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二等獎

探討粒線體如何參與調控細胞內鈣離子訊息傳遞

鈣池調控鈣離子內流(store-operated calcium entry, SOCE)是非興奮性細胞中最主要的鈣離子通道。當內質網缺乏鈣離子時,位在內質網上的STIM1(Stromal interaction molecule 1)便會改變構型與在細胞膜上的ORAI1(Calcium relaease-activated calcium channel protein1)接合,激活SOCE的路徑。近來的研究顯示,粒線體會影響SOCE的活性。已知平均有5%-20%的粒線體藉由連繫蛋白與內質網相連。又已知內職網在缺乏鈣離子時會移動至細胞膜附近,故我們認為粒線體有很大的機率藉由連繫蛋白與內質網一同移動至細胞膜並透過吸收鈣離子的機制來調控SOCE的活性。 在使細胞表現特定螢光蛋白的前提下,我們透過活體細胞攝影來觀察特定對象(粒線體、粒線體內鈣離子)的動態變化。 從實驗結果中我們發現:當SOCE被激活後,粒線體會移動至SOCE發生處且較靠近STIM1。又絕大部分移動至SOCE發生處的粒線體同時也會吸收鈣離子。 過去的研究已證實,當粒線體與內質網之間缺乏鈣離子時,SOCE的活性會降低,且當粒線體內膜的主要鈣離子通道MCU(Mitochondria calcium uniporter)缺乏時,亦會導致相同的結果。又從我們的實驗可知當SOCE被激活時,粒線體會移動至SOCE發生處並吸收鈣離子。綜合上述,我們可以推論以下機制,當細胞內的SOCE被激活時,粒線體會藉由連繫蛋白與內質網一同移動至SOCE發生處,同時以吸收鈣離子的方式來調控SOCE的活性以及細胞內的鈣離子濃度。

Co-movement!秋颱共伴效應之深入探討

共伴效應發生的颱風時常帶來嚴重災情,促使我們投入對秋颱共伴效應的分析。利用地面風場、輻合輻散場、衛星雲圖、測站氣壓雨量等統計資料以及颱風路徑等資料分析後,顯示在中央氣象局分類的五號、六號、九號路徑的颱風,發生共伴效應的比例較其他路經之颱風高。在風場與輻合輻散場之比較得知共伴會隨著颱風環流與東北季風相對位置的接近而產生增強的現象,再用地面天氣圖與雨量統計資料確認高壓靠海導致東北季風含水氣量的增加也會加強共伴雲帶降水。利用數十個颱風與六個測站雨量與風向的變化結果相互比較後,得知地形風向效應也會導致當地瞬時及總降雨量增減,而風向與地形走向之夾角越趨近於垂直影響雨量的效果則越顯著,而颱風路徑與共伴地形效應也有極大關聯性。最後利用高空比濕場驗證垂直上空氣舉升效應,確認風向輻合確實會造成氣塊舉升。

Automated Inflation and Pressure Regulation for Recreational and Professional Cyclists

Cycling is a very popular mode of transport as well as a famous sport around the world. Many people enjoy this sport either professionally or recreationally. Cycling in the UK alone has grown up to 200% since lockdown in 2020. (Chandler, 2020) Cyclists make use of a broad selection of products to enhance their performance. Those products range from wireless gear shifting, advanced geometry, smart suspension. This project is aimed to indicate the importance of tire pressure and to introduce a product which will be able to adjust tire pressure while cycling. This product will give cyclist an advantage on different terrains as well as eliminate some common problems amongst cyclists. Flat tires are one of these problems. It occurs commonly amongst cyclists and can happen due to a variety of reasons. Another problem is wrongly inflated tires. This causes unnecessary loss in a cyclist’s power and speeds due to the high rolling resistance between the tires and the surface. This then results in losing time whether racing or commuting. In an article published in 2014 in Velonews.com, Lennard Zinn states: “Whether on tarmac or singletrack, a tire with lower rolling resistance reduces the power required to move forward while also providing a better quality ride. The tire absorbs small bumps by not transferring them into the bicycle and rider, resulting in a smoother ride, faster speeds, and better cornering." (Zinn, 2014) Taking this in consideration it becomes clear that it is important to develop a system which is able to control tire pressure.

Crossing Number of Join Product of Some Graphs

A drawing of a graph G is a representation of G on a plane, with its vertices represented by distinct points, and its edges by arcs connecting the corresponding points. The crossing number of G is the minimum number of intersections between arcs across all possible drawings of G.

A Person Re-identification based Misidentification-proof Person Following Service Robot

Two years ago, I attended a robot contest, in which one of the missions required the robot to follow the pedestrian to complete the task. At that time, I used their demo program to complete the task. Not long after, I found two main issues: 1. The program follows the closest point read by the depth camera, which if I walk close to a wall next to, the robot may likely ‘follow’ the wall. 2. Not to mention if another pedestrian crosses between the robot and the target. Regarding these two issues, I decided to improve it. We’ve designed a procedure of using YOLO Object Detection and Person re-identification to re-identify the target for continuous following.

