一等獎

Cancer is the second leading cause of death today[1], accounting for nearly 1 in 6 deaths worldwide. Despite this, diagnosis and treatment models for cancer are limited and as such, new methods to identify and treat susceptible patients are required urgently. HLAF- adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) is an oncogene that is strongly implicated in the development of inflammation-associated cancers[2]. Previous research on this highly polymorphic gene has identified 2 haplotypes – the reference haplotype, which is found in both cancer patients and healthy individuals, as well as an additional haplotype that is occurs at higher frequency in cancer patients and is associated with higher odds of cancer. In this study, it was hypothesised that the cancer-associated FAT10 haplotype can better promote tumorigenicity and could thereby serve as a useful biomarker for cancer. Here, we functionally characterize the 2 FAT10 haplotypes to understand how they influence some of the hallmarks of cancer. The cancer-exclusive haplotype was observed to enhance hallmarks of cancer, namely uncontrolled cell growth, resisting cell death and anchorage-independent growth as compared to the reference haplotype. Moreover, we uncovered the differential gene expression patterns induced by each haplotype. Molecules involved in cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as transcription were upregulated by the cancer-associated haplotype and hence could have contributed to the increased tumourigenic potential of the cancer haplotype.

本研究考慮的主要問題： 若非常數之連續函數f滿足∀m∈N,∃P(x)∈C[x] s.t.f(mx)=P(f(x))，其形式應為何？ (一)、若考慮函數範圍為解析函數，則f(x)的形式必為下列三者之一： (1).axn+b (2). akx^n+b (3). acos⁡(kxn)+b ，其中a,b,k∈C、n∈N (二)、若將考慮函數範圍改為：連續函數f:[0,∞)→C，則f(x)之形式必為下列三者之一： (1).axk'+b (2). akx^n+b (3). acos⁡(kxn)+b ，其中a,b,k,k'∈C、n∈N、Re(k' )>0 (三)、若將考慮函數範圍改為：連續函數f:(0,∞)→C，則f(x)之形式必為下列四者之一： (1).alogx+b (2).axk'+b (3). akx^n+b (4). acos⁡(kxn)+b ，其中a,b,k,k'∈C、n∈N 在本篇的最後，我們也將N的角色以其他正實數子集取代掉以推廣結果。

ARC Generator is a acronym for Alternating Rotational Convertor. The purpose of the generator is to convert rotational motion into an alternating current. What makes this generator unique from other generators is that it uses a combination of aspects from rotational as well as linear generators. The A.R.C Generator is a experiment to generate electricity in new ways, potentially opening new doors in the area of electrical generation. The final goals for the ARC Generator project are to: 1. Make a electrical generator that is unique compared to other types of generators. 2. Make a hydro power based generator that is simple as well as affordable for private use. The generator itself is split into four distinct parts: • The channels • The inner chamber • The core • The coils

根據世界衛生組織的統計，胰臟癌高居全球癌症死亡人數第四位，亦為臺灣十大癌症死因之一，為最具侵略性、致死性及預後不佳的癌症。HER2為調控癌細胞增生重要致癌因子，在胰臟癌患者大量表現，其在乳癌細胞中可磷酸化並穩定負責調控組蛋白甲基化的EZH2蛋白表現；而GOT2已知在粒線體內調控麩醯胺酸(glutamine)代謝產生-ketoglutarate，並參與氧化磷酸化幫助胰臟癌生長。 本研究探討HER2/EZH2訊息傳遞途徑是否影響GOT2抑制對胰臟癌細胞之死亡作用，以及HER2/EZH2是否藉由甲基化GOT2調控glutamine代謝與malate-Aspartate循環，找尋出HER2是否藉由EZH2調控GOT2活性而參與癌細胞glutamine代謝反應，觀察HER2、EZH2、GOT2訊息傳遞途徑。 研究結果發現細胞生長作用與EZH2表現較HER2表現具有相關性，並證實EZH2與GOT2確實存在交互作用關係，透過EZH2與GOT2結合並甲基化GOT2而調控其作用，增加活性表現與抗藥效果，顯示EZH2與GOT2參與胰臟癌細胞glutamine代謝機制重要角色。

Wildfires have become increasingly frequent and severe due to global climatic change, demanding improved methodologies for wildfire modeling. Traditionally, wildfire severities are assessed through post-event, in-situ measurements. However, developing a reliable wildfire susceptibility model has been difficult due to failures in accounting for the dynamic components of wildfires (e.g. excessive winds). This study examined the feasibility of employing satellite observation technology in conjunction with artificial neural networking to devise a wildfire susceptibility modeling technique for two regions in California. Timeframes of investigation were July 16 to August 24, 2017, and June 25 to December 8, 2017, for the Detwiler and Salmon August Complex wildfires, respectively. NASA’s MODIS imagery was utilized to compute NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), land surface temperature, net evapotranspiration, and elevation values. Neural network and linear regression modeling were then conducted between these variables and ∆NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio), a measure of wildfire burn severity. The neural network model generated from the Detwiler wildfire region was subsequently applied to the Salmon August Complex wildfire. Results suggest that a significant degree of variability in ∆NBR can be attributed to variation in the tested environmental factors. Neural networking also proved to be significantly superior in modeling accuracy as compared to the linear regression. Furthermore, the neural network model generated from the Detwiler data predicted ∆NBR for the Salmon August Complex with high accuracy, suggesting that if fires share similar environmental conditions, one fire’s model can be applied to others without the need for localized training.

