核醣核酸蛋白粒之K 蛋白基因表現及功能之研究
核糖核酸蛋白粒之K 蛋白具有多種功能，可參與在基因轉錄和蛋白質轉譯等過程。我們發現\r 一新奇的cDNA 較已報告的K 蛋白cDNA 少了72 個核?酸，分別命名為S 形與L 形。由基因\r 組DNA 的分析，S 形可能是經由替代剪接少了第8 個exon 所形成。以西方墨點法分析細胞中\r 的K 蛋白，亦證明有S 形存在，其表現量較少且多存在於細胞核中。為了探究兩種K 蛋白等\r 形的表現和功能，我們以PCR 偵測K 蛋白在不同組織與細胞株和人類乳腺腫瘤組織中的RNA\r 表現，結果顯示主要以L 形為主;我們並將S 形與L 形K 蛋白分別轉染至人類乳癌細胞株MCF7\r 中，以抗生素篩選出穩定表現K 蛋白之細胞株，生長速率分析顯示表現S 形之細胞株生長速\r 率較慢，其分子機轉仍有待研究。另外在比對K 蛋白之基因組DNA 時，除了在第九對色體\r 上有完整之K 蛋白基因組DNA，我們亦發現在第2、3、5 及11 對染色體上有類似K 蛋白基\r 因的序列，以cDNA 的形式存在，這些DNA 序列是否可以表現RNA 及其意義為何，目前尚\r 不清楚。Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is a multifunctional protein known to be\r involved in the regulation of transcription, translation, nuclear transport and signal transduction. We\r have identified an alternative splicing transcript of hnRNP K lacking exon 8. This novel isoform\r (named S form compares to L form of full-length hnRNP K) encodes a protein that is 24 amino acids\r depletion between RNA binding KH1 and KH2 domain. To explore the functional roles of both isoforms,\r we detect their expression in several tissues (including liver, lung, kidney and heart), cell lines (MCF7,\r 293T, HeLa, NIH3T3, WEHI, P388D1) and specimens of human mammary gland tumor by RT- PCR.\r The results showed that L form was expressed in all samples, whereas S form was only expressed in cell\r lines. Using Western blotting analysis, we found that L form existed in both cytosol and nuclear\r fractions, and little amount of S form was detected in the nuclear extract. Furthermore, we construct the\r MCF7 cell lines that stably expressed S form or L form hnRNP K. Growth rate analysis indicates that\r the overexpression of S form of hnRNP K could decrease cell growth rate. The molecular mechanisms\r of growth inhibition by S form hnRNP K are to be further investigated. On the other hand, when we\r blast the human genomic genebank, we found except the chromosome 9 containing complete hnRNP K\r genomic DNA, there are near complete hnRNP K cDNA sequence appears in chromosome 2, 3, 5, and 11.\r The meaning of these sequences is unclear.
環境因子影響美洲蜚蠊觸角擺動模式之研究
本研究以攝影紀錄的方式，透過電腦進行影像分析，記錄不同刺激下美洲蜚蠊(Periplaneta americana)的觸角擺動模式，計算出各項觸角運動的參數，以瞭解光線(光刺激或光適應)、震動刺激、喝水與進食對其觸角行為的影響。我們發現在不同因子的刺激下，觸角擺動的模式具有差異，若兩種不同的刺激同時發生，蜚蠊觸角的行為亦具整合性的反應。蜚蠊於不同狀態下(如喝水或進食)，對相同的刺激有不同的反應，證明蜚蠊觸角的行為模式，受環境因子與個體狀態調節。透過掃瞄式電子顯微鏡的觀察，也發現觸角具多種感覺毛，且雌雄的感覺毛的分佈與數量具有差異。綜合以上發現，證明觸角除了為敏感的受器，亦為能反映出生理與環境狀態的動器，同時也適合進行發展檢測器的仿生學應用，用來檢測環境中物理及化學因子。The aim of this study is to investigate the different swing motion modes of antennae of American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) by computer-aided Imaging Analysis. The parameters of each swing movement were calculated in order to analyze how light (including light stimulation or light adaptation), vibration, food and drinking water may affect the antennae behavior of American cockroach. It was found that the antennae swing motion modes were significantly different under different types of stimulus. If two different types of stimulus occurred at the same time, the reactions of antennae motion may become conformable. Under different environmental conditions (such as food or water), same stimulus may result in different reactions. The antennae behavior has shown to be significantly affected by environmental conditions and individual physiological status. Through the observation with scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was found that the antennae has many types of sensilla; and the distribution and quantity of these sensilla are significant different between sexes. In conclusion, not only the antennae are considered as the sensitive receptors, but also they are the important effectors to reflect physiological status and environmental conditions. The current model is suitable for the development of specific detectors in the applications of Bionics to detect the physical and chemical factors in certain environments.
