分子篩與過氧化氫感測器
目前市面上缺乏簡單而精準的過氧化氫檢測法，我們參考Fenton Reaction 中，鐵離子對過氧化氫分解的催化模式，利用鐵、鈷、鎳、錳、鋅分子篩，測試他們催化過氧化氫分解反應的效率，從成本、毒性、活化能的多方考量下，選擇以分子篩來固定金屬催化離子，作為我們後續實驗的研究主軸。實驗的初步，我們選擇過氧化氫作為自由基，並著重於過氧化氫的分解反應。利用濃差電池的原理，設計出一套濃度檢測系統，由分子篩作為電極。鑒於粉末狀的分子篩容易流失，我們製備出陶土鐵分子篩，以陶土固定分子篩，並以此作為電極，搭配白金絲，透過能士特方程式，測出過氧化氫的濃度，且藉由電路調控放大倍率，可以直接控制檢測範圍。從實驗結果得知，鐵分子篩在處理過氧化氫的時候，不會有鐵離子溶出的現象，且其催化性在酸性液中可以維持，能不斷的使用，長時間來看，分子篩相當有經濟與環境保護上的價值。We attempted to provide a system for quickly determining the concentration of free radicals. The existing methods or techniques are inefficient or need expensive equipment, therefore, an inexpensive system is being sought for. As a preliminary study, we focused on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Taking the Fenton reaction as reference, we designed a measuring system. This system includes a catalyst containing Fe or Pt ions for catalyzing hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction. The Fe- and Pt-zeolite were prepared to hold Fe and Pt ions to avoid losing. Because the electrically induced potential would decrease with the decrease in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, we could measure the concentration of hydrogen peroxide by monitoring the electrical potential. We determined the initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide in water from the initial electrical potential measured through the equation obtained from the calibration line. The practicability of this system has been assured after a series of experiments. We will further develop the technique for measuring other free radicals. We anticipate that this technique will be further developed for measuring other free radicals. Although there are several problems and limitations to be solved and conquered, one thing is for sure: this system is an environment-friendly and cost-effective facility for determining the concentration of free radicals in an aqueous solution.
磁性流体薄膜在水平磁場下結構型態之研究
本研究探討不同的控制變因，對磁性流體薄膜在水平磁場下有序結構的影響。我們發現，外加水平磁場於磁流體薄膜時，會形成一維有序磁鍊排列，磁鍊間距除會隨著磁場增強而變小外，另外其條件值如磁場強度、流體濃度、磁增率、薄膜寬度及厚度等也影響磁鍊間距。其中磁增率及磁流體濃度增加會使磁鍊間距變小，而凹槽寬度及薄膜厚度增加會使磁鍊間距變大等現象。至於其形成磁鍊的物理作用，我們假設薄膜有三種能量交互作用，即(1)磁鍊與外加磁場間的磁能UdH。(2)兩條同方向磁化的磁鍊間相互排斥所造成的磁能Udd。(3)熱能Uther等。藉由系統能量Udh+Udd+Uther最小化，我們導出了磁鍊間距和外加磁場之間理論上的關係，並比較實驗結果確實具有相當的一致性。因這些有序結構會引發許多的光學性質，將來這些特殊的光學性質預料應可製成可調式光柵、光開關及顯示器等光電元件，使磁流體在奈米世界及光電領域裡扮演重要角色。We investigate experimentally the structure of the magnetic chains formed in the magnetic fluid thin film under the influence of the external magnetic field parallel to the film surface. A one-dimensional ordered structure forced by magnetic chains can be obtain in the magnetic fluid film. It is worth noting that the ordered structure can be manipulated by changing the control parameters such as the magnetic field, concentration of magnetic fluid, the thickness of the film, the width of the film, and the dH/dt. On the other hand, the physical mechanism of forming the ordered structure can be also studied theoretically. These magnetic chains are regarded as magnetic dipoles and three possible interactions are condisered for the energy of the system: the attracting potential energy between the magnetic chain and H(denoted by UdH),the repulsive potential energy between two magnetic chains with parallel magnetizations(denoted by Udd), and the thermal energy Uther. The relationship between the chain distance △x and the applied magnetic field H was derived by minimizing the total energy of the system with respect to the chain distance. The experimental data is consistent with the theoretical results.
