全國中小學科展

四等獎

基於心電圖的智慧睡眠分析

睡眠相關問題常見於現代緊張的社會,傳統睡眠分析方法需要腦電圖(EEG)、肌電圖(EMG)、眼電圖(EOG)等信號,量測複雜度高。本研究透過 Python 程式語言以深度學習和階層式投票機器學習方法,開發一套自動分析程式,僅透過心電圖(ECG)信號分析睡眠階段。並結合睡眠評估標準,製訂一可量化的睡眠品質評估表,提供臨床醫師判讀睡眠品質的指標。本研究的優點是僅透過一種信號便能準確、客觀、快速分析,且操作介面簡易。研究結果顯示,本研究清醒和睡眠狀態之辨識準確率高達約90%,與其他類似睡眠品質評估研究的論文比較,準確率高出10~17%,整體睡眠階段分析準確度高達87%。本研究方法未來可應用於臨床醫療,協助醫師做精準的患者睡眠品質診斷。

短期睡眠剝奪對小鼠免疫系統的影響

現代社會中,睡眠剝奪已成為普遍問題,人們對其對免疫系統及整體健康的負面影響愈加關注。本研究使用特製的旋轉鼠籠讓小鼠連續72小時保持清醒,探討急性睡眠剝奪對小鼠免疫反應的影響。研究發現NK細胞與脾臟中的記憶CD8 T細胞比例明顯減少,顯示細胞毒性功能受損或記憶免疫反應下降。與此同時,抗炎細胞因子的表達增加,而促炎細胞因子和相關基因的表達則有顯著下調。此外,雖然觀察到B細胞比例有所增加,這可能是免疫系統在細胞免疫功能受損時,維持免疫穩態的反應。這些發現揭示了睡眠剝奪可能抑制免疫系統造成損害。本研究強調適量睡眠對維持免疫平衡的重要性,並指出睡眠不足可能促進慢性免疫問題的發展。在此基礎上,後續研究可探討短期睡眠剝奪與腫瘤及免疫系統的關聯,並延伸至長期剝奪的影響。

SUSTUNI - SOFTWARE FOR SMART AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

The theme of this project is to develop software to facilitate and innovate the design of low-voltage industrial electrical circuits. The goal is to develop a program that makes projects more efficient in terms of time, accuracy, and sustainability, automating dimensions such as calculating conductor cross-sections, protections, single-line diagrams, and analyzing with AI at which points industrial electrical circuits can be more sustainable. The 2023 Electric Energy Yearbook of the Energy Research Company describes that electricity consumption increases 2% per year in Brazil, and industrial installations represent the largest part of the national electrical sector (36.2%). As stated in standard NBR 5410/2004, when developing an installation project, an electrical professional works with several processes, depending on several criteria and calculations to present a reliable electrical installation. Minimal errors in calculations can cause damage to equipment, conductors, and individuals present in the installation. Using software to model these circuits optimizes time and brings more confidence to the project. This work aims to differentiate itself in this field by filling in the gaps in existing solutions for the industry, providing support for Brazilian standards, automatically generating single-line diagrams and presenting suggestions for sustainability in the circuits. The program is developed in Python, based on NBR 5410/2004 and engineering works. The software developed allows the user to size different distribution boards, motors and circuits, calculating the cross-section of the conductors/electrical protections, a particular transformer, and generating a single-line diagram in CAD. The program also presents suggestions aimed at sustainability to reduce material/energy costs. Tests were carried out with electrical engineering companies and students in the technical area, where the software presented high precision and very positive feedback from the interviewees, and it can be said that the work achieved its objectives.

