二等獎

本研究運用兩套方法，成功的化簡、篩選眾多結構；配合繪圖檢驗，證明了六邊形共有20種對稱拼貼圖結構。透過本研究，在適當軟體的支援下，使用者可快速且精準的設計出富有創意的密貼圖樣；所有的圖形結構亦可被更加廣泛運用。運用本研究理論與結果，我們撰寫了一Visual Basic程式，可供使用者快速方便判別任意的六邊形磁磚是否可對稱拼貼；最後，我們將研究結果應用於相關立體圖形，如：環面(Torus)、圓柱曲面(Cylinders)及莫比紙圈(Mobius Strip)；運用前人的研究，再配合本研究結果，將可以有更廣泛的應用，如：阿基米德立體圖….等。

The purpose of the Actuator is to create a practical device that passively exercises\r the lower legs to help prevent blood clots, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), in\r wheelchair-bound individuals of any age. The secondary purpose of the device is to\r improve range of motion of the lower legs and speed the recovery of their leg action. It is hoped that this invention will help to prevent DVT, and allow some people to even use their legs again, through passive or active muscular motion. The invention was produced using a number of prototypes and design sketches. Although the current model is quite functional, as it keeps the users legs in motion, it is still in the prototypic design stage.\r The Actuator is a simple to use, easy to retrofit device. It is also portable and will be\r able to attach onto the front of any wheelchair. It harnesses the motion of the wheelchair to drive the users legs in a circular motion.\r The invention was tested in a closed and controlled environment: the duration of the\r Actuator’s use was constant, a doctor was present to take blood pressure and heart rate, and the rotation speed of the user’s legs was controlled by keeping the wheelchair speed constant. The data was collected by monitoring heart rate and skin surface temperature of healthy individuals, and blood pressure and heart rate of a wheelchair bound individual.\r As seen with both experiments (wheelchair bound, and healthy individuals) heart rate\r increased. In addition, the wheelchair bound individual’s heart rate also noticeably\r increased, with an evident increase in blood pressure as well. However, skin surface\r temperature is sensitive to surroundings and often provides little indication of deep vein blood flow, thus the skin surface temperature measurements were too inaccurate for any conclusions to be formulated.\r The inventor’s grandmother had developed DVT’s in 2005, and passed away because of them. Had she been given an Actuator it may have prevented such a tragedy. Her death was the driving force behind the project’s development. Over the time period that this project has been in process, the true potential of this invention has been realized.\r I truly believe that it will revolutionize the way that we treat people in wheelchairs, and the way people in wheelchairs can treat themselves.

本文主要研究以數學方法探究物理上的平衡問題，將物理與數學的代數、數論、組合及幾何做了緊密的結合，並導出幾個有趣的結果。文中得出n的因數結構與平衡多項式的關係，以及平衡多項式與平衡問題一般解的關係，並進一步探討其平衡的排序策略及個數。再則將平衡多項式引入複數平面，可以看到許多有趣的幾何性質，並進而回歸至物理的應用。

1. Introduction Passive method is widely used for measuring air pollutant for one day to several weeks. This method can be used easily and doesn’t need electricity, but expensive devices are needed for measuring substances, so this is not suitable for high school students for measuring or investigating. Then, we focused on the reaction, in which Indigo, the blue pigment, is discolored by ozone, and we built up a hypothesis, that indigo is suitable for measuring ozone concentration. 2. Experimental Section We soaked a 10 mm×20 mm filter paper in an indigo solution, including hosphoric acid. Then, they were dried in an automatic oven. 5.5 cm×10 cm PTFE sheet was fold in two and five sheets of indigo filters were fixed inside (passive sampler). The passive samplers were fixed on a stand and exposed to ozone in the atmosphere. After a few days, we collected the samplers and put each indigo filter and 4.0 mL of ion-exchange water into sample tubes. Then we shook this and extracted the color pigment. We had the average value of 600 nm from the five sheets as a measure value. 3. Results and Discussion The total amount of ozone for one to seven days measured in the experiment was directly proportional to the amount of ozone measured by Osaka Prefecture. We found that we can measure ozone in atmosphere using our method. Passive method has an advantage: it can be carried out easily. We employed this trait and measured ozone concentration at 23 points simultaneously in the north of Osaka for 48 hours. We made the map of ozone concentration by marking on a blank map. The map we made was just like the map published by Osaka Prefecture. We expect that this method will be useful in measuring ozone, where measuring devices are not available. 4. Conclusion We succeeded developing new method for measuring ozone in the atmosphere by passive method using indigo, the blue pigment.