灰階影像內容之檢索技術
資訊時代的來臨，促使我們的社會型態大幅改變，無一不朝數位化的方向邁進。網際網路與資訊科技的快速發展，近年來影像資料庫和數位圖書館大量的成立，關於影像資料檢索的研究已漸漸成為一門極為重要的研究議題。在本研究報告中，我們提出一種植基於向量量化編碼法的灰階影像檢索技術。向量量化編碼法是一種極為簡單的影像壓縮技術。我們應用這個編碼法，來萃取出灰階影像內容的特徵值。同時我們也計算出整張影像與影像中間位置的像素平均值，作為日後檢索影像時過濾掉影像資料庫中不需要比對特徵值的依據。\r 我們所提出的方法能有效地萃取影像內容的特徵值並且讓使用者可以快速且正確地查詢到所需要的影像。當影像資料庫中存在與查詢影像完全相同的影像時，我們的檢索技術都能在第一時間第一順位檢索出這張影像。即便影像資料庫中不存在與查詢影像完全相同的影像時，我們的檢索技術平均74.3%也能在第一時間前五個順位檢索出最相似的影像。\r \r With the coming of the information age, our sociological system change extensively, and everything has moves toward digitization. Due to the rapid development of Internet, information technology, the rapid growth of image databases and digital libraries recently, the related researches of image retrieval have become a very important issue. In this memoir, we propose an image retrieval scheme based on the vector quantization to retrieve similar images from the image database according to the pre-collected image features. Vector quantization is a very simple image compression scheme. We have applied vector quantization to extract features from grayscale image. In order to speed up the retrieval process, we also calculated the mean pixel values of whole images and the central part of the image to filter the images, which are significantly dissimilar to the query image.\r The experimental results show that our proposed approaches can effectively extract features from the image and enable users to retrieve images from image database quickly and accurately. When images stored in image database match query image, the proposed scheme can instantly retrieve the stored image at the first rank. Even though images stored in image database query image exactly, the proposed scheme can instantly retrieve the stored image over 74.3% at the first five ranks.
讓視域更遼闊--在有限的螢幕空間上顯示更多的圖形式資訊
在利用電腦螢幕來瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候，常常受限於螢幕的空間，沒有辦法在顯示\r 資訊整體結構的同時顯現細節部分的資料，目前的使用者介面所採用的方法有放大（zoom\r in）、捲動（scrolling）、開啟多個視窗（multiple view）等方法，這些方法雖然可以呈現出資\r 料的細節部分，但是仍有其個別的缺點存在，放大的方式會有遮蔽的情形；捲動的方式無\r 法同時地呈現整體結構；開啟多個視窗的方法使得使用者的眼睛必須在這些視窗間來回的\r 移動，造成麻煩。\r 魚眼鏡頭是一種短焦距、大視角的相機鏡頭，鏡頭成像的時候，越接近鏡頭中心的物\r 體會越放大而越遠的部分會越縮小，藉著發掘魚眼鏡頭的成像函數，我們發展出了一種新\r 的使用者介面，在瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候，能夠顯示整體的結構，並隨著滑鼠游標的移動，\r 以不開啟新視窗及無遮蔽的方式，即時地將想要觀察的部分局部放大以展現細部的資料，\r 這種使用者介面將具備現有方法的優點而無其缺點。\r Browsing the global structure of a large graph in limited screen space has the drawback that details\r are often too small to be seen. The most common solution provides a scrollable view. This shows full\r details at the region currently visible through the view, but hides the rest of the global structure.\r Alternatively, zooming into a part of the graph does show local details but misses the overall structure of\r the graph. The multiple views approach, one view of the entire graph and the other of a zoomed portion,\r has the advantage of seeing both local details and overall structure, but has the drawback that parts of the\r graph adjacent to the enlarged area are not visible at all in the enlarged views.\r A fisheye camera lens is a very wide angle lens that magnifies nearby objects while shrinking distant\r objects. It seems to be a tool for seeing local detail and global structure simultaneously. By means of\r exploring fisheye camera lens, we develop a user interface for browsing graphs using program analog of\r fisheye lens. Thus, our method seems to have all the advantages of the other approaches without suffering\r from any of the drawbacks.\r \r
人面蜘蛛藉調整絲基因表現及網結構促進捕食效率
