一等獎

蟋蟀聲音與行為的關係密不可分。取北部四種蟋蟀樣本，以數位錄音筆錄製及電腦軟體分析蟋蟀的聲音，並用PCR技術萃取蟋蟀的粒線體DNA(16S)加以分析，藉此和傳統的形態學分類相互比較。結果發現蟋蟀聲音的頻率特性中主頻率的差異在親緣遠近有關聯性，但聲音的時間特性方面則沒有特定關聯，不過聲學分析圖仍可作為單一種的鑑定指標。此外，研究發現此4種蟋蟀的聲音頻率範圍有重疊現象，但主頻率、脈衝比、唧聲率及唧聲長不同，推測雌蟋蟀應是綜合這些特性辨別同種。另一方面，以黑蟋蟀作為研究對象，進行干擾實驗，觀察並繪製出其聲音行為模式; 並將此作為對照，結果發現蟋蟀的生殖行為主要受到雄蟋蟀的聲音支配，而雄蟋蟀則以嗅覺辨別雌蟋蟀位置，決定下一步行動，與視覺較無關係。 Cricket's voice is closely related to the behavior. We select four species of crickets from the northern Taiwan to study the acoustic and mating behaviors. The digital sound recorder and acoustic software are used to analyze their acoustic characters. Furthermore, the PCR technology is used to amplify and sequence parts of mtDNA sequences and the results were compiled as the comparison to the traditional morphological character. The result shows that the resolution in acoustic characters of main frequency, pulse number, chirp rate, and the length of chirp are different among four species, though the minor frequency pattern is overlapping. Moreover, we find that frequency characteristic difference among four species is partly related to their phylogenetic relationship, yet is not seen in time characteristic. It is obvious that difference of acoustic behavior can be regarded as identified index among species. Results of acoustic analysis impel us to infer that the female crickets take the comprehensive acoustic behavior to distinguish their specific male. In addition, behavior pattern and model of Gryllus bimaculatus are established as the comparison of interfering experiment is undertaken. Which results suggest that the mating behavior in cricket is dominated by males’ acoustic behavior, and is initiated by male’s olfactory sense rather than that of sight.

There are three main threats that give disastrous outcomes to the ecosystem, oil spill in the open sea, non-biodegradable wrapping plastics and logging to accommodate the paper industry. The current oil absorbent available in the market nowadays are more of fibers with hydrophilic characteristics. As a result, the oil been absorbed cannot be reused and causing total lost to the oil companies. It is estimates that billions of Malaysian Ringgit(RM) lost due to this cause for the past ten years.\r The objective of this project is to produce oil absorbent that not only created from the Empty Fruit Bunch(EFB) as a recycling initiative but at the same time able to reuse back all the absorbed oil after that. On top of that to this, we also hope to produce a biodegradable wrapping paper from the same material.\r The initial step towards the production of this eco-absorbent is known as Compounding Process which involves the grinding of the EFB along with some used rubber. This is then followed by adding flour to the mixture and then cooked until it is matured. At the end of this process, the product is grinded into refined form. Based on the investigations conducted, this eco-absorbent able to absorb oil five times of its weight and using a minimal pressure, the absorbed oil can be recollected back hence use onwards without changing the oil physical or chemical properties.\r On the other hand, the eco-friendly wrapping paper made out of the same material also showed high durability and tensile index. In addition to this it also showed high flexibility folding index which enables this wrapping paper to be shaped and folded into various forms according to the customer needs. All of these positives characteristics suggest that this eco-friendly wrapping paper able to replace the conventional plastic wrapping paper available in the market nowadays.\r In conclusion, we are one step closer in reducing the environmental pollution by using the EFB to produce the eco-oil absorbent and wrapping paper that it’s not only stressed on recycling the waste materials and precious oil resources but at the same time helps to save billions of Ringgit by the oil companies.

本研究整合了碎形圖形的迭代運算方法與基因交配觀念來達到音樂創新，並透過音樂和諧性判別機制來提高創新音樂的悅耳程度。利用基因觀念之交配的方法來解決長短的問題。這個方法是把原始音符輸入後，找出它們的中心點，以這個中心點為準，其他的音符按照一定比例向外延展，成為新的迭代點。再利用這些迭代點，迭代出新的音符。把製造好的音符染色體放置到交配池中，以隨機的方式在交配池中選取其中之一個染色體進行交配的動作，此二音符染色體會交換彼此的基因，產生下一代新的代表音符長短之染色體，隨後以「模仿母體判斷式」來判斷這新一代的音樂是否與母體音樂相似，藉此淘汰掉「不肖的」下一代，而若新一代與母體的相似程度高的話，它的悅耳性相信也會相對提高。最後把這些技術應用於數位音樂創作，以衍生新穎應用與創新的結果。Fractals can be produced by IFS (Iterated Function Systems). By iterative computation of many times, we can obtain the similar graphics. In my research, the methods to generate the iterative algorithms were presented. In addition, I would discuss the regularity and the content as well as the properties of those digital patterns. At last, the advanced application of fractals to digital music pieces was presented. The program took a note of several measure of music as the beginning point, and made the IFS calculations for each new note in each measure. But there was no difference in beats if you just make the IFS iteration. So I changed the beats with genetic crossover method. In this research, the expression of the DNA to each beat of note was adopted. The same way, it took a note as a beginning point. And the system obtained the new DNA from the old notes for new ones randomly. After producing the new pieces of music, I want to know if it is good to listen. So I used the algorithm that checks the simulation to the shape of mother music. If its shape is similar to the mother music, the probability that the new music is pleasing may even increase. That would make a piece of brand new music. What I want to do in this research is improve the multiformity of music and find what the relationship is of ‘good music’ and mathematical algorithms