直角三角形生成關係的研究與發展
k(2αβ ,α2 ? β2,α2 + β2 )是大家熟悉畢氏定理的通式解，且一般書籍的証明大都採用代數的手法證明。以國中生而言，上述的代數方對國中生來說不夠直接且較無推展的實用性。因此幾何觀點出發發展另一種思考方式，利用角平線的性質給予畢氏定理比例解另一種全新的詮釋，並賦予比例解中的參數α 、β 在幾何的意義。在推理的過程中，我們得到一個相當有用的對應關係：一個有理數對應到一個直角三角形、兩個有理數對應到海倫三角形，再將此對應關係運用到各種幾何圖形上面，即可證明出他們所對應的通式解。最後我的興趣鎖定在海倫三角形、完美海倫多邊形與超完美海倫多邊形上的做圖方法上，善用我們所發展的對應關係，上述的問題皆可迎刃而解。k(2αβ ,α2 ? β2,α2 + β2 ) is a popular formula in Pythagoras Theory, often proved in algebra approach among books. Nevertheless, in light of junior high students, the aforementioned algebra method is neither direct nor practical. Hence, a different thinking method is derived from geometry perspective, using the straight line concept to reinterpret Pythagoras Theory and define the geometric meanings of α andβ . In the process of logical development, a useful correlation emerges: a rational number correlates with a straight-angled triangle, and two rational numbers correlate with Heron Triangle. This correlation can be applied to all kinds of geometrical diagrams to prove the correlated homogenous solution. Ultimately, my interest lies in the diagram methods of Heron Triangle, Perfect Heron Polygon, and Super Perfect Heron Polygon in order to apply our developed correlations to solve the above mentioned problems.
鉤盲蛇(Ramphotyphlops braminus)捕獵四部曲
Feeding behavior is the action which animals depend on maintain livelihood. Snakes usually use the three following ways to catch their preys: winding, venom-releasing and pressing their game to death. However, previews study is rare about the feeding behavior of Ramphotyphlops braminus. This puzzles us, prompting us to do in-depth research on it. When performing an experiment, we will use the camera with infrared function to record entire experiment and the obtained data will transform the graph. Our result shows the feeding behavior of R.braminus is a new way to catch their game, and the minute process of this special way is also written down in our report. We hope that the result can let everyone be clear about Ramphotyphlops braminus of soil ecosystem status, and it is an essential contribution for building the archive of Family Typhlopidae. 攝食行為是動物賴以維生的行為。在蛇類中，常見的捕捉方式有：纏繞、 使用毒液、壓斃等三種類型。但，文獻中卻沒有任何有關於鉤盲蛇(Ramphotyphlops braminus)的捕食行為。這使我們感到疑惑，並想深入探討。在實驗進行當中，我們使用紅外線攝影機將實驗全程錄製下來，並將所得的數據轉化成圖表。而其結果顯示鉤盲蛇(Ramphotyphlops braminus)的捕食行為是一種全新的模式，這種模式的詳細過程也被我們全部收錄到報告中。我們希望做出來的結果能讓大家對鉤盲蛇(Ramphotyphlops braminus)在土壤生態系中的地位更加了解，而且對於建立盲蛇科(Typhlopidae)資料庫有實質的貢獻。
半屏山之簷下姬鬼蛛的研究
