本實作以光學全像術為基礎，拍攝出三維立體的影像。內容主要為分別製作「穿透式」全像片、「反射式」全像片及「彩虹」全像片等三部份。其中，在反射式全像片中，嘗試以不同數量的光束來拍攝。發現以單光束法拍攝出的全像片比較容易成功，但重建影像的視角與效果都不如雙光束拍攝法來的好。在拍攝彩虹全像片的過程中我們令狹縫為變因，做有加狹縫與未加狹縫的實驗，實驗發現效果不同。並以改變狹縫的角度、方位，來觀察底片的變化。最後，觀察出豐富多樣的彩虹變化型態。全像片可重建拍攝的物光與參考光，並顯現拍攝物的三維狀態。可應用於信用卡、紙鈔防偽，廠商標籤，附加商品（如鑰匙圈、貼紙），廣告看板等，用途廣泛。 The purpose of this project is to construct the 3-dimensional images utilized optical holography. The holograms we made can be categorized into three main types: transmission, reflection and rainbow. In reflection hologram, we have tried to construct the hologram by the use of different number of light beams. It could be found that the reconstructed image of the hologram formed by a single beam is better than those of the hologram formed by two beams. However, the field of view and image quality of the two-beam hologram was better than those of single-beam hologram. In rainbow hologram, we varied the orientation and position of slit to investigate the quality of the reconstructed images. The reconstructed images displayed rainbow image diversity. In application, the holograms can display three-dimensional images by reconstructing the hologram. In addition, the holograms are in widespread applied in security applications of credit card、banknotes、labels、stickers etc.

本研究以數學上的Burnside’s Lemma思維，利用排列組合結合化學領域中的群論概念，應用在計算取代基可被替換的化學結構，所具有的異構物數量。 研究中討論了環狀共振(例如苯環)、環烷、直烷、醇、醚、醛、酮、羧酸、酯、胺、醯胺等分子結構，推導出任意取代基種類與數量不同時，所對應的化學異構物數量公式與計算方法。 整理出公式與計算方法後，將CnHx中x個H的位置改成給定的取代基種類與數量時，然後系統化異構物數量的處理流程。最後再針對典型分子的化學點群，給出其對稱的數學排列群樣貌，作為各式計算的背景資料。

平原菟絲子（Cuscuta campestris）處在不穩定或養份不足的環境中，吸器（haustorium）的生成個數會明顯減少，並加速開花結果的速率。不同於其他植物的早熟，平原菟絲子早熟時會產生自我寄生（self - parasitism），且結空穗機率明顯較低，顯示其對於不穩定環境的耐受度提高，並提升子代存活機率，稱之為適應性早熟（adapted prematurity）。相對於一般寄生，自我寄生吸器生成時間較一般寄生長，吸器大小並無顯著差異，然而吸器數量較少，且較為深入宿主。起初推論自我寄生為演化中的缺陷，這樣造成其無節制的寄生，對生存有害。但是經過長期的觀察之後，發現其生長狀況並無受到影響，而是週遭環境不穩定，所促使暫時分解自體本身的養分，以度過考驗。

顆粒澱粉可和碘形成藍色錯合物(starch-iodine complex)，我從種子發芽澱粉酶實驗了解澱粉酶(amylase)具糖解酵素活性，會分解澱粉盤上的澱粉，並使澱粉失去與碘形成螺旋狀澱粉-碘錯合物的能力，讓藍色澱粉盤出現透明水解圈。通常澱粉酶之分子結構包含澱粉吸附區及催化區，分別負責吸附大分子或不可溶性澱粉糖(amylose)配體及分解澱粉糖成可溶性小分子糖。本計劃選用分子量、溶解度不同的澱粉糖分別與碘液反應，再加入澱粉酶(glucoamylase)或其澱粉吸附區(starch binding domain, SBD)，發現二者均會破壞澱粉糖與碘結合之螺旋狀結構。分析二者之反應效率，可比較不同蛋白質解開澱粉-碘錯合物之能力。此外，本研究亦比較正常與突變株二聚體澱粉吸附區(SBD dimer)之解開澱粉-碘錯合物反應活性，再查詢文獻、比對不同蛋白質的序列、結構、及功能特性進行綜合分析。根據本研究結果，澱粉吸附蛋白質序列中解開配體螺旋結構最重要的官能基為兩個具有苯環的胺基酸，且二者對於可溶性及不可溶性配體之影響不同。本研究提供科學家了解自然界具備重複澱粉吸附區(tandem repeat)功能的邏輯方法，未來可應用於澱粉代謝、合成相關之蛋白質設計、結構預測、及功能分析。.