本研究進行虎紋三角渦蟲 (Girardia tigrina) 黏液分析及功能推測。利用Bradford法得知渦蟲捕食白線斑蚊幼蟲時不會分泌大量黏液；以銀染染色SDS-PAGE，並以ImageJ與Excel分析，發現渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲前後黏液中蛋白質單體濃度無顯著增加 ( p > 0.05)。進一步以API ZYM得知渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時黏液中含至少8種酵素，包含磷酸水解酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、醣水解酶，能協助於體外行化學消化；以酵素活性染檢測，則發現渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時黏液中α型醣水解酶分子量位置位於25-37 kDa。未來將持續針對渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時黏液中酵素進行分析，如確認渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時黏液中蛋白酶、脂肪酶及幾丁質酶分子量位置；探討渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時黏液中磷酸水解酶及α型醣水解酶功能等等。

在本研究中，我們在正壓模式裡植入渦旋，當作實驗中的颱風眼，以不同的渦旋結構類型、渦度環及渦度比值進行實驗並觀察其變化。實驗結果顯示當渦旋結構的徑向渦度梯度變率存在正負的變化時，有機會導致正壓不穩定的發生，促進擾動而使渦旋形成多邊形結構。當渦旋內部的渦度梯度越大，則多邊形的形成越快但邊數越少；若渦旋外圈的強渦度區越薄，多邊形的形成越快且邊數越多。多邊形渦旋結構的演化則有可能發生「邊數合併」或「混合內縮」的情形，最終達到穩定或均質化的狀態。2017年泰利颱風行經台灣東北方海域時，我們從衛星雲圖中可觀察到颱風眼輪廓有多邊形變化，本文闡述此現象變化的歷程與可能的機制，進而希望在未來能利用此特點在颱風預報之領域中做出貢獻。

¬生物光伏電池(BPV)是一種利用光合自營生物進行光電能量轉換的發電裝置。本研究利用共生菌G76創造不須補充培養基的固態複合型BPV。我們以陽極只含小球藻的BPV為控制組(X-C)，發現在實驗開始24小時之後，BPV電壓開始隨著光照週期產生規律變化，前三個光週期電壓高峰平均值為116.23±2.92 mV, 谷底平均值為87.96±4.48 mV，波動幅度28.27 mV。實驗組為陽極有小球藻與共生菌G76的複合型BPV (X-CG)，同時期電壓高峰平均值為109.23±2.45 mV, 谷底平均值為100.63±0.9 mV，波動幅度8.6 mV。與X-C相比，添加G76會使電壓高峰下降6.02%，但提高谷底電壓14.4%且縮小電壓波動幅度69.58%。目前X-CG已運轉超過1032小時，電壓高峰為95.2mV，衰減幅度19.35%。同時期控制組X-C電壓高峰已下降至61.1mV，衰減幅度90.22%。實驗過程中我們發現在X-C及X-CG組別運作73小時後, 在陰極區都出現了紫黑色微生物(PB1)，同時這些被汙染的BPV的電壓明顯比其他組別更高，將BP1單獨培養並引入陰極後(P-CG), 此一BPV的電壓高峰平均值高達179.3±3.66 mV，谷底平均值則為162.37±1.38 mV，都比X-CG組提高近六成。更重要的是X-CG與P-CG分別能保持日間電壓的92.13%與90.56%，都是非常穩定的BPV。 由以上結果可知, 將共生菌G76加入BPV陽極能提高日夜間的供電穩定度並延長裝置使用壽命，而將PB1引入陰極則能使BPV電壓提高六成以上。若能進一步優化應用這些共生菌, 此種低成本複合型生物光電轉換裝置將有潛力建構出一套不須儲電系統的太陽能發電系統。

在植物中，對於外在威脅能有效進行防禦一直是個非常重要的課題，而此實驗在探討植物彼此間經由根部傳遞的防禦訊息與生理防禦機制。 利用鹽刺激使其根部分泌出AtCAPE1胜肽進行防禦訊息的傳遞，以證實阿拉伯芥防禦訊息確實可經由根部進行彼此的溝通，且可利用擁有正常基因的植株提升突變株的防禦能力。 結合AtCAPE此種植物體內少有被發現的胜肽進行實驗，並提供了許多延續實驗，為植物防禦系統闢出一條大道。

When adding 2% or 4% sodium polyacrylate as habit modifier, standard milky-white octahedral NaCl crystals grew gradually in saturated NaCl solution on the bottom of the container. [1] [2] Sodium polyacrylate is well known as a highly water-absorbable polymer with many carboxylate anions. In the case of low concentration (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5%) sodium polyacrylate many small or microscopic crystals whose shapes were nearly octahedrons and had {111} faces were observed with an optical microscope on the bottoms of the solution containers. In low concentration sodium polyacrylate, octahedral NaCl crystals made up of electrostatically unstable {111} faces grew similarly to crystals in high concentrations of 2% or 4% NaCl. Therefore, by adding sodium polyacrylate to saturated NaCl solution, cleaved rock salt crystals in this sol were observed to find out whether or not a change in crystal morphology from cuboids of {100} faces to octahedrons of {111} faces would occur. Regardless of the sodium polyacrylate concentrations of 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 2%, all cuboid crystals changed into a pyramidal shape in which four of the side surfaces formed an equilateral triangle. When one side of each equilateral triangle face was rotated so the square face of the crystal was soaked in the NaCl sol, all crystals grew into octahedrons of high transparency. Sodium polyacrylate, even under a low concentration, caused morphological change in the NaCl crystals. Many carboxylate anions in the sodium polyacrylate attracted sodium ions and the repulsive force between the carboxylate anions became weak, excluding the water in the internal space of the polymer. We considered that the stabilizing {111} faces of gathered sodium ions attached to carboxylate anions. Chloride and sodium ions coordinated continuously to minimize the NaCl surface area, growing into an octahedral and lowering the surface energy of the NaCl crystal. [3]