The spiders, Neoscona nautica, often appear in groups, but individuals have their own sense of territory.They usually spin webs among branches during 6:00~ 8:00 in the evening. When building webs, they will first start with bridges and then spin Y-shaped spokes. Next, they spin meshe of net, silk frame, spokes, spirals and free-zone in order. After finishing webs, they will wait for prey on the free-zone or meshe of net. If they find something inanimate on the web, they will break the spiral attached with the inanimate object that is later removed. If the meshe of net is broken, they will fix it immediately. For them, the time to take webs back is during 2:30~ 6:00 in the morning. Most time they use the first pair and the second pair of legs to take webs back and swallow the webs. Sometimes, they break the spirals by the last pair of legs. The sequence to take webs back is : lower right section, lower middle section, lower left section, upper left section, and upper right section. At last, one thread of bridge will be left. Every early mornings they take webs back and swallow them. The next evening they rebuild webs. Possibly there are two reasons to explain why spiders eat their webs: (1).They swallow webs to get protein. (2).The web threads are easily polluted by dust and humidity and reduce stickiness. The web may also reduce the probability of capturing prey. The body length of them is not related to effective web dimensions. However, the web sizes depend on the width of web-building location. The study shows linear relation among body length, meshe of net and dimensions of free-zone. The linear relation represents that the meshe of net and free-zone have ecological or survival meaning for them. We expect that this study of Neoscona nautica can be helpful to build spider ecological database in Taiwan.簷下姬鬼蛛常成群出現，但個體卻有很強的領域性；常於下午6：00 至8：00 結網於樹枝間，結網時，先以橋絲為出發，織出一Y 形的縱絲，再由此依序織出中空網眼、絲框、縱絲、橫絲、棲息圈，網結好後，簷下姬鬼蛛則在棲息圈或網眼靜候獵物，若發現網上有非生物之異物，則將黏住異物的橫絲弄斷，再把網上的異物丟棄；若網眼被破壞，則會立即修補。收網時間為凌晨2：30 至凌晨6：00，收網時，大部分由第一、二對步足進行收網，偶爾會用最後一對步足將橫絲弄斷，一邊收網一邊將網吞食，收網的順序為：右下、中下、左下、左上、右上，最後留下一條橋絲。簷下姬鬼蛛每天清晨都會收網，並將網吃掉，翌日傍晚再重新結網，其可能原因有兩點：(1)將網吃掉以補充蛋白質。(2)蛛絲容易受灰塵、水氣之污染而減小黏性，降低獵捕功效。簷下姬鬼蛛體長與有效網面積無關，但網的大小視其結網地點寬敞程度而定。體長與網眼、棲息圈面積呈線性關係，表示網眼和棲息圈對簷下姬鬼蛛具有生態或生存意義。我們對簷下姬鬼蛛生態調查之結果，希望能幫助台灣的蜘蛛生態資料庫之建立。
外觀數列
The Look and Say sequence is produced by describing the appearance of the previous row. For example, start with “1,” which can be described as “one 1,” and therefore the second row is “11,” which is "two 1s," making the third row “21,” the fourth row “1211,”and so on. The main goal of this study is to work out the exact formula for this sequence, which means given the row number n, we can know at once what the n-th row is without having to start from the first row and doing the look-and-say iteration for n-1 times. Some of the methods used include dividing groups, repetition and cracks. The formula we derived speeds up the calculation and gives us a better understanding of the look and say sequence.「外觀數列」為依照外觀產生下一列的數列，第一列為「1」，第二列描述第一列「1 個1」而為「11」，第三列則描述第二列「2 個1」而為「21」，第四列「1211」，依此類推。本研究針對外觀數列的各項數學性質作研究探討，並由此推導出外觀數列的一般式，即給定第n 列就可知道該列的內容。我們運用了分組、重複性以及裂縫的方法分析數列，最後得到了其一般式，此一般式有助於運算速度的加快以及我們對數列性質的了解。