一等獎

This underwater remote operating vehicle (ROV) is designed with and without tethered operation. The operator can control the ROV from the real time first-person view in graphical user interface combined with sonar and object detection function when the tether is attached to perform search and rescue. The control tether with fiber optic lighting cable establishes a guided link medium between the possible search victim location and the rescue team. When the tether is detached, rapid deployment by a predefined set of instruction to achieve further operation range. The intelligent technologies of signal processing were used for object recognition, collision detection and sonar scanning data to enhance underwater operation. Autonomous driving is based on software development with limited capability to run in unrestricted open areas. We have achieved the design intent and confirmed the performance data in the laboratory boundary conditions.

在植物中，對於外在威脅能有效進行防禦一直是個非常重要的課題，而此實驗在探討植物彼此間經由根部傳遞的防禦訊息與生理防禦機制。 利用鹽刺激使其根部分泌出AtCAPE1胜肽進行防禦訊息的傳遞，以證實阿拉伯芥防禦訊息確實可經由根部進行彼此的溝通，且可利用擁有正常基因的植株提升突變株的防禦能力。 結合AtCAPE此種植物體內少有被發現的胜肽進行實驗，並提供了許多延續實驗，為植物防禦系統闢出一條大道。

在本研究中，我們在正壓模式裡植入渦旋，當作實驗中的颱風眼，以不同的渦旋結構類型、渦度環及渦度比值進行實驗並觀察其變化。實驗結果顯示當渦旋結構的徑向渦度梯度變率存在正負的變化時，有機會導致正壓不穩定的發生，促進擾動而使渦旋形成多邊形結構。當渦旋內部的渦度梯度越大，則多邊形的形成越快但邊數越少；若渦旋外圈的強渦度區越薄，多邊形的形成越快且邊數越多。多邊形渦旋結構的演化則有可能發生「邊數合併」或「混合內縮」的情形，最終達到穩定或均質化的狀態。2017年泰利颱風行經台灣東北方海域時，我們從衛星雲圖中可觀察到颱風眼輪廓有多邊形變化，本文闡述此現象變化的歷程與可能的機制，進而希望在未來能利用此特點在颱風預報之領域中做出貢獻。

本研究進行虎紋三角渦蟲 (Girardia tigrina) 黏液分析及功能推測。利用Bradford法得知渦蟲捕食白線斑蚊幼蟲時不會分泌大量黏液；以銀染染色SDS-PAGE，並以ImageJ與Excel分析，發現渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲前後黏液中蛋白質單體濃度無顯著增加 ( p > 0.05)。進一步以API ZYM得知渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時黏液中含至少8種酵素，包含磷酸水解酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、醣水解酶，能協助於體外行化學消化；以酵素活性染檢測，則發現渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時黏液中α型醣水解酶分子量位置位於25-37 kDa。未來將持續針對渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時黏液中酵素進行分析，如確認渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時黏液中蛋白酶、脂肪酶及幾丁質酶分子量位置；探討渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時黏液中磷酸水解酶及α型醣水解酶功能等等。

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which current diagnostic tools are invasive and lack the ability to diagnose early-onset dementia. Current antibody-based diagnostic tests for neurodegenerative diseases require invasive measures such as a lumbar puncture, and lack specificity to biomarkers that are found in both healthy individuals and patients with AD. In this project, a design for a carbon dot(CD)-bound bispecific antibody is developed for the minimally- invasive diagnosis of AD. The molecular probe can be easily synthesized with a specificity to amyloid- beta (Aβ) oligomers as it distribution and abundance in the brain suggest they are better predictors of disease progression and are present in the early-onset of the dementia. The bispecific antibody conjugated to the CD displays a low affinity to transferrin receptors (TfRs) which allows the probe to cross the blood-brain barrier via receptor mediated transcytosis leading to a minimally invasive diagnosis. A synthesis technique was developed to conjugate the bispecific antibody to the CD. As a proof of concept, this technique was used to couple bovine serum albumin (BSA) to CDs. The structural and optical properties of the CDs were observed. By synthesizing a novel carbon dot conjugated specific antibody that emits light at a specific wavelength in the near-infra red region, the molecular probe displays optical properties suitable for the minimally-invasive diagnosis using fNIR- spectroscopy.

台灣淡水三角渦蟲 (Girardia tigrina) 主要以水生小動物為食，且會捕食蚊幼蟲，具生物防治潛能 (王與郭，2016)。根據投放前的評估結果，渦蟲對食物無記憶，為機會主義捕食者且會搶食，有利於評估未來投放的數量；野外防治實驗中發現渦蟲可有效抑制模擬水耕地景中蚊幼蟲，且生存水質與蚊幼蟲相似。未來可大範圍投放渦蟲，評估是否能有效抑制蚊幼蟲。本研究另一目標為確認渦蟲消化蚊幼蟲機制。由薄層分析法發現渦蟲黏液需長時間才能水解少量的幾丁質，推測其主要行體外物理消化蚊幼蟲，化學消化則為協助的角色。以石蠟切片發現5 %福馬林加30 %蔗糖之固定液可切出完整的渦蟲咽部組織。未來將持續探討渦蟲消化蚊幼蟲機制，如確認渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時咽部肌肉組織變化，以及利用冷凍切片固定渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時當下組織，再進行染色觀察。

