The Briggs Rauscher reaction, i. e., BR reaction, which is one of the oscillation reactions, produces iodide ion and iodine repeatedly. Continual color changes of the solution from colorless to deep blue, and vice versa, are observed during the reaction due to the so-called “iodine test” reaction. In this work, we studied the effects of the presence of the redox active indicators on the oscillation behavior of the BR reaction. To the reaction mixture of KIO3, H2SO4, H2O2, C3H4O4, MnSO4, and starch, which are used for the general BR reaction as added a redox active reagent (indicator). Then, the changes in color and voltage of the reaction solution were recorded by a photosensor of the LEGO MINDSTORMS and a voltmeter using Pt electrodes. Under general reaction conditions, the oscillation reaction continued for ca. 5 minutes, including 18 times of oscillations. When an indicator, such as BTB, was added instead of starch to the reaction solution, splits of the voltage wave were observed, which should be a kind of new oscillation. Moreover, we found that the addition of K3[Fe(CN)6], which exhibits high redox activity, in the reaction solution instead of starch made the life-time and the numbers of the oscillation in the reaction greater by 3 times (14 min.) in time and more than 4 times (81 times) in the frequency. It’s also a kind of new oscillation. These results suggested that the oxidation-reduction reactions by the addition of ferricyanate ion effectively promotes the redox process of iodine and iodide ion. The experiments we wrote above were conducted without starch. Thus, as a reference, we conducted the same experiments under the presence of starch and got interesting results. We also studied the effects of K4[Fe(CN)6], suggeting that not only redox reaction between ferricyanide and ferrocyanide ion, but also the redox reaction with BR solution should occur in these reactions.

浮石是一種多孔的火山碎屑岩，氣孔佔總體積很高的比例，因此能浮在水上。本研究針對臺灣新北市金山區神祕海岸所出露沉積層中的浮石進行探討，藉由閱讀文獻、實地考察、採樣、實驗分析等方式，來瞭解浮石的化學組成、礦物種類及可能形成機制與搬運途徑。依照化學成份分析及礦物種類比較結果顯示神祕海岸的浮石與日本、菲律賓的浮石較無關聯，最可能是來自台灣地區並由台灣北部大屯火山系或觀音山噴發所造成。至於其搬運方式，沉積物粒徑大小分析的結果顯示浮石是經由力量強大的海洋搬運作用攜至當地沉積。綜合上述，我們認為金山神祕海岸的浮石最有可能的生成方式為：1867年，由與大屯火山有相同岩漿系統的海底火山噴發出，接著此火山爆發所引發的海嘯將浮石帶至神祕海岸進行沉積。

生質能源是最佳的能源之一，而固體酸觸媒最能符合綠色化學，因此本研究要開發一種可以水解纖維素得到生質能的固體酸觸媒。將芳香族X與3-氯丙基三甲氧基矽烷反應，產物嫁接至中孔洞SBA-15-p上，再進行磺酸化，得到固體酸TPS-SBA-15-p，將其應用在催化酯化反應及阿斯匹靈的合成，催化效果優於已發表的固體酸觸媒。將TPS-SBA-15-p應用在催化水解纖維素，2 g纖維素與0.5 g觸媒在不鏽鋼高壓反應鍋中加熱至150°C反應7天，轉化率達75.7%，主產物為乙醯丙酸及癸烷，兩者碳數佔全部產物碳數的64%，乙醯丙酸的用途很廣，而癸烷是汽柴油的成分。另外，TPS-SBA-15-p具有兩種催化活性位置，此兩種催化活性官能基具有協同催化作用，因此很容易催化水解二噁烷(dioxane)及苯甲醚，也就具有催化水解纖維素的能力。

Pedicle probes are medical devices used by surgeons during spinal fusions for patients with conditions such as scoliosis and spinal fractures. The probe creates pilot holes to guide the placement of pedicle screws in vertebrae. The screws are then connected with a metal rod to stabilize the spine. Twenty-nine percent of patients who undergo spinal fusions suffer from vertebral breaches – accidental damage to the spinal cord – which cause complications such as infection, motor defects, and in many cases paralysis. My goal was to make spinal fusions safer by redesigning the pedicle probe to provide surgeons with instantaneous feedback on the probe’s location, enabling them to more accurately place pedicle screws. The pedicle probe I developed takes advantage of the difference in density between the inner cancellous (spongy) bone and the outer cortical (compact) bone found in vertebrae. Cortical bone is avoided by monitoring the cannulation force – the force required to insert the probe. When the probe contacts denser cortical tissue, it warns the user by providing tactile and visual feedback through a vibration motor and an LED. This enables the surgeon to redirect the probe and advance down the optimum path, preventing a possible breach. It proved successful in preventing breaches on lamb vertebrae, which closely resemble human vertebrae. This novel device improves feedback to the surgeon and eliminates the need for costly and potentially harmful ionizing radiation exposure. Furthermore, it does not depend on, or require, any preoperative imaging. The cost of manufacturing the improved probe is less than $42 USD (NT$1297). Results of patent searches for 加拿大, the 美國, and Europe suggest that the redesigned probe is unique in predicting and preventing breaches in spinal fusions based on predetermined force threshold values. The probe is also unique in enabling personalized procedures in spinal fusions for those with complications, through calibrating a control (force) limit based on tissue samples prior to the procedure. Enhancing a surgeon’s ability to determine an appropriate path for pedicle screws through a sensor-enabled probe has the potential to significantly reduce the incidence of vertebral breaches during spinal fusion surgery.

