臺灣

中文摘要：\r 本研究旨在探討，在TCP/IP 協定之下，最大網路傳輸效率之MTU\r （Maximum Transmission Unit,最大傳輸單位）值。根據IEEE 所公\r 佈Ethernet 之標準，經實地模擬實驗，本研究之結論如下：（1）在\r 單純兩台電腦直接串接時，由於幾乎無任何干擾與封包的碰撞，可設\r 定之MTU 最大值以1500bytes 為最佳；（2）但在模擬真實的大型廣域\r 網路時，由於碰撞增加及雜訊增多，經模擬實驗顯示，MTU 值為\r 1500bytes 時無法在資料傳送、接收及重組時取得平衡，最佳之MTU\r 值落於500 到600bytes 之間，進一步研究顯示MTU 值設在500 到\r 600bytes 時可提升傳輸效率約50%。同時，本研究亦討論將此機制應\r 用於未來新網路標準之可行性及其必要性。Abstract：\r The main purpose of this research is to explore the best network\r transmission efficiency's Maximum Transmission Unit under TCP/IP\r protocol. According to the Ethernet's standard of IEEE and simulated\r experiments, the outcome of this research are :( 1) When connecting two\r computers serially, there is almost no interference and impact of packets,\r the best MTU that we can set up is 1500bytes ;( 2)When simulating the\r truly wide area network, interference and impact are rising. The result of\r this simulates experiment shows that when MTU is at 1500bytes, it's\r unable to keep balance when sending, receiving and re-composing. The\r best new MTU is between 500bytes and 600bytes. And when MTU is\r between 500bytes and 600bytes, the network transmission efficiency can\r be promoted about 50% higher. At the same time, the research is also\r discussing the feasibility and necessity of applying it to the standard of\r the future network.

人類目前廣泛的應用奈米鑽石，奈米鑽石粒子極為微小因此很容易進入生物體內，對於生物體所產生的影響為本次的研究對象：奈米鑽石、奈米磁性粒子之生物毒性與其在生物體的分布。\r 加入奈米鑽石、奈米磁性粒子之後綠豆發芽數減少。發芽的綠豆中加入不同量的奈米鑽石、奈米磁性粒子，發現濃度越高生長速度越慢。在綠豆吸收奈米鑽石、奈米磁性粒子後，在根、莖、葉細胞內都有發現奈米鑽石、奈米磁性粒子。在麵包蟲的研究中發現，在0.25克濃度下，有些微的影響，而在0.75克和1克之影響甚大。在人類胎盤滋養層細胞中，發現加入奈米鑽石800微克以上對其有毒性。在細胞的分布，可發現細胞質及細胞核中都有奈米鑽石，當細胞內太多或作用太久時，會出現細胞凋亡的現象，此時奈米鑽石會大量聚集在細胞核，這可能是造成細胞死亡的原因之一。本研究意外發現在細胞分裂時，奈米鑽石只分布在細胞核周圍的細胞質，但是在赤道板及染色體上並沒有。

Drought and inundation are two unusual natural disasters in Taiwan. The two natural disasters\r have some relation of abnormal rainfall become more and more in Taiwan. So it let me think about\r can climate vicissitudes make the chance of abnormal rainfall become more?\r The study have researched the chance of abnormal rainfall by "rainfall duration" and "total\r rainfall". It collect the day by day total rainfall from 1960 to July 2002, collect locals are Taipei,\r Taichung, Kaohsiung and Hualien. Than enter the data into the computer, let computer calculation\r total rainfall, rainfall days, heavy rain days, pouring rain days and torrential rain days. Then\r analysis the tendency of long-term change.\r According to the analysis, the chance of abnormal rainfall happened become more in Taipei,\r Taichung, Kaohsiung and Hualien. The ratio of Hualien and Kaohsiung is the most obviously. It's\r also find that there temperature and total evaporate became higher, the total sunshine duration\r became lower. Then El Nino have some influence in abnormal rainfal. In El Nino year, total rainfall\r will become lower. When La Nina year, the total rainfall will become more in Taipei and Hualien.\r Then the long influence is clearly in Taipei.\r 乾旱與水災是台灣地區相當常見的二項天災，這二項災害的發生都與異常降水有直接的\r 關係。近年來台灣地區因異常降水造成的天然災害，似乎有逐年增加的趨勢。因此讓人聯想\r 到氣候變遷是否會導致異常降水頻率增加。\r 本研究主要由「降雨時數」與「降雨量」二方面探討異常降水發生頻率。先收集台北、\r 台中、高雄、花蓮四地自1960 年至2002 年七月三十一日之逐日雨量資料，將資料輸入電腦\r 後，統計各站歷年降雨量、降雨日數、大雨、豪雨、暴雨日數，並分析長期變化趨勢。\r 分析結果，台北、台中、高雄、花蓮四地異常降水發生機率，有增加的情形；其中以花\r 蓮及高雄變化的比例最高。再與其他各地氣象要素比較可發現，可能與氣溫及蒸發量數上升，\r 以及日照時數縮短有關。另外聖嬰現象也可能對異常降水有長期性的影響。一般而言聖嬰年\r 雨量減少，反聖嬰年台北、花蓮地區雨量反而會增加。而長期性的影響，以台北地區最顯著。

