全國中小學科展

一等獎

以分頻多工及交流差動磁場強度為基礎之定位系統應用於無人飛行器控制系統的研究

本研究提出一套創新的定位系統,僅需設置單一已知參考點即能達成高精確度的定位,由該參考點上的兩個永久磁鐵的靜磁場轉換成時變場型之交流磁場,再透過分頻多工的數位訊號處理,分離出這兩個磁場源之差動磁場強度及其相位,以求得物體的位置資訊,達成不受空間中的多重路徑干擾及障礙物影響的精確定位。透過實驗證明,本套系統在實驗設定下具有10公分以內的定位精準度,同時可以支援微型無人飛行器的即時定位,對於未來各種行動裝置、穿戴科技與自動控制系統之定位需求,可提供具體的貢獻。

魚能發電之開發及應用

「魚能發電」是全新的能量擷取研究,讓魚類游動變成電能。海洋魚類生態研究著重在魚類追蹤,傳統追蹤器受限於電池容量無法長期追蹤,故以魚類追蹤器為目標,以流體分析軟體ANSYS模擬三維流場不同水流速度與形變量,找出追蹤器的最佳設計為前端鈍體為「正三角柱加尾翼」。 透過自製大型文氏管,將迴流水槽原僅每秒0.6公尺流速提高9倍達每秒5.37公尺,是目前台灣壓電發電水流實驗的最高流速。並透過快速傅利葉轉換及自製微電能整流儲能模組,獲得水流速度之頻率特性、發電量上升率,得到許多寶貴的研究數據。 本研究提出創新的壓電陶瓷軟性固定法,有效解決傳統迫緊固定易斷裂及防水問題,讓壓電陶瓷能應用在「魚能發電」;亦自製微電能整流儲能模組量測電能、仿魚尾鰭之不對稱尾翼,獲得最高發電量10μW,是魚類生態追縱新里程碑。

一種新的圖形導覽介面

利用電腦瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候,常受到螢幕空間大小的限制,沒有辦法在顯示圖形整體結構的同時也顯示細節部分。超廣角鏡頭是一種短焦距、大視角的相機鏡頭,鏡頭成像的時候,會有中間部分放大而周邊部分縮小的情形,藉由這個特性,我們發展出了一種新的圖形導覽介面,在瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候,有個圓形區域,該區域可隨著使用者的意願而自由移動,而區域內的圖形是以模擬超廣角鏡頭成像的方式呈現,且能夠與圓形區域外的圖形做銜接,如此,在瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候,除能夠顯示整體的結構外,也可以不開啟新視窗及無遮蔽的方式,即時地將想要觀察的部分做局部放大以展現細節。