在這篇作品中，研究了法里數列的性質，並試圖藉由與二維法里數列有關的福特圓，將其推廣到空間中，找到空間中與法里數列相應的數。 研究分成兩個階段，第一階段是舊定義的階段(2021國際科展作品「空間中的福特球」內容)。此階段中，定了空間中有起始三個相切的球，從這三個球繼續做更小的相切球，並找到一些性質。在經過一系列的討論，發現推廣到空間後的福特球有與平面福特圓重疊的部分。因為這個發現，我們就大膽的假設這一大堆球，可以跟另一種定義等價──直接把平面的福特圓變成三維空間的球(也就是起始球是一整排無限多顆的球)，然後做相切小球可以得到一模一樣的結果。第二個階段是由新定義開始的研究，直接將平面的福特圓變成空間中福特球的起始球，使得可以藉由法里數列的性質，快速求得福特球球心表示法，同時也找到了三維空間中的法里數列。最後研究更進一步試著推廣到D維空間(D≥3)中。

Silica capillaries have been an integral part of the instrumentation used in many areas of analytical chemistry for decades, especially in analytical separations. In most cases, they are used without treatment, occasionally forceless chemical surface treatments are made to suppress or enhance the activity of silanol groups. The aim of this work was to disrupt the inner surface of the capillary, perfectly smooth from manufactory, so that relatively coarse and various structures would be created, and to study their influence on the separation efficiency. The uniqueness of the used solution is based on the use of special properties of water exposed to high temperatures and pressures (supercritical water), which is able to disrupt this chemically inert material because of its aggressivity. In total, over 2000 experiments were carried out in order to define conditions suitable for the formation of various types of surface structures. Due to the high amount of resulting data, our own database application was created, allowing not only to save the picture of the structure and experimental conditions information, but also to clearly sort them out and create image reports according to the specified parameters. Samples representing individual types of structures were then selected from this database and a number of silica capillaries with a configuration suitable for electromigration analyzes were prepared. The creation of a structured surface in the input part of the separation capillary enabled the separation of some classes of substances and biosamples, which cannot be analyzed on standard capillaries with a smooth surface. An example is the complete separation of two strains of Staphyllococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA and MSSA), or the use of the absorbing capabilities of a structured surface to study the interactions of these bacteria with bacteriophages. This ability was also used in the determination of Aspergillus fungus in a sample taken directly from the patient's lungs, where there was achieved a significant increase in the sensitivity of the analysis. Structured capillaries can also be used in the analysis of food samples, i.e., for the separation of β-lactoglobulins A and B in cow's milk, which belong to its main allergens.

目前分布在歐洲地中海沿岸的阿拉伯芥孑遺族群曾經廣泛分布於後冰期歐亞大陸，而後被非孑遺族群取代成為目前全世界分布的優勢族群。伊比利半島是阿拉伯芥孑遺與非孑遺族群的交會處，擁有高度遺傳多樣性。我們以該地的環境資料進行全基因體關聯分析，篩選出與降水量、乾旱有高度相關的AT1G58310與AT4G32040作為標的基因。我們觀察標的基因之SNP位點與孑遺族群的分佈情形；並以主成分分析及親緣關係樹，計算各地植株之基因序列差異及其分群關係。接著以標的基因突變株進行無逆境與PEG-6000模擬乾旱逆境之根長實驗，結果指出突變株根系都顯著較野生型長、廣，顯示AT4G32040具有抗乾旱功能。本研究由演化生態學的角度切入，結合遺傳基因體學進行分析，以分子生物學實驗驗證標的基因與植物抗旱能力之關聯。期望透過此研究模式推廣至其他農作物，以應對水資源短缺和糧食生產需求的增長。

Originally, the Tesla transformer was developed to transmit energy and messages wirelessly. But it did not prove itself for either of these applications, so today it is only used for research purposes. Over time, the Tesla transformer has evolved and improved. Today it is possible with Tesla transformers to generate powerful and highly precise controlled discharges. During operation, impressive high-voltage discharges occur at the transformer. A tesla transformer is basically a high voltage generator that achieves a voltage boost by using two magnetically coupled LC series resonant circuits of the same resonant frequency. The Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla Coil (DRSSTC) built in this work has a high power IGBT half bridge module to excite the primary resonant circuit at the resonant frequency. The IGBTs are driven in such a way that audible pressure waves, and therefore music, are generated by the electrical discharges at the high voltage electrode. Within the scope of this work were the following two questions: - How is a DRSSTC designed and built? The DRSSTC system realized in this work is about 80 cm high and reaches about one-meter-long discharges. The design, development, and construction of the transformer are documented in detail and extensively in this thesis. - How does one measure an electrical voltage of 200,000 V, which changes sign more than 100,000 times per second? Two approaches have been taken to measure the voltages. Derived from the energy balance of an ideal capacitor and an ideal coil, a secondary voltage of about 200 kV was calculated via secondary current measurement. The second approach uses a voltage measurement via an in-house developed measuring electrode and a calculated divider ratio between the measured voltage and the secondary voltage. A relatively unrealistic secondary voltage of about 750 kV was measured since the divider ratio depends on approximate values. Nevertheless, the measuring electrode can be used for investigations of the voltage curve, or the divider ratio can be calibrated via the secondary current measurement. The development of such a transformer laid the foundation for much further research and scientific analysis.