Calcineurin (CN) activation is a main cause of cancerous tumor formation, one of the leading causes of death globally. Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is a commercially available oral drug that inhibits CN activation; however, low bioavailability limits its use. Nine patented CsA conjugates are potential alternatives to CsA as they have improved cytotoxicities and bioavailabilities but unknown CN-binding affinity. This study aimed to identify the CNinhibition strength and bioavailability of CsA conjugates in silico drug-likeness evaluation via modified Lipinski’s Rule of Five was done on CsA, voclosporin, and CsA conjugates to test bioavailability. The binding affinities of bioavailable compounds were computed via docking to CN in five trials, and the binding affinities were compared. The Water-soluble, RVal, IIA, Alpha, and MeBmt 2 conjugates showed improved bioavailabilities compared to CsA as they passed the drug-likeness screening. After five trials of computational docking to CN, the IIA and RVal conjugates showed improved binding affinities at -15.8 kcal/mol and -15.2 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to CsA at -14.3 kcal/mol. Notably, IIA also showed an improved binding affinity compared to voclosporin at -15.5 kcal/mol. These results suggest that CsA conjugates may be better oral chemotherapeutic drugs than CsA.

One of the worldwide hidden problems with lack of attention is Bedsores. Simply, These are ulcers, that happen on the areas of the skin that are under pressure while lying on the bed for a prolonged time. This can be infected to anyone in the world. The common group who face these bed sores are..... •Elderly patients, •Spinal cord injury patients, •Stroke patients, •Coma patients, •People who have faced accidents Bed sores develop when the blood supply is cut off for more than 2-3 hours to the skin, (Position changing time depends on the patient's condition) The continuous pressure is the cause for that and also the temperature generated between the skin and the bed surface increases the metabolism of the tissues. When the skin temperature increases by 1°C, the risk of bed sores increases approximately 14 times. So, The skin temperature in the range of 29.4°C to 37.1°C is correlated with the tissue damage score. Not only that shearing and moisture are the other considerable factors for this problem. This infection has 4 stages. Sometimes in the 4th stage of the bed sores can cause death.

In clinical practice, EEG is used to diagnose a number of neurological diseases and to diagnose epilepsy. But at present, the question of the nature of EEG has not been completely resolved and is of great scientific interest. There have been no studies at all on the non-invasive study of the electrical activity of the brain of the shark superorder, which belongs to the class of cartilaginous fish. By studying the electrical activity of the brain of various gnathostomes, it is possible to obtain an answer to the question of the emergence of rhythms from the point of view of phylogenesis and evolution, and by comparing their EEG with the human EEG, one can identify similar patterns that help in the study of reactions to various influences. During the work, for the first time, EEG indicators of spotted cat sharks, ECG, heart rate and respiratory rate of cat sharks and toads were obtained. In the future, it is planned to assemble a smaller neuroheadset for non-invasive studies of the electrical activity of the brain of small animals (sharks, toads, monitor lizards). This data can be used for evolutionary and medical research. *No animals were harmed during or after the experiments.

現今醫療中，黃疸的早期偵測對肝臟疾病的預防與治療至關重要，但多數人難以在症狀輕微時察覺。我們希望藉由智慧手機影像結合機器學習進行黃疸檢測，提升民眾自我監測的能力。Su 等人（2021）曾使用深度學習和機器學習進行黃疸預測，但其方法依賴專業色卡進行色彩校正，成本高且限制應用範圍。本研究提出以白平衡演算法中的白色補丁法與灰界演算法，搭配深度學習模型 DCCNM1和2 取代色卡，提升黃疸檢測的普及性與便利性。經黃疸偵測效果評估顯示，DCCNM2 在無色卡模型中表現最佳，雖然各指標略低於色卡校正，但其展現出優異的穩定性和準確性，證明其作為無色卡黃疸篩檢方案的可行性。本方法將能提供便捷的居家黃疸檢測途徑，尤其對偏鄉地區居民而言，不僅提升早期發現的機會，還能有效減輕醫護人員的負擔，推動大眾健康管理。

Upcycling abandoned beehives to make new products can reuse the useful materials in old beehives and produce less trash. As known that bees leave their beehive in these following situations like insufficient replenishment, frequent unboxing and environmental issues. Then the beehive will be abandoned and will have no use left. In this project, a piece of honeycomb was collected from abandoned beehive and melted in order to extract beeswax. The potential of the extracted beeswax for replacing plastic to produce fillers of 3D pens was studied. Natural materials like seashell, rosin, soy bean and coffee ground were tested as ingredients of 3D printing materials. Finally, the potential of using extracted beeswax in 3D printing was confirmed. Beeswax has a low melting point at around 64°C and solidify quickly at room temperature. The high plasticity of this natural wax fulfills the criteria of 3D printing materials. Biodegradable wastes, like coffee grounds and soy bean grounds were tested as additives for reducing the beeswax content. Sea shell grounds were eliminated from the tested list as its filaments broke into small pieces of brittle fragments during the production process. 5% and 10% of these additives were the optimal formula for making long filaments. Yet, the thin filaments made by pure beeswax were not strong enough, filaments of selected beeswax-soy bean grounds were further strengthened by mixing with 5% or 10% rosin. Among the four different ratios of Beeswax: Soy bean grounds: Rosin (9:1:0.5 / 9:1:1 / 9.5:0.5:0.5 / 9.5:0.5:1), filaments in the ratio 9.5:0.5:0.5 demonstrated better flexibility, higher tensile strength and compressive strength, thus B9.5:S0.5:R0.5 was the final formula of biodegradable beeswax 3D filament.

