三等獎

Double Parallelogram Lifting Mechanism (DPLM) is a compact and stable lifting mechanism with a large extension range widely adopted in robot designs. Rubber bands and springs are often installed on the DPLM to lighten the motors' load and maintain its height, yet the installation positions are often obtained through trial and error. This project aims at finding the optimal rubber band installation positions for DPLM using modeling and optimization techniques. A mathematical model which describes the forces and moments acting on all the linkages of DPLM was derived based on the conditions for the static equilibrium and verified with a 3D simulation software. A genetic algorithm (GA) was implemented to optimize rubber band installation positions, which managed to find solutions with the overall root-mean-square- error (RMSE) of the net moment less than 2 for 2 to 6 rubber bands. A further statistical analysis of 50000 random rubber band samples showed that installing rubber bands in triangles is the best solution with the overall lowest RMSE. A test was conducted with a prototype of the DPLM and the results were consistent with our model and optimization. This project derived and verified a mathematical model for the DPLM, and found the optimal way and positions to install rubber bands. The results of this project provides a theoretical basis for controlling DPLM with rubber bands, allowing it to be further adopted in industrial robots that require repetitive lifting and lowering such as inspection robots and aerial work platforms.

Inhibitory effects of the secondary metabolite of actinomycete were examined on cell cycle of the yeasts of S. pombe and S. cerevisiae. The secondary metabolite was obtained from cultivation of the actinomycete isolated from the soil of Owakudani in Hakone, Japan. The fifth fraction of the secondary metabolite by ODS column separation (HK-T5), which was soluble to pure methanol, was used in the present experiments. The HK-T5 brought about the delay of forming colonies of S. pombe for about 11 days compared to that cultivated without the HK-T5. The delay of the colony formation was longer for the S. pombe cultivated with more amount of the HK-T5. The cultivation with HK-T5 also brought about the extension of the lifespan of the S. pombe for more than 10 weeks in a liquidus medium. The cell life recovered the ordinary manner by removal of the HK-T5, meaning that the activities of the HK-T5 is reversible. These facts confirm the suppression of cell cycle, and the delay of cell growth by the HK-T5. These phenomena were similarly observed for S. cerevisiae. Comparison of the action of HK-T5 with hydroxyurea, which is an anticancer drug inhibiting the cell cycle at S phase, clarified that the inhibitory action of HK-T5 worked at the phase earlier than S phase. The combined effects of HK-T5 on the cell cycle were evaluated with triamcinolone acetonide (TA), or aspirin, the former of which is a drug synchronizing cancer cells in S phase, and the latter keeping human cells in G1/G0 phases. The combined use of HK-T5 with TA synchronized the cells at the phase slightly proceeding from G1 to S phase without toxicity. On the other hand, the combined use with aspirin made the inhibitory effect of HK-T5 inactive. Hence, the HK-T5 is attractive as a drug for the extension of cell lifespan, and anticancer therapy.

本研究區域為蘭陽溪口溼地與五十二甲溼地，各選擇5和6個採樣點，檢測水體中的溶氧度、pH值、導電度、總固體溶解量(TDS)、水溫以及濁度並記錄當時氣溫。 在蘭陽溪口溼地中我們發現越靠近出海口，導電度、TDS越高。採樣點4濁度為最高，猜想可能與位置有關。五十二甲溼地中則以採樣點6的導電度、TDS為最高，濁度、pH值及溶氧量則是採樣點3最高。我們還藉由五十二甲濕地分區使用圖，比較人為因素對水質的影響。採樣點3為遊客休憩區，測得的濁度、pH值皆較高，採樣點6為生態區，測值相對較小，推測人為因素與水質有關聯。最後，在10月10日的數據中，發現蘭陽溪口溼地的導電度特別高，推測潮汐現象為可能造成此現象的因素，也是未來研究的方向。

Inhibitory effects of the secondary metabolite of actinomycete were examined on cell cycle of the yeasts of S. pombe and S. cerevisiae. The secondary metabolite was obtained from cultivation of the actinomycete isolated from the soil of Owakudani in Hakone, Japan. The fifth fraction of the secondary metabolite by ODS column separation (HK-T5), which was soluble to pure methanol, was used in the present experiments. The HK-T5 brought about the delay of forming colonies of S. pombe for about 11 days compared to that cultivated without the HK-T5. The delay of the colony formation was longer for the S. pombe cultivated with more amount of the HK-T5. The cultivation with HK-T5 also brought about the extension of the lifespan of the S. pombe for more than 10 weeks in a liquidus medium. The cell life recovered the ordinary manner by removal of the HK-T5, meaning that the activities of the HK-T5 is reversible. These facts confirm the suppression of cell cycle, and the delay of cell growth by the HK-T5. These phenomena were similarly observed for S. cerevisiae. Comparison of the action of HK-T5 with hydroxyurea, which is an anticancer drug inhibiting the cell cycle at S phase, clarified that the inhibitory action of HK-T5 worked at the phase earlier than S phase. The combined effects of HK-T5 on the cell cycle were evaluated with triamcinolone acetonide (TA), or aspirin, the former of which is a drug synchronizing cancer cells in S phase, and the latter keeping human cells in G1/G0 phases. The combined use of HK-T5 with TA synchronized the cells at the phase slightly proceeding from G1 to S phase without toxicity. On the other hand, the combined use with aspirin made the inhibitory effect of HK-T5 inactive. Hence, the HK-T5 is attractive as a drug for the extension of cell lifespan, and anticancer therapy.

