Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 對細胞內DNA damage修補的調控
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)是一個細胞核內的酵素，它可以被因DNA damage\r 而形成的DNA片段活化，並將NAD(+)上的ADP-ribose轉載到結合蛋白質。這些結合蛋白質對\r 於DNA的合成、DNA的修補、以及細胞週期的調控都有關係。因此，PARP-1被認為是維持基\r 因完整性的重要角色。根據初步的研究，抑制PARP-1的活性對許多疾病的治療都可能有效，\r 其中包括癌症、心臟病、中風、糖尿病、發炎以及反轉錄病毒的感染。然而，以藥物抑制一\r 個對DNA修補這麼重要的酵素會有什麼潛在的問題呢？為了要得到解答，我們需要進一步了\r 解PARP-1在DNA damage反應的機能。在這一份報告中，我製造了一個失去活性的PARP-1突變\r 種，即E988K。經過對E988K詳細的研究，我將比較及分析PARP-1野生型與E988K之間不一樣\r 的互動蛋白質，希望能對PARP-1所控制的DNA修補有更進一步的了解。\r \r \r Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme activated by DNA strand breaks\r during DNA damage response and catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose units from the substrate NAD(+)\r to acceptor proteins. These acceptor proteins involve in modulation of chromatin structure, DNA\r synthesis, DNA repair, transcription, and cell cycle control. Thus, PARP-1 is believed to play an\r important role in maintaining genome integrity through modulation of protein-protein and protein-DNA\r interactions. PARP-1 has been the target for design of inhibitors for over twenty-five years. Inhibitors of\r the activity of PARP-1 have been claimed to have applications in the treatment of many disease states,\r including cancer, cardiac infarct, stroke, diabetes, inflammation and retroviral infection. However, are\r there potential problems associated with inhibition of this DNA-repair enzyme? To answer this question,\r we need to further understand the biological function of PARP-1 during DNA damage response. In this\r report, an enzyme dead mutant (E988K) of PARP-1 was generated. Detailed studies of E988K show that\r E988K could be used in the following studies. Compare and identify the different associated proteins of\r PARP-1 wild-type and E988K will shed light into the molecular mechanism of PARP-1-mediated DNA\r repair.
豆類澱粉?抑制劑之研究與應用
豆類澱粉?抑制劑具害蟲防治與血糖調節之功效。本研究從台灣五種豆類中進行澱粉?抑制劑活性初篩，篩選出四季豆對麗蠅的澱粉?有明顯的抑制效果，粗萃後分離純化出單一蛋白質，經胺基酸定序結果得到兩個多?片段-VGLDFVLV 與TETSFNIDG ， 與已發表文獻比對推測為腰豆澱粉?抑制劑—αAI-1。經測試發現此抑制劑在85℃時仍具備抑制果蠅澱粉?之活性，為一熱安定性蛋白質，其抑制作用受pH 值影響很大，在偏酸性環境下的效果最好，且其抑制作用具特異性，可明顯抑制果蠅、入侵紅火蟻、白蟻、蟑螂及麵包蟲等昆蟲的澱粉?活性。在調節血糖方面，本研究利用豬胰臟澱粉?進行抑制活性測試，篩選出四季豆、花豆與黑豆對豬胰臟澱粉?有明顯的抑制效果，進一步利用Wistar 品系大鼠，進行豆類澱粉?抑制劑降血糖功效之活體試驗，將四季豆、花豆和黑豆粗萃經濃縮乾燥後餵食大鼠，發現花豆、黑豆在第一小時具有顯著抑制血糖增加效果；四季豆、黑豆在第三小時血糖回升，花豆仍可維持較低血糖濃度。此初步結果顯示，花豆粗萃物可能具備減緩消化吸收作用，具應用潛能，其確切分子作用機制值得深入探究。Amylase inhibitors can be applied in pest control and glucose adjustments. The study screens Phaseolus vulgaris from five Taiwan’s beans that has the most significant inhibition towards Chrysomia megacephala. The protein was isolated and sequenced two fragments, -VGLDFVLV and TETSFNIDG, highly homologous to that of αAI-1 from Phaseolus vulgaris. The pure protein still inhibits the amylase from Drosophila melanogaster at 85℃, suggesting it is thermal-stable. Its activity was specific and was affected by pH, reaching the peak in weak acidic condition. It obviously inhibits amylases from D. melanogaster, Solenopsis invicta, Odontotermes formosanus, Periplaneta Americana Linnaeus, and Alphitobius sp. In addiction, the study points out Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus coccineus L. and Glycine max, which have significant inhibition toward pancreatic amylase. The amylase inhibitors’ functions of decreasing in blood glucose were detected by animal experiments on Wistar rats. The rats fed with the extracts of Phaseolus coccineus L. and Glycine max showed the inhibition of glucose increasing at the first hour, while blood glucose concentration after rats fed with Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max increase at the third hour, and blood glucose after rats fed with Phaseolus coccineus L. maintains low. Its premier result indicates that the extract from Phaseolus coccineus L. might postpones digestion and has potential to be applied. According to these results, amylase inhibitors are worthy to further analysis.