前人研究顯示結網性蜘蛛會因環境中獵物組成的改變而改變其網結構。然而，除了結構之外，構成網的絲的物理性質與蜘蛛網的捕捉效率也應有密切之關連，但目前並無人探討蜘蛛是否會因獵物而調整絲之化學及物理性質。在本研究中，我以人面蜘蛛為材料，探討：(一)其在面對不同類型之獵物時是否調整其網之結構，絲之胺基酸組成和其物理性質；(二)所產生之改變是否能促進不同類型獵物的捕食效率；以及(三)是獵物之養份或振動刺激引起這些改變。我藉著操控獵物的養份及振動刺激將人面蜘蛛分成四個處理組，分別餵以活蟋蟀(C 組)，活蒼蠅(F 組)，死蟋蟀加蒼蠅振動刺激(Cd 組)及死蒼蠅加蟋蟀振動刺激(Fd 組)。在完成食控處理後比較各組間之網結構、絲胺基酸組成、絲物理性質、對不同獵物之留置能力以及振動訊號傳遞能力。實驗結果顯示F 組之蜘蛛所結之網有較大的面積及較小的網目，並有較佳之蒼蠅留置力；然而此結構之改變卻會降低其振動訊號傳遞率。C 組之蜘蛛所結之網有較強之張力及較佳之蟋蟀留置力，而且其所產之曳絲有較高比例之alanine、glycine 及glutamine 並較佳之延伸度及韌度，以因應體型較大之獵物。上述結果顯示人面蜘蛛能調整網的結構、絲的蛋白質組成及物理性質來更有效率的捕捉不同類型的獵物。而由於上述各樣變數在C 及F 組間有顯著差異，而在獵物養份與振動訊號錯置的Cd 與Fd 組間無顯著差異，顯示此二項刺激需同時存在才能使人面蜘蛛在面對不同類型獵物時產生結網行為及絲基因表現之改變。Previous studies showed that orb-weaving spiders may adjust web structures when encountering different types of prey. In addition to web structures, silk physical properties should also be critical in affecting the prey catching efficiency of webs. However, so far no one has studied whether spiders adjust silk chemical and physical properties when encountering different types of prey. In this study, I used the giant wood spider Nephila pilipes to investigate (1) would N. pilipes adjust web structures, silk amino acid composition and silk physical properties when encountering different types of prey (2) would such changes enhance the catching efficiency of different prey and (3) were such changes generated by prey chemical composition or vibration signals? To answer these questions, I manipulated prey chemical composition and vibration signals by assigning N. pilipes into the following four feeding groups: (1) living crickets (group C), (2) living flies (group F), (3) dead cricket but with fly vibration signals (group Cd) and (4) dead flies but with cricket vibration signals (group Fd). After the feeding treatments were completed the following variables were compared between the feeding groups: web structures, silk amino acid composition, silk physical properties, retention time of different prey and vibration signal transmission rate of webs. The results showed that the webs built by spiders fed with living flies exhibited larger area, smaller mesh and longer fly retention time. However, such structural changes also reduced the vibration signal transmission ability of the web. On the other hand, webs built by spiders fed with living crickets were stiffer and retained crickets longer. Moreover, their silks exhibited higher percentages of alanine, glycine, glutamine and consequently higher elasticity and strength to cope with the larger prey. These results demonstrated that spiders can adjust web structures, silk protein composition and silk physical properties to enhance the catching efficiency of different prey. While the aforementioned variables differed significantly between spiders in C and F groups, they did not vary between spiders in Cd and Fd groups, in which groups the prey chemical composition and vibration signals were decoupled. Such result suggested that prey chemical composition and vibration signal were both needed in generating changes in web building behavior and silk gene expression in spiders.
環境標籤---地衣與環境污染的探討
隨著工商業發展，環境污染日益嚴重，對多數生長在這塊土地上的人，無疑造成了非常嚴重的影響。但若想要監控目前環境中的空氣品質，則必須具備專業的訓練，及昂貴的實驗設備，對一般民眾而言，根本就做不到。\r 藉由指標植物對所生長環境的高度敏感性，可以發展出一套純天然且免費的環境污染偵測器，不但方便、免攜帶、無須高級儀器協助、更不需要專業的分析技術。為此，我們以對二氧化硫等空氣污染物極為敏感的地衣作為指標植物，對其進行生態與環境污染關係的一系列觀察，並設計相關的實驗，找出環境污染物對地衣的實際影響，使其能夠實際的應用於日常生活，並可加以推廣，讓人人都可以利用地衣來了解自己所處的環境是否遭受污染，為自己家園的環境優劣把關。\r \r 文摘要 :\r With the development of industry and business , environmental pollutions become more and more serious . Undoubtedly , those pollutions have a great effect on us.\r However , by the means of the indicator plant which is highly sensitive to its environment , we can develop a set of natural and free environmental pollution detectors . In this project , we use lichenes,which are very sensitive to air pollution , to do a series of observations and to find out the influence the pollutants have on lichenes . If we can apply this to our regular lives , everyone can use lichenes to see if their environment is polluted or not .