Internet search technology is a pervasively used utility that relies on techniques from the _eld of spectral graph theory. We present a novel spectral approach to investigate an existing problem: the critical group of the line graph has been characterized for regular nonbipartite graphs, but the general regular bipartite case remains open. Because of the ine_ectiveness of previous techniques in regular bipartite graphs, our approach provides a new perspective and aims to obtain the relationship between the spectra of the Laplacians of the graph G and its line graph bG. We obtain a theorem for the spectra of all regular bipartite graphs and demonstrate its e_ectiveness by completely characterizing the previously unknown critical group for a particular class of regular bipartite graphs, the incidence graphs of _nite projective planes with square order. This critical group is found to be Z2_(Z2q+2)q3􀀀1_(Zq2+q+1)q2+q􀀀1; where q is the order of the _nite projective plane.

Visual impairment is a major global health problem. In 2017, WHO estimated that there were 253 million people worldwide with this ailment. According to the journal of the American Medical association, the prevalence of visual impairment in the Saudi population is 9.3%. Learning Braille by families of students with visual impairments remains a major obstacle, which precipitates several communication issues. Moreover, difficulties for the students themselves lie in learning braille with languages that include diacritical marks; consequently, affecting their academic progress. My main objective of this project is to help improving life quality of these individuals, and the focus is to advance their social productivity and adaptation. This was accomplished through creating a new simpler Arabic writing system using geometrical shapes. As a part of this project, fifteen participants with visual impairments were interviewed and tried this new writing system; two of them are adults between 25 and 40 years old while the rest are students from 9 to 17 years old. Additionally, 100 participants with visual impairments completed a survey. The data showed that students learned this system in two hours in comparison with students that mastered braille in a few months. This shows that this system is easier to learn and subsequently saves time and effort. The most important value added to this project is that diacritical marks were combined with the alphabet, thereby considerably reducing book sizes compared to Braille-written books. This project presents a novel system that helps people with visual impairments to increase their confidence and independence.

棘海馬 (Hippocampus spinosissimus) 經飼養觀察首次發現排放標示物行為。標示物標記偏好的棲枝，為海洋珊瑚礁魚類中類似的標示的新發現行為。觀察棘海馬會由泄殖腔孔排放一種白色的標示物，其成分鏡檢證明與棘海馬的排遺無關，且其更容易在水中漂流並黏附在棲枝上。棘海馬利用嗅覺幫助尋找含標示物的棲枝 (卡方值 : 24.183, P<0.001)。棘海馬不會傾向攀附有其他海馬標示物的棲枝，無論相同性別間或異性間，均未達顯著水準。標示物中有效成分為水溶性物質，其效能在室溫下可維持約7天，且冷藏可延長其標示效能。經由解剖觀察，證實標示物的分泌器官為泄殖腔中的生殖腺，但生殖腺切片中證明標示物分泌與棘海馬繁殖無關。

Saccharomyces cerevisiae 是常用來研究老化的模式生物。S. cerevisiae的壽命稱為replicative lifespan (RLS)，被定義為母細胞一生中可產生的子代總數。S. cerevisiae有一種缺少整套粒線體DNA的突變種，稱為petite。在這個研究中，我們利用附解剖針之複式顯微鏡測量年輕單倍體細胞和老單倍體細胞形成的合子、年輕單倍體petite細胞和老單倍體細胞形成的合子之RLS。此外，我們也使用ROS螢光探針DCFH-DA及DHE測量不同單倍體細胞的ROS含量。實驗結果顯示ROS本身並不足以降低合子的壽命。本研究可為人類生殖細胞影響受精卵的機制提供有用的資訊。

本研究為紙電路印刷機之研發，我們將紙當成電路板的基材，以銅箔與銀箔為佈線的導電材料，透過自行開發的機台研究銅箔與銀箔在製作時，所需的時間、溫度、壓力、印刷電路完成度、耐流值與耐熱值等因素，來驗證我們研發的紙電路印刷機適合用於學校實習課程教學，培養學生LAYOUT的能力，同時也在獲得數值曲線的關係式之後，再加以製作更大作業面積的機台，以期能製作出更大的電路，而整個研究除了自行開發儀器及數據驗證外，亦可以把學生實習課程融入環境保護的概念以及文創商品整合的知識。

Cancer is the second leading cause of death today[1], accounting for nearly 1 in 6 deaths worldwide. Despite this, diagnosis and treatment models for cancer are limited and as such, new methods to identify and treat susceptible patients are required urgently. HLAF- adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) is an oncogene that is strongly implicated in the development of inflammation-associated cancers[2]. Previous research on this highly polymorphic gene has identified 2 haplotypes – the reference haplotype, which is found in both cancer patients and healthy individuals, as well as an additional haplotype that is occurs at higher frequency in cancer patients and is associated with higher odds of cancer. In this study, it was hypothesised that the cancer-associated FAT10 haplotype can better promote tumorigenicity and could thereby serve as a useful biomarker for cancer. Here, we functionally characterize the 2 FAT10 haplotypes to understand how they influence some of the hallmarks of cancer. The cancer-exclusive haplotype was observed to enhance hallmarks of cancer, namely uncontrolled cell growth, resisting cell death and anchorage-independent growth as compared to the reference haplotype. Moreover, we uncovered the differential gene expression patterns induced by each haplotype. Molecules involved in cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as transcription were upregulated by the cancer-associated haplotype and hence could have contributed to the increased tumourigenic potential of the cancer haplotype.