Investigation of the Role of Mammalian Siderophore 2,5-DHBA in Neurodegeneration

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a 25-kDa secreted protein that belongs to the lipocalin family, is known to bind to a class of bacterial Fe-binding molecules known as siderophores. Iron is essential for bacterial growth. To obtain iron from host cells, bacteria produce siderophores, such as Enterochelin (Ent), to bind and transport host iron into the bacterial cell. In response, the host produces LCN2 to bind the iron-laden enterochelin, forming the tricomplex, LCN2: Ent: Fe3+. This inhibits bacterial growth as iron has been sequestered by LCN2. Devireddy et.al. 2005, proposed the binding of the tricomplex, LCN2: Ent: Fe3+ with the LCN2 receptor (LCN2R). This resulted in the internalisation of the complex, releasing the bound iron into the cell. The increase of intracellular iron was reported to cause cell mortality. Recent publications postulated 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) to be an endogenous mammalian siderophore homologue in mouse in vivo and in vitro studies, which could sequester LCN2 and iron. High iron concentrations in the brain have been consistently observed in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Accumulation of intracellular iron is known to be toxic to neurons, resulting in neurodegeneration. Hence, this study aims to determine the role of 2,5-DHBA as the mammalian siderophore in a cell culture model of neurodegeneration. We hypothesise that addition of 2,5-DHBA to cells exposed to LCN2 will result in increased iron uptake into neuronal cells, reducing cell viability. SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) cell line was used in our study. To determine if SH-SY5Y is a suitable cell line, endogenous levels of LCN2 and LCN2R mRNA and protein expression were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot analysis respectively. Preliminary results showed presence of both the LCN2R mRNA and protein but absence of LCN2 mRNA. This could be due to the low expression of LCN2 when not exposed to stress. Hence, to simulate conditions of neurodegeneration (by inducing high expression of LCN2), SH-SY5Y was treated with Kainic Acid (KA). After KA, LCN2 mRNA and protein expression levels will be detected again. With the successful upregulation of LCN2 gene expression, SH-SY5Y will be treated with 2,5-DHBA with KA treatment to determine cell viability using the MTS cell proliferation assay. A decreased cell viability or increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes would support the function of 2,5-DHBA as a mammalian siderophore in the brain. Furthermore, KA treatment can also be applied to microglial or astrocyte cell lines, which are known to secrete high levels of LCN2 when treated with KA. Co-culturing these cells with SH-SY5Y can allow us to study the downstream effects of secreted LCN2 from glial cells binding to the LCN2R receptors on SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. This study will help to further understanding of the relationship between 2,5-DHBA and cellular iron transport. If 2,5-DHBA is able to bind LCN2 and iron to increase intracellular iron levels in the neuronal cells, the formation of the tricomplex, LCN2: 2,5-DHBA: Fe3+, could be targeted for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases by reducing intracellular iron levels to help ameliorate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

Discovery, Cloning and Recombinant Expression of a Coral Peptide with anti-Bacteria activity

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a prevalent disease of the West which pathogenesis is driven by a combination interaction between bacteria and inflammatory cells. In this study, two Kazal domain peptide from Palythoa Caribaeorum were identified. They were found to exhibit serine protease inhibitory, anti-bacterial effects and low toxicity, making them ideal candidates for IBD treatment due to their ability to inhibit inflammatory cell migration and bacterial load. We amplified their coding DNA sequences via PCR and ligated the resulting PCR product into pGEX-4T3 vector. The recombinant plasmid was verified by sequencing, and restriction digest before being transformed into competent E.coli cells. Following transformation, we induced target peptides expression by IPTG to confirmed successful transformation and peptide production. Selected transformed bacterial colonies were expanded in LB broth before mixing with glycerol and frozen in -80°C freezer to complete the process of cell bank production.

用於機器人空間建模的仿生認知系統

本研究提出一可用於機器人空間探勘與辨識的仿生機器學習系統。本系統模仿生物大腦的層級性結構,各層級間透過雙向連結進行搜尋辨識與提示,並記憶空間中的感官、場景和位置資訊,分別由以下部分構成: 1. 感官細胞:辨識特定感官輸入類別。 2. 場景基模細胞:組合具方向性的感官細胞數據。 3. 網格細胞:接收移動數據的內在座標系統。 4. 位置細胞:整合感官數據與空間數據、建立拓樸空間認知地圖。 經模擬實驗證明,本系統能在第一次探勘時建立空間認知地圖,並於再次造訪時成功匹配位置細胞進行定位。本系統有異地探勘、在複雜空間中進行路徑與任務規劃等廣泛應用。

冰與火的吶喊-2010年冰島艾雅法拉火山爆發對大氣對流層的影響

我們使用福爾摩沙衛星三號在冰島艾雅法拉火山2010年爆發期間(2010年3月5日~4月29日)測得的大氣資料,討論火山爆發對大氣對流層溫度變化的影響。初步獲得以下結論: 火山噴發能量大小與大氣層對流層頂降溫溫差成正比;火山噴發能量小,對流層溫度變化的影響多發生在低空處、火山噴發能量大,對大氣溫度影響高度偏高;以及火山噴發持續時間對溫度的影響也成正比關係。此外還討論了火山灰雲的分布影響溫度的變化情形:在迎風處火山灰雲聚集,其聚集處陽光被遮擋了,無法照射到地表,因此溫度較低。