敬"屑"不敏 --- 皮屑芽孢菌生長之探討
由於本身有頭皮屑的煩惱，在使用各種洗髮精之後，一方面覺得大部分的洗髮精效果不是很好，另一方面也擔心抗屑洗髮精的成分對人體有害。所以有了研究頭皮屑的念頭，希望能找出減少頭皮屑的方法。\r 在與幾位皮膚科專門醫師討論後，醫師們都不建議在直接人體上進行減少頭皮屑的實驗。於是我們將研究的重點放在〝皮屑芽孢菌生長之探討〞，希望對皮屑芽孢菌有更深入的瞭解。除了洗髮精之外，我們也將研究各種廣為流傳的民間偏方是否能有效抑制皮屑芽孢菌生長。在這些民間偏方的蒐集可兩大類：一類是在日常生活中可以很容易取得的物質，如鹽、醋、大蒜、生薑、洋蔥等；另一類則是台灣特有的物質，如無患子、茶籽粉、竹醋液等。\r 我們希望透過研究方法能瞭解\r (一) 溫度、濕度、酸鹼度、油脂對皮屑芽孢菌生長的影響\r (二) 哪些物質可以抑制皮屑芽孢菌的生長\r (三) 不同稀釋濃度的物質抑制皮屑芽孢菌的生長的效果\r 為了避免繁複的數量計算(如菌數計算)，我們採用較多的對照比較(如抑制圈大小)。同時，我們設計了一個簡易的觀察與測量方法(稀釋法與抑菌指數)，來比較各種民間偏方\r 的抑菌效果。\r 研究與實驗分為四大項進行:\r (一) 基本生長環境之探討：溫度、濕度、酸鹼度、油脂對皮屑芽孢菌生長的影響\r (二) 民間偏方抑制效果之探討：鹽、醋、大蒜、生薑、洋蔥是否能抑制抑制皮屑芽孢菌的生長\r (三) 民間偏方抑制效果之比較(抑制圈)：比較各種物質的抑制圈大小\r (四) 民間偏方抑制效果之比較(稀釋法)：利用抑菌指數來比較各種物質的抑菌能力\r 經過研究，我們所蒐集到的民間偏方都有某種程度的抑菌效果，大致可以分為強效(蒜液、竹醋液、茶樹精油)、有效(食鹽水、食用醋、洋蔥液、檜木芬多精、茶籽粉)及普通(薑汁、無患子)三種效果。\r \r Since I have the serious dandruff problem, I try to seek, except the shampoo, the natural materials to decrease the dandruff. After consulting with some dermatologists, they suggest I can focus my research on the “Malassezia Furfur”, which is the major bacteria causing the dandruff.\r This project is designed for finding the materials which have the most powerful inhibition capability for the “Malassezia Furfur”. I collect some folk prescriptions from the internet that salt, vinegar, garlic and onion can decrease the dandruff. The problem is “Do they have good inhibition capability for the Malassezia Furfur too?”\r The goals of the research are as followed.\r (1) The exploration of the basic environmental factors for the growth of Malassezia Furfur, such as temperature, humidity, acidity & alkalinity.\r (2) What kinds of material have the good inhibition capability?\r (3) The comparison of inhibition capability of the different material with different consistency.\r We especially design a method called “Dilution metering and index” to compare the inhibition capability of the different material. By using very simple observation, this method will transfer the simple “Qualitative Analysis” to the result of complicated “Quantitative Analysis”. The “Dilution metering and index” is the major achievement of this project, and it is also the good way for the projects which are not equipped with the precision instrument for bacteria inhibition capability measurement.