我們使用C++撰寫了一個音準練習程式：使用者輸入聲音後，經由音頻辨識方法求出其頻譜中最高能量之頻率，以之為基頻，再將其與目標音高相較，得到誤差率及走音程度。此外程式還可秀出所唱的樂譜，和發出對應的鋼琴或正弦波的聲音，方便使用者校音。而為了做音高辨識，我們也收集了許多聲音檔案，觀察其特色，研究不同音色的頻譜或是波形特性，並利用其特徵完成一個音色自動辨識程式。\r 首先我們測試了各種演算法，並且選用了快速傅利葉轉換作為主要製作的演算方法；接著我們利用Microsoft Visual C++撰寫我們的程式。這個程式主要可分為錄音、辨識以及樂譜繪製三大部分，皆會在此份報告中詳細說明。\r 文中將說明音頻及音色辨識的方法，一些關於音樂的基本知識，微軟公司的wave檔格式，此系統之應用，以及音色的波形頻譜分析。我們使用FFT 求得聲音的頻譜，且將針對此部分演算法做簡單的說明，並探討如何達到所需之頻率準確度，如何以較高效率辨識，及如何找出不同音色的特性。

基因靜默為各種生物普遍擁有的調控機制，是以microRNA (miRNA)和Dicer-Like (DCL)與Argonaute (AGO)等數個蛋白質來完成。在植物，miRNA大多是由DCL1截切前驅物所產生，因DCL1具有21-nt 分子尺，所以絕大多數miRNA的長度為21nt。然而，其他特殊長度卻也有一定比例的存在，且可能有特殊的功能。最新研究發現22nt的miRNA可誘發更多的小片段干擾核酸來造成大量而強烈的基因靜默；然而，一般21nt的 miRNA卻無此功能。本研究以生物資訊的方法分析大量資料庫，並以分子生物學實驗佐證，探討特殊長度miRNA的生成、功能與演化。結果發現，20nt的miRNA可藉由對稱性與非對稱性縮短產生，這是RNA結構研究的新發現。功能上，20nt的miRNA與生長發育有關，22nt的miRNA則多與逆境反應有關；在演化上，長度20nt的miRNA呈現高保守性，而大部分22nt的miRNA則呈現高度物種專一性，為演化快速的特殊長度。

傑克船長和他的海盜們掠奪到許多箱珍寶，每箱含有數量不等的金幣及鑽石。船員們深怕傑克船長又出什麼陰謀，一致同意讓船長任選一半的箱子拿走。\r 當然，傑克不知道金幣和鑽石的價格比，為了保證可以得到一半的利益，傑克希望他拿到的金幣和鑽石都各占一半。傑克的願望會實現嗎？\r 這個問題已用高等數學證明其解，而本研究利用初等數學的方法，除證明傑克需取的最少箱子數外，同時也能更快速的算出取法。\r 類似的結果可應用至分配災區物資等情形，或任何無法轉移、獨立的資源，如各式專長的人才、多功能的機械等，期望可對更有效的分配做出貢獻。

本實驗目的在於嘗試降解傳統塑膠材料。實驗中選用極為常見的傳統塑膠，聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇ploy ethylene terephthalate (PET)，與生物可分解材料，聚乳酸poly lactic acid (PLA)，將兩者以不同比例物理性混摻，並以豬胰線脂肪酵素Lipase from porcine pancreas, TypeⅡ (PPL)進行降解，期望藉由生分解材料可被完全分解的特性牽引傳統塑膠材料進行降解。\r 本實驗共分兩階段：第一階段實驗中，將共溶劑揮發製膜進行降解，但由於溶劑法所留下的孔洞，影響了降解速率；因此，在第二階段實驗中，改以熱壓的方式製膜解決孔洞問題，並於降解後以儀器分析降解情形。結果發現：混合薄膜經降解後熔點有下降的趨勢，此可佐證確實可以生分解材料PLA牽引傳統塑膠料PET進行降解，且降解速率和結晶情形和分子鏈段纏繞程度有關，在PET與PLA濃度同為3%時降解情形最佳。

