達到\r 演化出更進一步系統，具有相當大的發展潛力。

Nematophagous fungi can form different kind of trapping device to trap the nematodes when they show off. They may play a role for control of the plant and animal parasitic nematodes as an alterative choice beside regular practice. We attempt to investigate the adhesive’s attributes and the genes that encode trapping structures. Now we have already constructed the Arthrobotrys musiformis Fosmid library which will play a vital resource for specific genes analysis, cloning and characterization in the future. We have chosen two genes encoding protease and superoxide dismutase from Arthrobotrys musiformis, respectively, and will be used as probes to screen the Fosmid library. The relevent clone(s) will be subject to restrictive enzyme disection, Southern blotting or even whole Fosmid 40kb DNA fragment sequencing to discover the interesting and paramount genes. 線蟲捕捉菌在線蟲出現時可以產生型態各異的捕捉構造，捕捉或黏著線蟲。它是防治線蟲的另類選擇。本實驗是由生物的分生觀點切入，希望能夠了解線蟲捕捉菌Arthroborys musiformis於捕捉網表面之黏液生化特性以及控制產生捕捉構造的基因。目前已完成建 Arthrobotrys musiformis之Fosmid library，並且選擇兩組探針：蛋白質?(protease)以及超歧氧化?(superoxide dismutase)，將以PCR進行基因探針之DIG標定，之後篩檢Fosmid library，選殖出相關clone，進行限制?切割，南方氏雜合特性分析或40kbDNA全序列分析，尋找相關基因以利下游實驗工作之進行。

本研究主要是探討輪盤遊戲之破解，遊戲規則是從攤販設計好的遊戲輪盤中，玩家先選擇順時針or逆時針旋轉，再從一副撲克牌任意抽兩張撲克牌相加，得到的數字為N，再從轉盤上N處按照選擇好的方向轉動(N-1)步，最後停留的數字所對應的獎品歸玩家所有。研究結果發現：一、不論順時針或逆時針轉，最終轉到的數字只有1和奇數二種結果和找出此種結果的原因。二、找出輪盤的終點數公式。三、減少輪盤數字數時，同樣找出終點數公式和終點數公式的一般式。四、設計出新規則，用機率來讓遊戲更有趣。本研究與小六數學「怎樣解題」相關。

二元根樹是資訊科學上最重要的結構之一，因此其結構的探討就很有價值。在這個研究中，我們探討二元根樹上反鏈(Antichain)，鏈(Chain),獨立集(Independent set)計數。在每一個子題之下，我們求出計算反鏈，鏈，獨立集的方法。之後我們求出極值(包括最大跟最小值)，並且討論該極值之下所有可能的樹形。此外，我們並討論要列出二元根樹上這些資料(反鏈，鏈，獨立集)所需的演算法。In this paper we enumerate the number of antichains, chains, and independent sets of a binary tree of size n. After that we focus on the extreme values (maximal/minimal). we calculate the extreme values and discuss the possible graphs of trees when achieving these extreme values. Moreover, we offer algorithms for listing all the objects in each extreme case.