CHST11基因表現量對於肺癌細胞產生上皮間質轉化(EMT)之影響 The Expression of CHST11 Controls Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in lung cancer cells

肺癌的轉移是治療失敗的主因之一,因此了解癌細胞轉移的機制對於治療肺癌極為重要。上皮間質轉化(EMT)是癌細胞轉移的起始,且代謝體異常更是影響肺癌細胞EMT的關鍵,然而相關機制仍不明確。本研究對肺腺癌細胞EMT前後的基因體學資料(GSE49644),以及臨床上246位肺腺癌病人的EMT狀態(GSE31210),分析其關聯性以及預後指標意義。根據分析結果,並進一步查閱相關文獻後發現CHST11在癌症中角色極不明確,因此,我們針對CHST11基因進行進一步的研究,探討CHST11表現量與肺癌細胞發生EMT的關係以及其可能機制。 根據實驗結果,本研究發現:一、葡萄胺聚糖生合成路徑與非小細胞肺癌的 EMT高度相關; 二、CHST11- SNAI2路徑可調控肺癌細胞EMT過程; 三、 CHST11可做為肺癌病人的不良預後指標。這些結果或許能幫助我們更了解在肺癌細胞的代謝體異常對於肺癌細胞EMT過程中的作用。

利用線蟲模式研究飲食對於神經老化的影響及其分子機制

飲食是否影響老化一直是個有趣的議題。秀麗隱桿線蟲有透明體腔、月餘的生命週期,為研究老化的極佳模式生物,和E. coli OP50相比,Comamonas DA1877會加速線蟲生長並縮短壽命。本研究旨在探討DA1877飲食是否造成線蟲早衰及其分子機制。實驗中先確認DA1877加速線蟲生長,並發現食用此飲食的線蟲具有較嚴重的頭部損害且擺尾速度減緩的老化特徵,說明此飲食使線蟲早衰。也採用Pmec-7::mRFP線蟲比較不同飲食下感覺神經老化狀況,更使用aldicarb藥物探討線蟲的癱瘓速率,發現DA1877不僅使線蟲早衰也改變感覺神經型態與運動神經功能。為了探討此現象的分子機制,採用與氧化壓力相關的核心轉錄因子daf-16 基轉種Pdaf-16:DAF-16a/b::GFP比較不同飲食下細胞核螢光顯現量,得知 DA1877使DAF-16入核表現,推測此飲食對線蟲而言為氧化壓力。已知OP50和DA1877在S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)含量上有顯著差異,未來希望以缺乏SAM合成酶之sams-1突變種進行實驗,了解DA1877使線蟲早衰的路徑。

不飽和脂肪酸omega-3對膽管癌的影響

膽管癌是原發性惡性肝腫瘤,其存活率不高且症狀不明顯,診斷出癌症通常已無藥可醫,因此研發抑制的方法極為迫切。許多研究指出不飽和脂肪酸omega-3和抑制發炎反應有密切關聯,發炎反應會使細胞增生,進而有機會導致癌症。本研究使用omega-3,探討其是否能應用於抑制膽管癌。 我們使用兩種對象,一為人類膽管癌細胞株HuCCT1,二為轉基因斑馬魚。我們觀察人類膽管癌細胞,探討omega-3是否抑制其生長情形,並進行即時聚合酶鏈鎖反應測試發炎、細胞週期與細胞轉移基因。在斑馬魚上則研究omega-3能否降低斑馬魚發炎基因的表現量。結果顯示發炎、細胞週期、細胞轉移基因在添加魚油後的膽管癌細胞株中表現量降低。動物實驗中,患有能夠導致膽管癌且有較高比例omega-3的三轉基因魚,其中發炎基因表現量和只具有能夠導致膽管癌的斑馬魚相較有降低。