全國中小學科展

二等獎

A Person Re-identification based Misidentification-proof Person Following Service Robot

Two years ago, I attended a robot contest, in which one of the missions required the robot to follow the pedestrian to complete the task. At that time, I used their demo program to complete the task. Not long after, I found two main issues: 1. The program follows the closest point read by the depth camera, which if I walk close to a wall next to, the robot may likely ‘follow’ the wall. 2. Not to mention if another pedestrian crosses between the robot and the target. Regarding these two issues, I decided to improve it. We’ve designed a procedure of using YOLO Object Detection and Person re-identification to re-identify the target for continuous following.

The Use of Brine Shrimp to Test for Water Pollutants

The use of brine shrimp nauplii to test for the overall toxicity of sediment samples is proposed. Brine shrimp nauplii were cultured with different concentrations of heavy metals, including chromium (III), copper (II), nickel, lead and zinc, and organic pollutants, including triclosan, oxybenzone, octinoxate and bisphenol A. The brine shrimp nauplii were observed under a dissection microscope to determine the death rate. Results showed that brine shrimp nauplii are more sensitive to copper, cadmium, bisphenol A and oxybenzone. The LC50 (24h) are 55.5, 24.9, 5.6 and 2.7 ppm respectively. Zinc is likely to have synergistic toxic effect with nickel or lead. The synergistic toxic effects of other heavy metals and organic pollutants should be confirmed with further investigations. Brine shrimp nauplii were treated with extracts from sediment samples collected from the oyster culture zone of the Deep Bay, namely Pak Nei, Sha Kiu Tsuen and Hang Hau Tsuen. The sediment samples were extracted with neutral sodium acetate to dissolve the exchangeable heavy metal ions and some organic pollutants. The death rate of brine shrimp nauplii treated with the sediment extract of Hang Hau Tsuen was similar to 1 ppm PBA. It was also about 10 to 20% higher than that of the other two sites (Pak Nei and Sha Kiu Tsuen). Since Hang Hau Tsuen is closer to the residential area and Lau Fau Shan Seafood Market than the other two sites, its sediment sample is likely to have a higher level of environmental pollutants. The results suggest that brine shrimp nauplii may be used as a biomarker to monitor the environmental changes in the overall level of pollutants in sediment samples.

A Person Re-identification based Misidentification-proof Person Following Service Robot

Two years ago, I attended a robot contest, in which one of the missions required the robot to follow the pedestrian to complete the task. At that time, I used their demo program to complete the task. Not long after, I found two main issues: 1. The program follows the closest point read by the depth camera, which if I walk close to a wall next to, the robot may likely ‘follow’ the wall. 2. Not to mention if another pedestrian crosses between the robot and the target. Regarding these two issues, I decided to improve it. We’ve designed a procedure of using YOLO Object Detection and Person re-identification to re-identify the target for continuous following.

缺氧誘導肺腺癌分泌含有CD151之Exosome於肝臟營造腫瘤轉移前微環境相關作用

缺氧(Hypoxia)在癌症中,影響腫瘤微環境(Tumor microenvironment,TME)的重塑扮演重要的角色。原位癌細胞與欲轉移之遠端器官的微環境間,會透過細胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)進行細胞間相互作用,對於轉移前腫瘤微環境(Pre-metastatic niche,PMN)的形成和轉移過程至關重要。 本研究目的在闡明缺氧條件下,肺腺癌如何透過產生的外囊泡重塑肝臟轉移前微環境。結果顯示缺氧刺激肺癌產生的細胞外泌體(Exosome)增加了肝臟星狀細胞(hepatic stellate cell,HSC)活化和血管生成。由於缺氧肺癌所分泌的EVs含有CD151蛋白,促進HSC的活化和血管新生。缺氧肺癌所產生的Exosome增 加了HSC和內皮細胞中FAK(focal adhesion kinase)、Src(SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase)和AKT(AKT serine/threonine kinase)通路的激活。 總結此實驗證實了缺氧腫瘤衍生的Exosomes,探討其中富含的CD151機制,活化了HSC與特別的訊息傳遞於細胞中,調節肝臟PMN的形成。因此CD151可作為肺腺癌轉移至肝臟的新治療靶點。