本實驗主要是探討磁色效應，光通過狹縫會產生繞涉現象產生繞涉圖形，為了要了解繞涉現象，要先瞭解光柵的結構。要探討光柵，就要先探討探討磁流體的結構結構，磁流體乃是將一般磁性物質製成小粒子，再使其懸浮於非磁性液體中，根據統計力學，只要粒子夠小，就可經由布朗運動均勻散佈在溶液中。而散佈在溶液中的磁性粒子會因為磁力及凡得瓦力而聚集，所以一般都會在小粒子周圍覆蓋一層介面活性劑，防止發生『沈澱』的聚集現象。磁流體具有磁性特徵及流體特徵，磁性特徵是磁流體的居禮溫度和一般鐵磁固體相當，而且在外加磁場時磁性顆粒會連接成磁柱，而流體特徵則表現在其具有各式各樣的、流動性、黏滯性、揮發性、飽和性及導熱性。我分別將磁流體薄膜在加入不同磁增率的磁場、不同大小的電場、混入液晶等的狀態下，做各種的光柵樣本。接著再打入平行光，觀察繞涉圖形，其中加入磁場的，磁性顆粒會連接成磁柱，縱切面會形成點狀的六角行有序結構，非常適合做光柵，繞涉圖形是一七彩圓環。加入電場的，並沒有規則的排列，沒有如加上磁場般有規律的變化，但是觀察到很多磁性顆粒的擾動和聚集，還有電極邊界的一些變化。而加入液晶混和均勻之後，為一個比原本顏色更深黑的流體，磁流體的粒子即固定不動，成黑色團塊混合乳白色的液晶，對電場磁場都沒有反應。就實驗觀察到的，我們發現了，最是合作光柵的是在磁場下的磁流體，而電場對磁流體的結構也有一定的影響，在探討光柵的實驗中，也觀察到了很多磁流體的特殊現象。

The results of the thermal diffusion experimental show that the separation efficient\r increases with increasing ΔT, but decreases with increasing Q at C0 constant. When\r Q is kept constant, the efficient of change ΔT are small, and the maximum at C0 about\r 545 mg/L. The purification efficient of raw water for thermal diffusion is low.\r And it is high energy consumption, difficult operation, and high costs. So the potential\r of the application is low. Therefore, the vertical circulatory laminar flow apparatus\r was developed in this study. And the separation equation of this apparatus was also\r set up. The results of vertical circulatory laminar flow experimental show that\r the efficient increase with increasing V, and the optimum conditions are at about\r Q= 1.05 L/min, C0=800±50 mg/L, and V=26 cm/min. The separation efficient of the\r vertical circulatory laminar flow apparatus is higher than thermal diffusion apparatus.\r And its energy consumption and costs are low, and easy to operate. Since all interior\r moveable plates have two operation sides, so the multiple channel apparatus is application.\r Therefore, the multiple channel apparatus can treat large amount raw water and has\r low costs. The efficient of the experimental all are better than the theoretical\r values that may due to: (1)the assumed partical diameter is too small,(2)the flow\r is not real laminar flow, and (3)the end-side effect is not considerate. \r 熱擴散實驗結果顯示在固定C0下，分離成效隨ΔT增加而增高，但隨進料流率增加而降低。在固定ΔT下，分離效率亦隨進料流率增加而降低。固定進料流率下，增加ΔT對分離效果的影響不大，以C0=545±10\r mg/L時，顯現出最佳成效。採用熱擴散裝置雖對降低原水中之懸浮微粒含量效果有限，且能源需求高，造成高成本和操作複雜，不具實用潛力。為提高分離原水微粒之成率，以及簡化操作與降低成本，本研究開發垂直旋轉帶裝置來製造出上下循環水流，並導出水流與微粒於其中之流速分布式，以及頂部、底部出口之微粒濃度計算式。垂直循環轉帶實驗結果，顯示提高V值有助於降低Ct/Cb比值；Q=\r 1.05 L/min左右、C0=800±50 mg/L下與V在26 cm/min左右，均有較低之Ct/Cb比值。垂直旋轉帶裝置分離成效明顯優於熱擴散裝置，且設備簡單、能源需求低與操作容易。由於旋轉帶之兩面均可以做為移動平板，因此不僅可以用來處理大量之高濁度原水，也能更具經濟效益。由理論與實驗結果之比較，顯示理論成效較實驗差，探討其原因可能是：(1)平均粒徑之假設值偏低、(2)流場並非全然以層流流動、(3)兩端終端效應未加考慮等。