倒車攝影機影像之變形校正
與傳統的鏡頭比較起來，廣角鏡頭可取得較大範圍的影像，所以廣泛地運用在很多地方，例如倒車攝影機、內視鏡、防盜警眼等，但是其影像會有很大的變形失真，容易造成人類眼睛的錯覺與誤判。本篇研究以倒車攝影機為例，使用了多項式函數來校正其影像的變形與失真，從程式實作的校正結果看來，我們的方法之效果還不錯，相信同樣的模式可用來校正其他使用廣角鏡頭的儀器設備之變形影像。 Compared with the traditional lens, wide-angle lens can make images of larger range, so they are widely used in a lot of places, such as move backward cine-cameras, laparoscopes, and burglarproof eyes. The drawback is that the images distort a lot and may cause the illusion to human eyes and lead to erroneous judgments. This reserch takes the backward cine-camera as example and utilizes multinomial function to correct the deformation and distortion of the image. The results show that the method we use are quite effective and the model can be applied to other equipment with wide-angle lens.
聚苯胺導電高分子在鐵系金屬防蝕上的應用與研究
聚苯胺導電高分子的發展蓬勃迅速，其應用也愈趨廣泛，金屬防蝕為其可能應用之一。台灣四面環海，工業發達，造成金屬腐蝕損害嚴重。本文為探討聚苯胺導電高分子在鐵系金屬防蝕上之應用，針對以下各點進行研究： ( 1）探討導電高分子聚苯胺性質與合成方法（2）探討聚苯胺導電原理（3）測試不同腐蝕條件下聚苯胺的防蝕效果（4）探討聚苯胺防蝕原理（5）各種氧化還原態聚苯胺防蝕效果之比較。實驗結果顯示塗布聚苯胺與未塗布聚苯胺之鐵系金屬（生鐵、不鏽鋼、鍍鋅鐵）在 3 ％氯化鈉、 0 . 5M 鹽酸、1M 鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕狀況，以鹼式中問氧化態聚苯胺（ Emeraldine base 。）最具防蝕效果。聚苯胺防蝕機構包含阻隔防護、腐蝕抑制劑、陽極保護、惰性化、形成保護性氧化物薄膜、阻礙離子擴散速率、電化學介面遷移等機構 ·The development and application of the conducting polymer polyaniline is getting prosperous and popular. One of the applications is corrosion protection. Because Taiwan is surrounded by sea and the pollution of industry is more and more serious than before the damage of corrosion is greater and should be properly controlled. In this paper, the authors attempted to study the effect of the corrosion protection of polyaniline in ferrous metal. This study could be divided into four parts: (1) the study of the property and synthesis methods for the conducting polymer polyaniline, (2) the conduction theory of the polymer polyaniline, (3) The corrosion protection effects of the polymer polyaniline under different corrosion situations, (4) the corrosion protection theory of the polymer polyaniline, and (5) the comparison of the corrosion protection effects of various polymer polyanilines. According to the experimental results the Erneraldine-based polyaniline gets the best corrosion protection effect. The mechanism of corrosion protection may be the result of the following ones: barrier protection, corrosion inhibitor, anode protection, innobeling, chemical active layer. inhibition of diffusion rate, and the shift of electrochemical interface.