超立方體最小控制集建構方式的探討

本研究將至多8維的超立方體(hypercube)Qn最小控制集(minimum dominating set)MDS(Qn)建構方式一般化,並藉由同構(isomorphic)的分類討論提出的建構模式之唯一性與否。由文獻得出的各超立方體最小控制集大小γ(Qn)以及已知的控制集形式,並從控制集重複控制的次數R(MDS(Qn )),我們得出Qn的平方圖中最小控制集形成的子圖Qn2 [MDS(Qn )]可能的連通分量(component)數,最後透過Qn層狀圖(layered graph)中各層控制點數的運算,篩選得出可行的建構方式。 研究得出MDS(Q1 )、MDS(Q2)、MDS(Q3)、MDS(Q5)、MDS(Q7)只有一種同構;MDS(Q4)、MDS(Q6)有兩種同構,同時我們發現MDS(Q5)與MDS(Q6)構造上的關聯;Q8的情況較為複雜,我們先是證明了γ(Q8 )=32,並討論MDS(Q8)與MDS(Q7)構造上的關聯,提出了建構MDS(Q8)之方式。

A Person Re-identification based Misidentification-proof Person Following Service Robot

Two years ago, I attended a robot contest, in which one of the missions required the robot to follow the pedestrian to complete the task. At that time, I used their demo program to complete the task. Not long after, I found two main issues: 1. The program follows the closest point read by the depth camera, which if I walk close to a wall next to, the robot may likely ‘follow’ the wall. 2. Not to mention if another pedestrian crosses between the robot and the target. Regarding these two issues, I decided to improve it. We’ve designed a procedure of using YOLO Object Detection and Person re-identification to re-identify the target for continuous following.

陶瓷燒成新技術- 以家用微波爐及自製集熱盒燒製高溫陶瓷之研究Research on firing high temperature ceramics with household microware oven and self-made heat collection box

本研究以家用微波爐及自製集熱盒燒製高溫陶瓷,用於家用微波爐的集熱盒材料的材質以玻璃纖維為主體為佳,集熱材料使用碳化矽顆粒級配重量比為1:3(320目碳化矽:180目碳化矽) 有最佳的微波吸熱效率並半浸泡的方式沾黏3.02mm (10層)最好;集熱盒玻璃纖維與集熱材料碳化矽之間的高溫黏著劑,以體積比3:7(矽酸鈉:水)為最佳配比。以家用微波爐搭配自製集熱盒可於26.5分鐘便可燒結陶瓷上釉作品,與傳統電窯需480分鐘比較可大幅減少94.48%的燒製時間,且其耗費的能源可省去89.44%的電費,以家用微波爐及自製集熱盒燒製之陶瓷品與傳統電窯燒製之陶瓷品在洛式硬度儀上測試結果無明顯差異,是未來極具發展性的陶瓷燒成技術。

以菸草探討電擊對植物免疫的影響

農作物常遭受病毒攻擊,造成重大經濟損失,但傳統的化學藥劑無法有效抑制病毒,且易殘留汙染環境。本研究旨在利用物理性的電擊模擬外界刺激,進而探討電擊對植物啟動水楊酸主導免疫反應的影響。實驗中以10伏特的電壓電擊菸草10分鐘,能使圓葉菸草(Nicotiana benthamiana)的水楊酸標誌基因PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN 1(PR1)表現量提升,並使菸草鑲嵌病毒 (tobacco mosaic virus ; TMV)的感染斑點數下降。顯示電擊處理可以誘導水楊酸所主導的免疫反應,並增強整體抗病毒性。另外,相較於未電擊過的菸草,電擊後的菸草系統葉在接種TMV-GFP後PR1基因表現量提升,表示電擊可能對菸草系統性水楊酸相關抗性表現產生預起效應(priming),可以幫助植物對抗未來的病毒感染。

Process of making a new environmental friendly straw

本研究首先製作「蔬菜紙吸管」,其耐水性及吸飲功能不佳,改以海藻膠製作吸管,經歷多次改良後的「第三代海藻膠吸管」其質地近似塑膠吸管,但吸飲功能仍然不佳。接著,以海藻膠為膠著劑;紅茶粉為骨材,成功製作出耐水性、吸飲功能較佳且可散發紅茶香氣的「紅茶吸管」。提高添加紅茶粉之比例,能有效提升吸管硬度,可應用在飲料封口膜之戳入,在冰水、熱水中均可長時間維持吸飲功能,製作大口徑「紅茶吸管」,可輕易吸飲波霸珍珠,徹底解決吸飲波霸珍珠之難題。自製擠出成型機械,可控制出料速度維持穩定,在滑軌上以直線移動,可製作出粗細一致且筆直的吸管,最後試製綠茶、咖啡、檸檬等調味吸管,均會飄出天然原料之香氣,頗具商品化之潛力。