摘要演算法和語句分析之關聯性

在這個資訊發達的時代,網路充滿著五花八門的資訊,導致我們在查詢資料時會因為這些雜亂且未經過濾的資料浪費許多時間,其中最為氾濫的便是點擊誘餌(clickbait),此種新聞常常有著吸引人的標題,而內容卻不會與主題相符,人們也常常在讀完整篇文章後才意識到自己浪費了許多時間在無意義的資訊上面。解決此問題很常用的方法之一便是運用摘要演算法來讓讀者先對新聞有一個大概的理解,不過,雖然摘要演算法越來越普及,但產生出來的摘要仍會和人為判斷的結果有所差距,進而造成閱讀理解上的錯誤以及偏差,所以我們想要藉由這次研究,從一個嶄新的角度切入,探討摘要演算法和句型分析之間的關係,融合原本向量建構的方式以及語句結構的分析來測試摘要的準確度,並且由結果研發出一個可以產生出更為精確的主旨之摘要演算法,除此之外,我們也會融合實地調查以及搜集意見的方式來更進一步探討人們思模式與產生出的摘要之關聯性。

分子拓印修飾磁性奈米粒子萃取福壽螺卵中蝦紅素之探討

本研究以二氯化鐵和三氯化鐵所合成之磁性奈米粒子為基底,包覆上以蝦紅素為模板修飾的二氧化矽,製作出具有蝦紅素專一性的磁性奈米粒子,應用於萃取福壽螺卵中之蝦紅素。 利用干擾物證明磁性奈米萃取粒子具有蝦紅素的專一性,再探討奈米粒子合成及萃取條件的影響。福壽螺卵經過打碎離心後,依序加入0.2 M氫氧化鈉及1 mM十二烷基硫酸鈉,使蝦紅素水解並去脫去蛋白質轉換為游離態。當模板濃度為0.059 mg/mL、TEOS濃度為1.892 mg/mL和蝦紅素的濃度為0.07 mg/mL時,會有最佳的萃取率達60.7 %。此磁性奈米粒子在萃取步驟後,再以丙酮進行脫附,至少重複使用3次。此技術可減少福壽螺的農害,也極具經濟價值,很值得研究。

Properties of possible counterexamples to the Seymour's Second Neighborhood Conjecture

The project is devoted to the study of the Seymour’s Second Neighborhood conjecture by determining the properties of possible counterexamples to it. This problem has remained unsolved for more than 30 years, although there is some progress in its solution. The vector of the research is aimed at the analysis of possible counterexamples to the conjecture with the subsequent finding of some of their characteristic values. In addition, attention is focused on the generalized Seymour’s conjecture for vertex-weighted graphs. Combinatorial research methods and graph theory methods were used in the project. The author determines the values ​​of densities and diameters of possible counterexamples, considers separately directed graphs of diameter 3. The conditions under which specific graphs cannot be counterexamples to the Seymour’s conjecture with the minimum number or vertices are defined. The relationship between the Seymour’s conjecture and vertex-weighted Seymour’s conjecture is explained. It is proved that if there exists at least one counterexample, then there exist counterexamples with an arbitrary diameter not less than 3. Under the same condition, the existence of counterexamples with a density both close to 0 and close to 1 is also proved. The equivalence of the above two conjectures is substantiated in detail. It can be concluded that if the Seymour’s Second Neighborhood Conjecture is true for a directed graph of diameter 3, then it is true for any digraph, so that problem will be solved. Moreover, if the conjecture is true, then vertex-weighted version of this conjecture is true too. That is why a digraph of diameter 3 needs further research.