我們的研究重心是設計簡便的裝置來檢測生活周邊的用水 · 利用生物對於環境污染的生理特徵、活動力、忍受極限 … 等變化，作觀察、實驗之後，將紀錄結果分析、做成表格，進而形成明確、簡易的指標，以供給一般人更容易的了解用水的品質。本實驗不必使用昂貴的儀器來檢測河水與用水，成本低廉的水生生物為本實驗的最佳選擇 · 可於任何地點完成，作為大及化的檢測方法，本實驗參考水樣急性檢測方法一水蚤靜水式，以水蚤在不同眾屬離子、酸鹼值溶液中的實驗結果，用以做為分析水質的標準，佐證我們生活圈附近的水質現況。Our point of study is design the simple and convenient device to measure the water with peripheral life. Utilize the living beings to the physiological characteristic , energy of the environmental pollution, stand limit. Wait for and change, after making observation , experiment. noting down the result will be analysed , make into the form , and then form the clear , simple and easy index , in order to supply common people with the quality of easier understanding water. This experiment needn’t use the expensive instrument to measure river and water . the best choice of the experiment that the cost is based on living beings cheap aquatically. Can finish in any place , as the popular detection method. This experiment consults the acute detection method of water sample — Water flea’s quiet ability of swimming. with the experimental result in different metal and ion sour soda value solution of water flea, use the standard taking making as water quality of analysis, prove the present situation of water quality of adjacent place of our life range.

本研究嘗試以沒有經濟價值之農業廢棄物，經由化學反應轉換為氫能源，並藉由化工程序來達到連續製程。 我們用爛掉的香蕉為基質，從校園及生活周遭的環境尋找產氫微生物，發現可生產氫氣之微生物隨處可得。在培養溫度35℃下，選擇不同濃度之基質，發現基質濃度與產氫量成正比，且產氫微生物適合在弱酸（約pH=5.5）環境中生長。 以此條件進行連續式反應，當反應槽體積為700ml時，經過26小時後，槽內基質消耗殆盡，此時開始連續進料，當進料流速為138毫升/小時，則水力停留時間為11.67小時，產氫量為5.43升/天，最後連接氫燃料電池，可得到連續產生的電能。另外本實驗也以爛木瓜進行批次反應，同樣也能獲得氫氣。 經由實驗結果可得知，利用農業廢棄物為基質，可運用化工程序發展為連續產氫製程，且應用於實務上，能提升全球環保的概念，我們期待能開創一個能取代「碳經濟」的「氫經濟」。

高分子發光二極體為導電高分子之熱門研究課題，因其有低成本、製程簡易、可大面積化之優點為無機高分子發光二極體所缺乏，所以受到學術界與工業界之注目。由於高分子發光二極體其有廣視角、高答應速度、低驅動電壓、可製成撓曲式元件等特質，極具成為下一世代顯示器之潛力。高分子聚苯胺為高分子發光材料中，具有低驅動電壓與高發光效率之優點，故本研究將之選為電洞傳遞層材料。但唯一缺點就是不易溶於溶劑中，所以在實驗驗中有安排質子酸摻雜的步驟，就是為了要改變高分子的電性、磁性、光學性質或結構，同時導電度也隨之增加。本研究以ITO基板改質及無電極電鍍為研究主軸，以此來增加其之性能。改質ITO基板目的，是希望使得ITO陽極表面平坦化且可促使電洞注入，進而增加發光層材料附著力與阻隔電子直接導入陽極之特性，故可增加元件之發光亮度。而使用無電極電鍍法，因為其不須通電就能進行電鍍的反應，行成的薄膜也很均勻。所以採用無電極電鍍法，來完成電鍍的步驟。The polymer light emitting diodes is one of the most important study projects in the field of the conducting polymer due to the low production costs、 simple production process、great surface products that the organic light emitting diodes can not achieved. The purpose of this study is try to utilize the polyaniline as the electric hole transfer layer, and the MEH-PPV as the light emitting layer. The disadvantages of the polyaniline are the low solubility in solvents that was improved by doping proton acids. The performance of the indium-tin oxide was improved by the self-assembling method that made the surface of the ITO became more smooth to help the electric hole injection of electrions. And the aluminum cathode was produced by the electrode less plating.