The Look and Say sequence is produced by describing the appearance of the previous row. For example, start with “1,” which can be described as “one 1,” and therefore the second row is “11,” which is "two 1s," making the third row “21,” the fourth row “1211,”and so on. The main goal of this study is to work out the exact formula for this sequence, which means given the row number n, we can know at once what the n-th row is without having to start from the first row and doing the look-and-say iteration for n-1 times. Some of the methods used include dividing groups, repetition and cracks. The formula we derived speeds up the calculation and gives us a better understanding of the look and say sequence.「外觀數列」為依照外觀產生下一列的數列，第一列為「1」，第二列描述第一列「1 個1」而為「11」，第三列則描述第二列「2 個1」而為「21」，第四列「1211」，依此類推。本研究針對外觀數列的各項數學性質作研究探討，並由此推導出外觀數列的一般式，即給定第n 列就可知道該列的內容。我們運用了分組、重複性以及裂縫的方法分析數列，最後得到了其一般式，此一般式有助於運算速度的加快以及我們對數列性質的了解。

The spiders, Neoscona nautica, often appear in groups, but individuals have their own sense of territory.They usually spin webs among branches during 6:00~ 8:00 in the evening. When building webs, they will first start with bridges and then spin Y-shaped spokes. Next, they spin meshe of net, silk frame, spokes, spirals and free-zone in order. After finishing webs, they will wait for prey on the free-zone or meshe of net. If they find something inanimate on the web, they will break the spiral attached with the inanimate object that is later removed. If the meshe of net is broken, they will fix it immediately. For them, the time to take webs back is during 2:30~ 6:00 in the morning. Most time they use the first pair and the second pair of legs to take webs back and swallow the webs. Sometimes, they break the spirals by the last pair of legs. The sequence to take webs back is : lower right section, lower middle section, lower left section, upper left section, and upper right section. At last, one thread of bridge will be left. Every early mornings they take webs back and swallow them. The next evening they rebuild webs. Possibly there are two reasons to explain why spiders eat their webs: (1).They swallow webs to get protein. (2).The web threads are easily polluted by dust and humidity and reduce stickiness. The web may also reduce the probability of capturing prey. The body length of them is not related to effective web dimensions. However, the web sizes depend on the width of web-building location. The study shows linear relation among body length, meshe of net and dimensions of free-zone. The linear relation represents that the meshe of net and free-zone have ecological or survival meaning for them. We expect that this study of Neoscona nautica can be helpful to build spider ecological database in Taiwan.簷下姬鬼蛛常成群出現，但個體卻有很強的領域性；常於下午6：00 至8：00 結網於樹枝間，結網時，先以橋絲為出發，織出一Y 形的縱絲，再由此依序織出中空網眼、絲框、縱絲、橫絲、棲息圈，網結好後，簷下姬鬼蛛則在棲息圈或網眼靜候獵物，若發現網上有非生物之異物，則將黏住異物的橫絲弄斷，再把網上的異物丟棄；若網眼被破壞，則會立即修補。收網時間為凌晨2：30 至凌晨6：00，收網時，大部分由第一、二對步足進行收網，偶爾會用最後一對步足將橫絲弄斷，一邊收網一邊將網吞食，收網的順序為：右下、中下、左下、左上、右上，最後留下一條橋絲。簷下姬鬼蛛每天清晨都會收網，並將網吃掉，翌日傍晚再重新結網，其可能原因有兩點：(1)將網吃掉以補充蛋白質。(2)蛛絲容易受灰塵、水氣之污染而減小黏性，降低獵捕功效。簷下姬鬼蛛體長與有效網面積無關，但網的大小視其結網地點寬敞程度而定。體長與網眼、棲息圈面積呈線性關係，表示網眼和棲息圈對簷下姬鬼蛛具有生態或生存意義。我們對簷下姬鬼蛛生態調查之結果，希望能幫助台灣的蜘蛛生態資料庫之建立。

The research is about the optimal on parallel processing. Through boot disk – which will automatically finish booting configuration, .it is efficient and quick to build high performance PC clusters. The advantage of parallel computing could be applied to massive image processing. By sharing processing and breaking huge processing load into lots of pieces, we could get more efficient result. It is also possible to optimal parallel system through some special means such as dynamic configuration. Through the means, the system could distribute work loading itself. It could also adjust itself to get the highest performance and the most stable environment. 本研究之目的在於探討平行處理中的計算資源的最佳化，透過自動完成開機設定的Boot Disk 來有效快速建製出高效率的PC Clusters 環境，並透過動態配置與類神經網路的校調，使整體叢集的運算能自動調整至最佳化。平行處理優勢，可以應用在耗費極大量的運算資源的影像處理上。透過運算資源分享，可以以很高的效率將極為龐大的運算工作分散成許多較小的程序，使影像處理速度加快。經由平行演算法及實際應用的調整，可對已成形之平行系統作效能上的加強。使用類神經網路的方式訓練，使其系統能夠自我分配運算工作量，且隨著各平行化程式與各節點的不同，能自我校調至最佳化，達到高效率且穩定的運算環境。\r 本研究透過高效率且能自我調校的運算環境，可用於優化其本身結構，以達到\r 演化出更進一步系統，具有相當大的發展潛力。