短期睡眠剝奪對小鼠免疫系統的影響

現代社會中,睡眠剝奪已成為普遍問題,人們對其對免疫系統及整體健康的負面影響愈加關注。本研究使用特製的旋轉鼠籠讓小鼠連續72小時保持清醒,探討急性睡眠剝奪對小鼠免疫反應的影響。研究發現NK細胞與脾臟中的記憶CD8 T細胞比例明顯減少,顯示細胞毒性功能受損或記憶免疫反應下降。與此同時,抗炎細胞因子的表達增加,而促炎細胞因子和相關基因的表達則有顯著下調。此外,雖然觀察到B細胞比例有所增加,這可能是免疫系統在細胞免疫功能受損時,維持免疫穩態的反應。這些發現揭示了睡眠剝奪可能抑制免疫系統造成損害。本研究強調適量睡眠對維持免疫平衡的重要性,並指出睡眠不足可能促進慢性免疫問題的發展。在此基礎上,後續研究可探討短期睡眠剝奪與腫瘤及免疫系統的關聯,並延伸至長期剝奪的影響。

運用深度學習色彩校正模型之黃疸偵測 Jaundice Detection Using Deep Learning-Based Color Correction Models

現今醫療中,黃疸的早期偵測對肝臟疾病的預防與治療至關重要,但多數人難以在症狀輕微時察覺。我們希望藉由智慧手機影像結合機器學習進行黃疸檢測,提升民眾自我監測的能力。Su 等人(2021)曾使用深度學習和機器學習進行黃疸預測,但其方法依賴專業色卡進行色彩校正,成本高且限制應用範圍。本研究提出以白平衡演算法中的白色補丁法與灰界演算法,搭配深度學習模型 DCCNM1和2 取代色卡,提升黃疸檢測的普及性與便利性。經黃疸偵測效果評估顯示,DCCNM2 在無色卡模型中表現最佳,雖然各指標略低於色卡校正,但其展現出優異的穩定性和準確性,證明其作為無色卡黃疸篩檢方案的可行性。本方法將能提供便捷的居家黃疸檢測途徑,尤其對偏鄉地區居民而言,不僅提升早期發現的機會,還能有效減輕醫護人員的負擔,推動大眾健康管理。

攜帶型高效率氫能離子能雙輸出埠電力裝置 Dual-ports high hydrogen and ionic conversion efficient power generator

本研究以空氣為催化劑,降低KOH在水中解離成K+及OH- 的解離能,大幅提升KOH在水中解離的效率,配合以鋁板為電極,還原H2O及OH-,釋出氫氣H2。這還原反應過程同時輸出K+及H2為電力能源。利用解離出的K+組裝成鉀離子電池,同時以解離出的氫氣運作燃料電池,組成雙輸出埠電力裝置。本雙輸出埠電力裝置,可以分別利用KOH濃度及或空氣輸入量,來調控輸出功率。KOH濃度增加或空氣輸入量增加,均可提高兩輸出埠的功率。測試時採用KOH濃度為5M,輸出電壓達0.19 mV,電流達0.166 mA。採用摻雜0.3%鉍的鋁為電極板,提升輸出電壓達0.67 mV,電流達0.199 mA。在鉀離子電池2MKOH水溶液中串聯4組電極板,電壓提升至2.9 V,電流達5A,並能成功點亮LED燈及驅動市售燃料電池。再經電路板穩壓後,電壓從2.9 V提升至5 V,適合USB充電,顯示出其作為無碳排放電力能源。

理論設計與高效率合成三吲哚衍生物應用於癌症標靶藥物 Theoretical Design and Highly Efficient Synthesis of Triindole Derivatives for Targeted Cancer Therapeutics

抗癌藥物的研究一直受到重視,吲哚(indole)衍生物可助抵擋自由基,而二吲哚(Di-indole)衍生物已成為抗癌劑。鈣離子/鈣調蛋白依賴性蛋白激酶 (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,CaMKII)之抑制劑為癌症標靶藥物重要研究方向之一,抑制CaMKII可降低各種癌細胞增殖和存活,但目前尚無CaMKII抑制劑藥物。本研究以三吲哚為主架構,發展衍生物作為CaMKII抑制劑,期望可應用於抗癌劑。電腦軟體Discovery Studio2016模擬各種三吲哚衍生物分子模型與CaMKII α(PDB: 2VZ6)之結合能,選出結合能較大之化合物3,並延伸結構/活性(SAR)最佳化,進行一系列高效率藥物合成純化工作。經由送測生物細胞活性,其中先導化合物(lead compound) 3-1對癌細胞之毒性高且對CaMKIIα的抑制效果佳,符合癌症治療上的需求,將繼續最佳化此結構,並進行細胞訊號傳送途徑及動物實驗。

Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Novel Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease by Enhancing the Brain Clearance System(非侵入性迷走神經刺激術作為阿茲海默症的新療法—透過增強大腦清除系統)

阿茲海默症(AD)是導致失智症的主因,影響全球數千萬人。然而,AD目前的藥物大多昂貴且療效有限。目前已知腦內β類澱粉蛋白(Aβ)斑塊為AD的病理特徵,且大腦清除系統被認為對AD的治療具有重要性。先前研究發現非侵入性迷走神經刺激術(nVNS)增加腦脊髓液循環,但在神經退化疾病中的機制和應用尚不明確。本研究旨在探討nVNS增強大腦清除系統來作為AD新療法之成效,使用Aβ誘導之AD小鼠模型,利用巨視顯微鏡和免疫組織化學染色評估其膠淋巴系統功能,並以新奇事物測試評估認知功能。本研究發現於AD小鼠中,給予nVNS使大腦清除系統之水通道蛋白-4顯著增加、促進膠淋巴系統,進而改善認知功能。本研究首次發現nVNS可通過增強大腦清除系統功能,進而改善AD病理引起的失智症狀,支持nVNS作為AD新療法的可行性。

Fabrication of Tandem Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells to Enhance Photovoltaic Performance

Energy has had an enormous impact on the development of technology and is a main factor in humans’ advancement towards an evolved society. Nevertheless, nonrenewable energy resources – which are the most effective in everyday application - have led to changes in the climate, environment, human health, and the world in general [1], which has encouraged researchers to switch to the use of renewable energy sources. Solar Cells are one of the most effective resources that rely on renewable energy. They come in a variety of types, operation methods, and efficiency as shown in Figure 1, including Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), which, inspired by photosynthesis in plants, uses photo-sensitive dye to capture sunlight and generate electricity. DSSCs were proved to have generated a great deal of interest and are one of the most promising solar cells among third-generation PV technologies, due to their low cost, simple preparation, good performance, and environmental friendliness compared to conventional photovoltaic devices [3]. However, their efficiency is quite insufficient for everyday use. Previous studies proved that Tandem DSSCs – which are two dye-sensitized cells stacked on top of each other – are able to enhance cell performance. The light absorption range of a tandem cell is increased because the bottom cell behind the top one absorbs and uses the incident light that was not absorbed by it [4]. It operates as shown in Figure 2, where the light photons excite the electrons of the dye molecules. The electrons are then transported to the FTO (conductive glass) by the semiconductor, which is used in the figure as TiO2 nanoparticles. The electrons pass through the circuit to perform the work, then move to the counter electrode (shown as Platinum). They are then transported by the electrolyte (I-/I3-) back to the dye molecules, and the process is repeated.

New Properties of Miquel Point

本研究先觀察著名的密克定理(Miquel theorem)與密克點(Miquel point),我們創新給出了新的研究項目,關注密克點𝑃與密克三角形的頂點所構成直線和原三角形𝐴𝐵𝐶三邊直線的其餘六個交點,這是前人沒有觸及的研究項目,從而定義旁接三角形與衍伸三角形。 我們先針對特殊型(直角)的構圖,發現滿足兩個衍伸三角形的有向面積 [𝐴1𝐵1𝐶1]=±[𝐴2𝐵2𝐶2] 時,𝑃 點形成的軌跡為原三角形的 Kiepert hyperbola 與外接圓,這個是有趣且重要發現,我們也進一步給出其幾何必然性。進一步考慮 [𝐴1𝐵1𝐶1]=𝑟[𝐴2𝐵2𝐶2] 時,則刻劃出 𝑃 點軌跡為圓錐曲線系。在前面的基礎下,再針對一般型(任意角)的構圖,若 𝑃 點位於原三角形外接圓及Kiepert hyperbola 與 Steiner circumellipse 的線性組合曲線上,此時兩個衍伸三角形 𝐴1𝐵1𝐶1 與 𝐴2𝐵2𝐶2 的有向面積比值為定值,且兩者恆為相反數。