The Use of Brine Shrimp to Test for Water Pollutants

The use of brine shrimp nauplii to test for the overall toxicity of sediment samples is proposed. Brine shrimp nauplii were cultured with different concentrations of heavy metals, including chromium (III), copper (II), nickel, lead and zinc, and organic pollutants, including triclosan, oxybenzone, octinoxate and bisphenol A. The brine shrimp nauplii were observed under a dissection microscope to determine the death rate. Results showed that brine shrimp nauplii are more sensitive to copper, cadmium, bisphenol A and oxybenzone. The LC50 (24h) are 55.5, 24.9, 5.6 and 2.7 ppm respectively. Zinc is likely to have synergistic toxic effect with nickel or lead. The synergistic toxic effects of other heavy metals and organic pollutants should be confirmed with further investigations. Brine shrimp nauplii were treated with extracts from sediment samples collected from the oyster culture zone of the Deep Bay, namely Pak Nei, Sha Kiu Tsuen and Hang Hau Tsuen. The sediment samples were extracted with neutral sodium acetate to dissolve the exchangeable heavy metal ions and some organic pollutants. The death rate of brine shrimp nauplii treated with the sediment extract of Hang Hau Tsuen was similar to 1 ppm PBA. It was also about 10 to 20% higher than that of the other two sites (Pak Nei and Sha Kiu Tsuen). Since Hang Hau Tsuen is closer to the residential area and Lau Fau Shan Seafood Market than the other two sites, its sediment sample is likely to have a higher level of environmental pollutants. The results suggest that brine shrimp nauplii may be used as a biomarker to monitor the environmental changes in the overall level of pollutants in sediment samples.

Properties of possible counterexamples to the Seymour's Second Neighborhood Conjecture

The project is devoted to the study of the Seymour’s Second Neighborhood conjecture by determining the properties of possible counterexamples to it. This problem has remained unsolved for more than 30 years, although there is some progress in its solution. The vector of the research is aimed at the analysis of possible counterexamples to the conjecture with the subsequent finding of some of their characteristic values. In addition, attention is focused on the generalized Seymour’s conjecture for vertex-weighted graphs. Combinatorial research methods and graph theory methods were used in the project. The author determines the values ​​of densities and diameters of possible counterexamples, considers separately directed graphs of diameter 3. The conditions under which specific graphs cannot be counterexamples to the Seymour’s conjecture with the minimum number or vertices are defined. The relationship between the Seymour’s conjecture and vertex-weighted Seymour’s conjecture is explained. It is proved that if there exists at least one counterexample, then there exist counterexamples with an arbitrary diameter not less than 3. Under the same condition, the existence of counterexamples with a density both close to 0 and close to 1 is also proved. The equivalence of the above two conjectures is substantiated in detail. It can be concluded that if the Seymour’s Second Neighborhood Conjecture is true for a directed graph of diameter 3, then it is true for any digraph, so that problem will be solved. Moreover, if the conjecture is true, then vertex-weighted version of this conjecture is true too. That is why a digraph of diameter 3 needs further research.

利用 CRISPR/Cas 技術重建複雜的DNA 修復機制

本研究利用合成生物學技術開發的創新基因組篩檢平台PRISM(v2.0),採用合成轉錄因子(crispr-TF)辨認DNA但不進行剪切,透過修改CRISPR/Cas的PAM-interacting (PI) domain序列打破其辨認限制,由原本NGG序列變成可以結合NAG的序列,提升crispr-TF在高通量基因組的篩選能力,期待未來可以做出辨認NNN序列,以此技術初步成功建構Chk2/Rad53所參與的基因網絡,讓失去Chk2/Rad53功能的酵母菌能在DNA損傷的情況生存。Chk2/Rad53蛋白磷酸酶在DNA修復的訊息傳遞中調控龐大的基因網絡,其中潛在大量不同調控路徑聯結的組合性,過去的研究都無法有效地分析且重建完整的DNA修復機制。未來將進一步探討Chk2/Rad53調控的下游基因組,並以此新技術和研究應用於複雜腫瘤與老化疾病的預防及治療。