本實驗目的在於嘗試降解傳統塑膠材料。實驗中選用極為常見的傳統塑膠，聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇ploy ethylene terephthalate (PET)，與生物可分解材料，聚乳酸poly lactic acid (PLA)，將兩者以不同比例物理性混摻，並以豬胰線脂肪酵素Lipase from porcine pancreas, TypeⅡ (PPL)進行降解，期望藉由生分解材料可被完全分解的特性牽引傳統塑膠材料進行降解。\r 本實驗共分兩階段：第一階段實驗中，將共溶劑揮發製膜進行降解，但由於溶劑法所留下的孔洞，影響了降解速率；因此，在第二階段實驗中，改以熱壓的方式製膜解決孔洞問題，並於降解後以儀器分析降解情形。結果發現：混合薄膜經降解後熔點有下降的趨勢，此可佐證確實可以生分解材料PLA牽引傳統塑膠料PET進行降解，且降解速率和結晶情形和分子鏈段纏繞程度有關，在PET與PLA濃度同為3%時降解情形最佳。

在一次課外進行的示範實驗中，化學老師用玻棒將KNO3的飽和溶液塗在白紙上上，以吹風機把水吹乾後，以線香去點塗過KNO3的地方，會發現火星會沿著塗過KNO3的軌跡燃燒，示範後，我們實際操作，發現KCIO3也有這種特質，於是有人嘗試以KNO3加上KCIO3的溶液進行實驗，意外的發現在實驗進行時，軌跡之前端會出現小小的球(爆燃)，邊滾邊燒，且球中有一些氣體，為得知這是什麼，於是設計，進行以下的實驗。

Feeding behavior is the action which animals depend on maintain livelihood. Snakes usually use the three following ways to catch their preys: winding, venom-releasing and pressing their game to death. However, previews study is rare about the feeding behavior of Ramphotyphlops braminus. This puzzles us, prompting us to do in-depth research on it. When performing an experiment, we will use the camera with infrared function to record entire experiment and the obtained data will transform the graph. Our result shows the feeding behavior of R.braminus is a new way to catch their game, and the minute process of this special way is also written down in our report. We hope that the result can let everyone be clear about Ramphotyphlops braminus of soil ecosystem status, and it is an essential contribution for building the archive of Family Typhlopidae. 攝食行為是動物賴以維生的行為。在蛇類中，常見的捕捉方式有：纏繞、 使用毒液、壓斃等三種類型。但，文獻中卻沒有任何有關於鉤盲蛇(Ramphotyphlops braminus)的捕食行為。這使我們感到疑惑，並想深入探討。在實驗進行當中，我們使用紅外線攝影機將實驗全程錄製下來，並將所得的數據轉化成圖表。而其結果顯示鉤盲蛇(Ramphotyphlops braminus)的捕食行為是一種全新的模式，這種模式的詳細過程也被我們全部收錄到報告中。我們希望做出來的結果能讓大家對鉤盲蛇(Ramphotyphlops braminus)在土壤生態系中的地位更加了解，而且對於建立盲蛇科(Typhlopidae)資料庫有實質的貢獻。

The Look and Say sequence is produced by describing the appearance of the previous row. For example, start with “1,” which can be described as “one 1,” and therefore the second row is “11,” which is "two 1s," making the third row “21,” the fourth row “1211,”and so on. The main goal of this study is to work out the exact formula for this sequence, which means given the row number n, we can know at once what the n-th row is without having to start from the first row and doing the look-and-say iteration for n-1 times. Some of the methods used include dividing groups, repetition and cracks. The formula we derived speeds up the calculation and gives us a better understanding of the look and say sequence.「外觀數列」為依照外觀產生下一列的數列，第一列為「1」，第二列描述第一列「1 個1」而為「11」，第三列則描述第二列「2 個1」而為「21」，第四列「1211」，依此類推。本研究針對外觀數列的各項數學性質作研究探討，並由此推導出外觀數列的一般式，即給定第n 列就可知道該列的內容。我們運用了分組、重複性以及裂縫的方法分析數列，最後得到了其一般式，此一般式有助於運算速度的加快以及我們對數列性質的了解。

