2016年

1. Introduction In Japan the energy self-efficiency is very low: only 6%. Hydrogen (H2) has been expected as a new and alternative energy source to imported one, such as petroleum resources. Now hydrogen energy comes into the practical use in the field of the fuel cell. Hydrogen must be extracted from other sources, for example, water, fossil fuel, and so on. Hydrogen is obtained from water by using electronic or thermal or photo energy in most cases, whereas it is well-known that hydrogen is given by the oxidation reaction of silicon in alkaline aqueous solution: Si + 2OH- + H2O → SiO32- + 2H2 Free silicon (Si) is not only used in the steel refining, aluminum-casting in the field of fine chemical industries but also is used as a material in semiconductor electronics. However, a lot of used silicon is thrown away as a waste, being not reused and recycled. In this study we try to apply a waste silicon to obtain hydrogen based on the above reaction. The purpose of the study is to develop a safe and convenient manufacturing method to generate hydrogen for an energy source of the fuel cell.

透明有機薄膜太陽能電池，有別於目前市售深藍黑色太陽能板，因其吸光範圍在不可見光區，使其外觀呈透明無色。若發展得當，便可應用在日常生活中，將玻璃更換為透明有機薄膜太陽能電池，廣泛利用再生能源。 本研究中，我們以旋環雙芴為主體，分別引入二苯環胺基、1,3,4-噁二唑雜環，合成 D2、A2分子作為透明有機薄膜太陽能電池的主動層。測量其溶液態的基本性質後，發現 D2、A2的吸收波長皆落在紫外光區。作為有機太陽能電池元件的主動層，不論是 D2 和 C60 搭配，或是 D2 和 A2 搭配，皆具有極佳的穿透度，並且太陽光下光電轉換效率最高可達0.52 %，弱光下的光電轉換效率可高達15.6 %。

Parameters of traffic, road availability, and fare were integrated into a web-based application for determining the best public transport routes within Metro Manila in order to assist commuters in their travel planning, whether for business or for pleasure. A user-friendly interface was developed to obtain a user’s place of origin and destination, as well as preferences in travel time, mode of transportation, and cost of journey. By accessing the traffic roadway network of the metropolis, a real-time situation of road availability was obtained, and used in a modified Dijkstra’s shortest-path algorithm to produce a model of a real-time adaptive transport network of Metro Manila. From the model, an optimal route that considers the user’s preferences can be determined. This project will be immensely useful in helping both businessmen and tourists in planning their routes that will save on time and money.

之前有研究指出，使用一些單胺氧化酶(monoamine oxidase, MAO)的抑制劑如pargyline和clorgyline，皆可以保護serum starvation所導致的細胞凋亡，表示MAO可能在細胞凋亡的路徑中扮演重要的角色。 本研究著重於一個臨床上被拿來當抗憂鬱症藥物的MAO抑制劑苯乙肼(phenelzine, PZE)對於沿著腫瘤壞死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)途徑而產生細胞凋亡的小鼠骨髓巨噬細胞(bone marrow-derived macrophages, BMDM)所產生的保護作用。 本研究的結果顯示PZE的確可以保護循TNF-α途徑死亡的細胞，同時使活性氧化物質(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的量下降。我們推論造成此現象的原因是PZE藉由抑制MAO，使得ROS的量下降，進而保護細胞。

It became necessary to implement a project for the use of vegetable waste generated in the process of handling plantain cultivation, harvest and postharvest, since in Mexico at harvest large quantities of vegetable waste is produced, since only the fruit is used wasting the Pseudostem with leaves and spine. Based on this information, you can take advantage of banana fiber as raw materials in the manufacture of biodegradable sheets and support options that are feasible and possible to make alternative. This is an inexpensive process, also friendly with the environment, so that thousands of banana plants that bear fruit after they become sterile and are discarded without realizing their Pseudostem.

對於排列組合數學中避免特定序列的方法，是一個已經提出很久的問題，而對於長度為n，避免同一物連續出現兩次的方法，俄國學者Tanya Khovanova [1]提出一遞迴式。既然知道避免同一物連續出現兩次的方法數，那避免同一物連續出現m次的方法為何呢? 在去年的臺灣國際科展「從Avoid數列到類巴斯卡三角形」我令其方法數為A，計算其遞迴關係，並寫成以B為係數的多項式，計算B的遞迴關係。 為了計算B的一般式，今年我的研究過程： 1. 今年不同於去年的臺灣國際科展，重新以較直接且簡單的排列組合證明避免同一物連續出現m次數的方法數A之遞迴式 2. 同1.，重新以排列組合證明B的遞迴式，並找出選取個數小於m時之一般式 3. 以生成函數計算B及A，並計算B的一般式 4. 發現B的大小隨著選取個數接近常態分佈