The purpose of this research was to challenge misconceptions about what attracts teenaged boys to girls. It has been observed that some teenaged girls hold stereotypes about boys and believe boys are only attracted to superficial qualities like beautiful hair. The aim is to investigate differences between what girls believe boys find attractive about them and what boys actually find attractive about girls. Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between what teenaged boys find attractive in girls and what teenaged girls think boys find attractive. Procedure Background reading was done to discover which characteristics are commonly used to measure attractiveness among teenagers. A survey questionnaire was used for gathering data. To gather information for the construction of the questionnaire, 4 focus groups were interviewed. The groups were asked to determine indicators of attraction and repulsion. Two separate questionnaires were designed (one for boys and one for girls), based on focus group information, with similar questions which could be used to compare results. Questions were related to personality and looks. The research was representative as 399 teenagers participated in the final survey. Results were collated in Excel tables. Percentages were calculated by using a scientific calculator and Excel. A bivariate analysis was created to examine the main question: ranking qualities that attract boys to girls. A comparison was made between boys’ and girls’ opinions from different age categories. Mean averages were calculated for this question. Other questions were analysed using mode averages translated into percentage of each gender. Graphs were designed using the values calculated. Observations/Data/Results 72% of boys prefer a girl with average looks and an awesome personality but only 37% of girls believed that to be true. The average boys from 12-14, 15-17 and 18-20 year old categories agree that confidence, humour, a nice body, politeness and intelligence are the five most attractive qualities in a girl they would consider dating. The order of these five change across the age groups but are constantly the top five, however confidence and humour always trump a “nice body”. The average 12-14 and 15-17 year old girl overrates a nice body and underrates politeness and intelligence but confidence and humour feature in their top five. The average 18-20 year old girl agrees with the boys priorities. When defining what makes a girl beautiful, 68% of boys highlight personality traits and 59% of boys mentioned physical features. When noting what repulses boys about pretty girls, more than 50% of both sexes agree that smelling bad was most off putting. 52% of boys mentioned taking drugs as unattractive yet only 23% of girls recognized this as repulsive. Conclusions The data supports the hypothesis. Confidence and humour are more important to the average boy than a nice body across all age groups. The younger the girl, the less she understands what attracts boys. 63% of teenaged girls believe that looks are more important to boys than personality. This is clearly not true. 72% of boys value a great personality more highly than good looks.

我們從校園生態池吳郭魚的腸內挑選出二十二個菌落，並透過含1%碳酸鈣的MRS培養基篩出五株可產酸的細菌，藉由基因體定序並比對序列，我們確定篩到了四種不同的乳酸菌。分別為Streptococcus anginous MD1, Lactobacillus casei MD10, Lactococcus lactis MD14 和Enterococcus raffinosus MD18。經由培養基上的拮抗圈實驗，證實了此四株乳酸菌皆具有拮抗嗜水性產氣單胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila) 的能力。實際將乳酸菌和嗜水性產氣單胞菌投餵到斑馬魚幼魚時，則以Streptococcus anginous MD1與Enterococcus raffinosus MD18有明顯的拮抗效果，其中Streptococcus anginous MD1對斑馬魚幼魚生長影響最小且拮抗效果最久。所以，我們認為Enterococcus raffinosus MD18在未來最有發展成生物製劑的潛力，可運用於魚苗存活率的提升，代替抗生素來對抗嗜水性產氣單胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)。

本研究提出一套太陽能板冷卻與熱能回收系統，透過在太陽能板背面裝設一水冷板，以散熱鰭片搭配水強制對流來增加散熱的效率，並利用水塔的位能來提供冷卻水流的動力，在降低太陽能板溫度提升發電效率的同時，也可把熱能回收利用。本研究顯示正面水冷方式兼具清洗灰塵及散熱功效，背面水冷方式有效提升太陽能板發電效能及回收熱水效率；戶外日照實驗顯示，太陽能板輸出功率增加約12%，回收熱水效率約32.2%。藉由熱流分析軟體模擬優化水冷板模組後，太陽能板表面溫度及回收熱水效率可獲得進一步的改善。實用上，薄型大面積的水冷板，搭配溫控型的間歇性強制水冷及軌道式清潔系統，會是較佳設計組合，應用在屋頂太陽能板，將可達到提升發電量、回收熱水及屋頂隔熱的功效。