日照影響花芽分化及生長試植物生理學上的重要課題,根據相關文獻指出,蛋白質類型的變化是影響開化的重要關鍵,大豆是短日照植物,分別以長日照(LD18hr/DAY)和短日照(SD6hr/DAY)處理,抽取葉片中的蛋白質以SDS-PAGE.2D-SDS-PAGE分析,SDS-PAGE的實驗姐果顯示出在分子量25.2 32.9 38.6 20.6 64.0 100.6 kDa處中的蛋白質SD比LD的量多,但是在分子量16.8kDa以下的蛋白質LD含有高濃度而自SD只有一點,我們使用2D-SDS-PAGE做進一步的分析,SD與LD分為三個區塊討論(SD1-3 LD1-3)有許多蛋白自LD1.LD3出現,但在SD1 SD3中未出現,可能有抑制花芽分化的作用,而在SD2中有多個高濃度蛋白出現,可能在花芽分化上扮演重角色,其中編號P1 P2的蛋白質有較明顯的變化,根據NCBI網站上的資料顯示,P1蛋白質與光敏素C有關,而P2蛋白質則沒有找到分子量等電點類似的蛋白質;The effects of photoeriod on floral initation and develoment is an imporant phyiological subject and have studed ve he past 70 years. Accrding to the reference, polypeptide partten plays an important rolein photoperiodic induction. Soybean s a SD(short day)plant. So we planted them with 6-h(short day,SD)and 18-h(long day,LD)photoperiods. Total proteins n leaves of soyban were extracted from the vegetable,SD and LD. And using SDS-PAGE and 2-D eloctrophoresis to analyze. 25.2,32.9,38.6,50.6,64.0,and 100.6kDa polypeptides in SDS-PAGE were always present in leavess at SD but only a little bands f the polypeptides appeared at LD. And many polypeptides whose molecular weight(Mw)is below 16.8 kDa had higher concentration at LD ad Reduced at SD. We found three different areas(SD1~3,LD1~3) and analyze them. Many proteins were found n LD1,LD3 and reduced in SD2,SD5. Possibly, these polypeptides found in LD1 and LD3 play an important role in restraining floral iniiation in soybean. Many proeins had more concentration in SD2. Probably, they play an important role in photoperiodic induction and floral initiation. We found a protein labeled P1 in SD2 and it is with molecular weight(Mw) of 36kDa at isoelectric point(pI) of5.2, and it may be related to cytochromeC. We also found protein labeled P2 in SD2 and it is with molecular weight(Mw) of 40.2kDa at isoelectric point(pI)of 5.4, and we couldn't find any protein that has the similary Mw and pI in potein database about flowering and daylength.

The paper is to research the method how to prevent the torque down under the higher rotation of the single cylinder with two stroke’s engine and increasing the engine’s torque oppositely. By the process of adjusting （1）changing the weight and the position of the balance block（2） adjusting the exhausting time of the outlet valve（3）to decrease the weight and structure of the crank itself adequately. it is find that the engine’s torque was increased at the situation of higher rotational engine. After the adjusting of the process we have the following result：（1）at the higher revolution zone of the engine. the torque can be maintained and increased（2）the higher revolute efficiently value can be obtained by the correct adjusting of the exhaust time of the outlet valve without increasing the fuel.本研究主要是探討單汽缸二行程高轉速引擎在高轉速時扭力能延遲下降，使扭力增加。我們是利用二行程引擎高效率的結構和現有空間來提升引擎效能。經(1)改變曲軸配重塊之重量及位子移動 (2)調整引擎排氣時間 (3)適度減輕曲軸重量及結構等三項，改良後證明，確定能使扭力提升，和延伸到較高的轉速區。經過調整程序，可獲下列重要結果：(1)在引擎高轉速時，可增加較大的扭力值 (2)藉由適當的排氣時間調整，在不增加燃油供給條件下，可獲得較高的迴轉效率。

因為在我們高中所學到的細胞中，粒線體是提供細胞能量的重要胞器，所以細胞凋亡時，粒線體一定也參其中。 \r 本研究發現200μM過氧化氫(H2O2)作用6小時後存活率就低於50%，而誘發細胞死亡的過程中，我們發現細胞質內的粒線體有變的越來越稀疏情況，且集中在細胞核四周的粒線體也減少許多，其結構也變的鬆散不完整。最後在細胞核出現DNA被切成小片段時，粒線體的型態及結構完全消失，粒線體的量減少到極微量，這致使細胞完全沒有能量供給而死亡。 \r 結論告訴我們細胞的死亡跟粒線體的功能喪失及形態破壞有極大的關係。