乳酸菌（Lactic acid bacteria）是生活中常接觸到的菌種，除了製作食品，也有研究指出部分乳酸菌菌株可抑止造成齲齒的「變異鏈球菌」生長，目前已有牙膏等產品號稱添加乳酸菌。但乳酸菌發酵產生的乳酸，會分解牙齒的琺瑯質，所以我們從發酵乳食品中分離出9株乳酸菌，並進行氫氧基磷灰石的分解實驗與對變異鏈球菌的抑菌實驗。經過實驗，1號、5號、6號與8號乳酸菌株對氫氧基磷灰石的分解能力較弱，而6號、8號與15號對變異鏈球菌的抑制效果較明顯，實驗結果交互比較後，得出6號和8號菌作為牙齒保健的應用價值較高。未來若能進一步研究，可嘗試以離心將乳酸菌各部位分離，研究其真正有抑菌作用的物質，並加以純化，應用於保健食品中。

肺癌為全球最常被診斷的癌症之一，主要分為非小細胞肺癌與小細胞肺癌，其中小細胞肺癌是最具侵略性、致死性且預後最差的肺癌。目前針對小細胞肺癌仍未有有效的療法。 本研究探討花生外皮萃取出之山奈酚醣苷衍生物 kaempferol 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside 對小細胞肺癌的抗癌功效。我們發現細胞株H1688經藥物處理後細胞存活率明顯降低，以流式細胞儀細胞週期分析，隨藥物劑量增加時 sub G1 期細胞數明顯上升；以 Annexin V 觀察發現藥物劑量增加時細胞逐漸走向晚期凋亡，此外，隨劑量增加 c-PARP、caspase-3、-3和 -9 的蛋白表達都有增進，同時也造成粒線體膜電位下降與 cytochrome c 釋放，另外我們透過西方墨點法分析發現隨著藥物劑量的增加，p53蛋白的表現量下降且有磷酸化的現象，並且在經過咖啡因的處理後藥物對細胞株的毒殺作用更加明顯，由實驗結果可知kaempferol 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside能夠良好的誘導H1688細胞凋亡，有潛力成為治療小細胞肺癌的藥物。

由於台灣汽、機車數量逐年攀升，且人口密度高、道路窄小和停車位不足，使得人、車爭道和兩車併排等現象層出不窮，導致汽車駕駛人或乘客在開啟車門時，未注意後方來車造成碰撞的傷亡事故屢屢發生。有鑑於開啟車門不當事故頻繁，本研究提出一個基於達靈頓電路（Darlington Circuit）的快速且成本低之車門開啟預警系統，當汽車駕駛人或乘客碰觸車門內把手內側的軟式觸控薄膜開關時，系統即會啟動欲開啟車門側的門外警示燈和車後方向燈光閃爍，以提早預警行人或機車騎士，同時，汽車A柱內的警示燈、蜂鳴器會同步閃爍和鳴響，以提醒汽車駕駛人或乘客注意後方車輛避免碰撞，保障用路人安全。

傳統控制器都以一次方線性模式調整系統的比例、積分、微分等三參數減少誤差。為發展更佳誤差控制模式, 本研究嘗試加入誤差變數的次方運算。我們先以程式模擬一受固定阻力的線性系統，測試誤差變數次方的可行性，利用倒立擺系統進行模擬，並使倒立擺追蹤正弦波，以印證次方模式的控制效果。 經程式模擬後，我們認為不論目標值的大小，修改誤差參數的次方模式皆可使系統響應更快，控制效果更好。後續將利用倒立擺實測確認調整誤差次方可行性，並調整倒立擺的質量分布來模擬不同情況。相較於傳統的PID控制器，本研究拓增比例參數次方，建立PID三參數的次方模式，確認具更佳控制效果的可能性。希望未來可持續強化模式，將同步PID各參數次方模式，實際應用在機器手臂、溫度控制、建築防震等工程與工業。

生質能源製程中，常將植物細胞壁中的纖維素進行水解，此反應在高溫環境中進行較具商業優勢，故開發耐高溫的纖維素酶具重要性。發現自嗜熱菌Geobacillus sp. 70PC53的纖維素內切酶GsCelA 在高溫中具高活性。初步研究發現 GsCelA 蛋白質序列 N 端後第 315 和第 316 個胺基酸間會發生自我斷裂現象，導致酵素活性及熱穩定性提升。本實驗在 GsCelA 的 N 端及 C 端分別製造定點突變，探討 GsCelA 自我斷裂性質。實驗結果顯示突變GsCelA 自我斷裂速率較低，而 EDTA 可抑制自我斷裂現象；已斷裂 GsCelA 可催化自我斷裂發生，而 N 端突變之已斷裂 GsCelA 不具此性質。整體實驗結果顯示GsCelA 自我斷裂受已斷裂GsCelA 催化且為一正回饋機制，並且本次的N端突變區段在催化GsCelA自我斷裂作用上是必要的。

近年來由於電腦視覺的蓬勃發展，物件辨識模型被廣泛運用在生活中，例如自動駕駛、醫療影像、農作物檢測等等。對於要在戶外運作的模型，由於檢測物體的背景會隨著時間、地點、季節、光照強弱等因素不斷改變，通常需要大量且多元的資料才能避免模型過擬和，然而取得多元的資料需要花費大量的人力與時間在收集以及為這些新資料標籤。 本研究利用影像風格轉換模型作為資料增強的方法，將於晴天拍攝的街景圖轉成夜晚及雨天，使原本只有晴天的資料集有更多元的資料。結果證實使用風格轉換模型生成的影像訓練的物件辨識模型的準確率在某些情況下有顯著的提升。此方法的優點在於能夠快速產生多樣風格的資料，由於是對影像的風格做轉換，影像的內容沒有改變，因此能夠沿用原有的標籤，同時節省了蒐集及為新影像標籤的人力及時間。