網路監控與家庭自動化系統之研究
The paper presents a new technique for the Internet monition and control system. The user not only can “watch” the current operation of remote home appliances from the client computer, but also directly control the behavior of remote home appliances through the Internet network. In the mean while, concerning the interface between users and appliances, the virtual reality is combined into the system so that users operate the system easily. First, virtual reality, CGI , HEML . I/O control code, 8255 I/O card and CCD are applied in the server computer to control and “watch” home appliances. Next, the client computer is connected to the sever computer through the Internet WWW(World Wide Web) network. Then, the user can control remote home appliances directly through the homepage. Finally, the experiment results are presented and discussed.本研究提出一種高效率且易維護的網路監控技術，從遠端確實“看”到監控系統現場動作，並下達控制指令。同時顧慮到使用者操作介面，結合虛擬實境，讓使用者可更輕鬆操作。首先，伺服端結合VR(虛擬實境)、CGI技術、基本的HTML、I/O控制指令、8255 I/O介面卡及CCD(網路攝影機)，應用於家用電氣，接著用戶端透過WWW全球資訊網連上伺服端首頁，然後依首頁之畫面，來達到遠端監控與家庭自動化之目的。
誰能比我更善變???~ 釩鎵磷酸鹽的合成及其結構鑑定
This research tries to find out how changes of weight or proportion of a reactor would affect the type and structure of a crystal. In the experiment, the Hydrothermal reaction was adopted to conduct the syntheses of Vanadium-substituted Gallium Phosphates and try to pick up the single crystal to collect data with SXRD for further illustrating the crystal structure with diamond software to know well its nature. The research result finds out a new type of crystal unseen in the existing literature produced because of the weight changes of C3H10N2, therefore the weight change of a reactor may affect the structure of crystal significantly. In the future, it is expectation that comparison among structures of other Vanadium-Substituted Gallium Phosphates can be made, and the properties of this compound can be measured, and try to find out a brand new type of structure for new exploration by changing the initial reagent.
本研究係透過改變化合物所添加之反應物的比例，以了解反應物比例的改變對晶體的型態與結構的影響。實驗採用中溫水熱反應來從事金屬釩鎵磷酸鹽的合成。並挑取單晶，以X-ray 繞射儀進行數據收集，再以diamond 軟體繪出晶體的結構圖，且進一步得知其性質。研究結果發現，經改變丙二胺的量後，產生不同於文獻上的新化合物，可知改變所加反應物的比例，對於晶體結構有相當大的影響。未來可朝向與其他的釩鎵磷酸鹽做結構上的比較、對此化合物做更進一步的性質測量、改變起始試劑測試，進而得到更新穎的結構形式等部分進行探究。
聚苯胺導電高分子二次電池之研製及性能研究
塑膠一向被認為絕緣體。但Heeger，MacDiarmid，以及Shirakawa證實，塑膠可以被改製成電的良導體。這須在高分子合成的過程中，使碳鏈呈現單、雙鍵交錯排列情形。此外，高分子也須加以摻雜(doped)，換言之，電子必須在氧化過程中被移除或在還原過程中被加進聚合物。電子移除所留下的電洞，或新加進的電子則可自由在分子鏈上移動，形成導電性。我們所要製備的導電高分子二次電池就是由這個原理完成的。所謂的二次電池(Secondary Cell)簡單的定義就是「可反覆充電、放電，循環使用的電池」，我們將會將其與市售電池比較，並改良出合適商品化的高分子二次電池。我們將以聚苯胺做為我們電池的正極，並用鋅片(原本我們要用鋰金屬的，但其再空氣中即易氧化，因此改採鋅)做為負極，製成一聚苯胺二次電池。The plastics is thought to be a insulator, but Heeger, MacDiarmid, and Shirakawa had proved that conductivity of plastics can be improved by doping other media. The conjugated polymers such as polyacetylene、polyaniline have the interlaced single-double bonds that electrons can move from one side to another side caused the production of electric currents. The purpose of this study is try to study the application of the conjugated polymer polyaniline to make a secondary battery. First, we use the chemical and electrochemical method to compose the polyaniline. Then we test the conductivity of the produced polyaniline and test the current and electrical potential of the polymer battery. The battery that we made from our laboratory has the electric potential about 0.5 volts and the electric current is greater than 50 microamperes. Finally, we also try to use the lithium as cathode to improve the performance of the polyaniline battery.