The last two decades have seen 60% annual growth rate (AGR) in the global IP traffic and it is expected that the AGR will keep the exponential growth in the next five years. Recent advances in digital signal processing enabled the implementation of the dual polarization (DP) optical coherent digital receivers, which substantially improved their performance. The goal of this research is to develop a prototype of a compact superchannel flexible DP M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) optical transmitter and demonstrate its reconfigurability to accommodate baud rates ranging from 8-32 Gbaud∕s to achieve 1 Tb/s and beyond using the same hardware. The research work consists of three phases; Phase I is the study of transmitter electrical and optical parts; Phase II investigates the potential configurations for frequency comb generator circuit; Phase III deals with the superchannel experimental prototype. The results obtained so far are pertaining to phase I and phase II with some preliminary experimental validation pertaining to phase III. The experimental results show that the measured component characteristics are matched with the components specifications data sheets. Additionally, the designed frequency comb generator was able to create up to 9 optical subcarriers with flat gain of 0.5 dB amplitude. Transmission over optical subcarriers has been attempted using standard optical transmitter. These results show promise towards the generation of a variable data rate up to 1Tb∕s. IEEE and ITU-T standardization effort considered these data rates to appear around 2017, and are intended for Next Generation Regional/Long-haul Networks.

Climate is the average weather in a place over a long period. The changes in climate may be due to natural forces or from human activities. There is growing concern among the scientific community regarding climate change. Biodiversity, forest, monsoons, weather are now at risk due to climate change. Today climate change is happening at an increasing rapid rate. One of the causes is deforestation. Firewood collection in one of the major means the felling of trees. Excessive emission of CO2 by burning, which is a green house gas, responsible for increasing the temperature and causing drastic climate change. Hence, to know the impact of firewood collection in drastic climate change we have undertaken a project entitled, “Impact of firewood collection on weather and climate of Jirdin village.”

This article talks about the design, construction and operation of multi-alarm teleoperated. The work contains the different stages of construction that were performed for both hardware and software, as well as the way in which the entire process is developed. The prototype is autonomous. It can to detect the things that happen in the house and send a sms to the cell phone. With the cell phone you can drive a robot in the house.

Moss from a roof top was used to treat ear infections in my grandfather’s village. This remedy sparked my curiosity and so I began researching. I was bewildered to discover that the resistance to antibiotics has been labelled as a “Catastrophic Threat” and has been ranked in the same category as terrorism and climate change. Governments globally are urging scientists to identify and produce new antibiotics and reassess novel approaches1. This project aims to evaluate two objectives through the use of several integrated technologies and modified methods: (a) To determine if the extracts, solutions and raw materials derived from Heart wood portion of Picea glauca, Populus tremuloides, Salix spp, Betula papyrifera, Pinus contorta, Quercus alba, Thuja occidentalis, Climacium dendroides, Dicranum fuscescens and Kieselgur, will inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli. (b) To scientifically reassess my grandfather’s traditional method of treating ear infections using roof moss. The Heartwood portion of each tree was removed using a hammer and mallet. The Heartwood was then burnt to derive the ash and a miter saw was used to make sawdust. The moss was collected, dried and labelled. A Methanol Extraction was performed on all saw dust samples and moss using a Soxhlet Extractor for 24 hours. The ash solutions were diluted, filtered, and neutralized to pH 7. The solvents were evaporated in a Rotary evaporator and the residual material was stored in round bottom flasks. The Kirby Bauer method was modified and a Well Infusion method was devised for the biological assay. The Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli were plated using a 0.5 McFarland Standard. Paper filter discs containing 20uL of each extract solution and raw material were precisely placed onto the inoculated plates and incubated for 24 hours. The preliminary results were initially unfavourable, as data could only be collected and analysed for one species; Thuja occidentalis (White Cedar). However, these results were extremely encouraging when the zones of inhibition were measured and analyzed. Confidence Intervals were calculated at 95% and the T-Tests were calculated at a 0.05 alpha level, which indicated significance when compared to the control. The Chi Square values were greater than the critical value of 7.8 and therefore the thorough statistical analysis indicates that the results were not due to chance alone. Literature has indicated that certain components of trees do indeed have antibacterial properties, however there is very limited research specific to the Heartwood portion. Furthermore, I discovered that the Heartwood portion of the White Cedar tree does have certain antibacterial properties that definitely justify further testing. In addition, a combination of examining my grandfather’s possessions and analyzing present data, I can confidently support my grandfather’s traditional method. In conclusion, the use of the Heartwood portion of the White Cedar to combat bacterial infection warrants further exploration. Remedies Recovered from Roof Top Resources may be the solution to this catastrophic threat.