A custom Local Positioning System designed for applications in supply chain logistics, inventory tracking, collision avoidance, and precision systems. Responsive UI allows for real-time management and dynamic parameter adjustments.

本研究主要目的是想要用數學方法解釋與證明史坦納樹。我們想要知道史坦納樹會滿足怎樣的條件，又或者怎樣的條件不會有最短路徑長。因此從最基本的費馬點出發，到正多邊形、任意多邊形，甚至是正多面體，我們討論各種分布的頂點。在文獻探討與程式模擬中，發現史坦納點的邊數等於三且夾角度數等於一百二十度並非巧合。藉由此性質不斷擴展，可證明出在一般情況下史坦納點的個數會等於頂點的個數減二。有了理論的支持，我們嘗試改進五個柏拉圖多面體的史坦納樹，在正八、十二、二十面體都成功優化成更好的結果。另外，我們也證明出正四面體史坦納樹的結果。有了史坦納樹的幫助，我們可以在不影響城市間連通性的情況下，最大化地縮短道路地總長度，因此可將所需成本最小化。史坦納樹的結果可以代表連通圖的最短路徑長，在工程、建築上都將會是重大的突破。

鳳凰木的花朵擁有五片花瓣，上方花瓣與其他紅色花瓣不同，是白色底紅色斑點，根據文獻，這片花瓣稱為旗瓣，功能是作為蜜標來吸引傳粉者。研究觀察發現鳳凰花的旗瓣會先捲曲凋零，和蜜標存在的功能互相矛盾，本組推論與環境、授粉有關連。經研究發現，旗瓣凋零與生長環境、花粉及花蜜是否被採集無關，與授粉方式有關。異株授粉導致旗瓣凋零的時間提前；同株異花授粉旗瓣凋零的時間與自然狀態相近；自花授粉、無授粉則導致旗瓣凋零的時間延後。異株授粉對鳳凰花而言是有效且成功的授粉，會導致旗瓣提早凋零，蜜標隱藏，提高其他尚未有效授粉花朵成功授粉的機會，並且產生成熟的種莢。無效的授粉會導致旗瓣凋零時間延後，藉此等待有效的授粉機會。

透過親手磨製岩石薄片及礦物比例數據，探討觀音火山熔岩的差異與其差異原因。根據前人研究得知，觀音山經過五次噴發，共有七種不同的火山岩。比對地質圖，尋找各層出露地點共17處，進行田野調查、空拍記錄及樣本採集，並磨製岩石薄片共14片，進行岩相觀察與礦物面積比例計算。 本研究觀察到觀音山熔岩有漸變關係，符合鮑氏反應序列。從橄欖石玄武岩→普通輝石玄武岩→普通輝石安山岩→兩輝石安山岩→紫蘇輝石安山岩→黑雲母角閃石安山岩。 並依據新的田野調查資料，修正觀音山的地質圖資；建立火山噴發歷程模擬動畫；製作立體地形模型，以瞭解對地質地貌關係，皆可做為日後觀音山地球科學教育之參考。

現代社會中，睡眠剝奪已成為普遍問題，人們對其對免疫系統及整體健康的負面影響愈加關注。本研究使用特製的旋轉鼠籠讓小鼠連續72小時保持清醒，探討急性睡眠剝奪對小鼠免疫反應的影響。研究發現NK細胞與脾臟中的記憶CD8 T細胞比例明顯減少，顯示細胞毒性功能受損或記憶免疫反應下降。與此同時，抗炎細胞因子的表達增加，而促炎細胞因子和相關基因的表達則有顯著下調。此外，雖然觀察到B細胞比例有所增加，這可能是免疫系統在細胞免疫功能受損時，維持免疫穩態的反應。這些發現揭示了睡眠剝奪可能抑制免疫系統造成損害。本研究強調適量睡眠對維持免疫平衡的重要性，並指出睡眠不足可能促進慢性免疫問題的發展。在此基礎上，後續研究可探討短期睡眠剝奪與腫瘤及免疫系統的關聯，並延伸至長期剝奪的影響。