We study the magic power of dark energy and dark matter by using theoretical derivation and numerical simulations. We found that: 1. The dark energy will gain kinetic energy from the moving dark matter through gravitational interaction. Due to the law of energy conservation, the motion of the dark matter will slow down and satisfy Ek(t)−Ek0 ∝ρDE1.92 t, where Ek(t) is the kinetic energy of the dark matter, Ek0 is its initial kinetic energy, ρDE is the energy density of the dark energy, and t is the time. 2. The formation history and the structure of galaxies will be different due to the existence of dark energy. The more the dark energy, the earlier the formation of the galaxy core. In addition, the kinetic energy Ek(R) as a function of R will be different if the ρDE is different. Thus we can observationally measure the Ek(R) of galaxies, compare it will our results here, and then deduce the ρDE in our universe. The results here can be applied to the observations in the near future. 我們藉由理論的推導，配合電腦模擬的手段，來探討宇宙中黑暗物質和黑暗能量的神祕力量。我們發現：一、黑暗能量會透過重力交互作用而從運動中的黑暗物質獲得力學能，而且因力學能守恆，致使黑暗物質的速率減慢，滿足 Ek(t)−Ek0 ∝ρDE1.92 t, 其中 Ek(t) 為黑暗物質的動能， Ek0 為其初始動能， ρDE 為黑暗能量的密度，t 為時間。二、星系的形成過程及結構，會因黑暗能量的存在而改變。黑暗能量越多時，星系的核心會越早形成。而且動能 Ek(R) 隨著至星系中心距離 R 的變化，會因 ρDE 的不同而不同，因此可以試圖量測宇宙中星系的 Ek(R) ，然後和這裡的結果比對，即可推導出宇宙中的 ρDE 。這些研究成果，將可直接應用在未來的觀測結果上。

導電高分子在各面之應用非常廣泛，其中聚苯胺因價格便宜，製作簡便，使\r 其應用潛力更為突出。聚苯胺在鐵系及非鐵系金屬之防蝕能力已被證實，但由於\r 聚苯胺與金屬之附著力不良使其應用受到限制。奈米粒子所具有的表面效應、小\r 尺寸效應及宏觀量子隧道效應，使得奈米微粒材料之應用蓬勃發展。但在高分子\r 奈米微粒之製備仍屬有限。本文以微乳液法製備聚苯胺奈米粒子，以提高聚苯胺\r 與金屬間之附著力，使其防蝕能力充分發揮。國外雖已有廠家製作聚苯胺防蝕塗\r 料，但屬於商業機密無從得知其製備方法。本文所研發的微乳液法則是國內首\r 創！\r The development and application of the conducting polymer polyaniline is\r getting prosperous and popular. The capability of polyaniline in corrosion protection\r has been proved. But due to the adhesion of polyaniline on the metal is poor, the\r applications are restricted. By the way, the nanoparticles have the special effects such\r as the surface effect, the small size effect and the macro-quantum channeling effect\r make its applications are prosperous.\r In this paper, the authors utilized the microemulsion method to produce the\r polyaniline, to modify the adhesion of polyaniline on the metal in order to improve\r the effect of the corrosion protection of polyaniline in ferrous metal. The experimental\r results show that the nano-polyaniline has good adhesion on metal. The metal coated\r a layer of nano-polyaniline has the great ability of anticorrosion under different\r corrosion situations after weeks. The nano-polyaniline produced by the\r microemulsion method add the recipes invented by the authors has great potential to\r use in scale-up production in industry.

近年來，未拉上手煞車所造成的傷害事故層出不窮，主要有兩個導因，一、車主已離車但未拉上手煞車；二、看見自己的車已經開始滑動，想用徒手力量阻擋。因為車輛的質量很大，往往沒有辦法阻止，反而造成了車主自身或周遭行人的傷亡。本設計主要功能是用於車輛滑動的預防。我們運用了加速規來感測地面的坡度，當車輛停放在斜坡，駕駛座上無人，且沒有拉起手煞車，本系統將會自動偵測，我們使用了OPA比較電路來判斷坡度是否達到我們預設的值，如果是，系統將會啟動警報器警告周圍的人，而且會自動將手煞車拉起，以防止車輛繼續下滑，這就是我們所發明的智慧手煞車的作動原理及基本的構想。我們希望藉由此設計，達到減少因未拉上手煞車而造成的事故，並且能藉由警報聲改正駕駛人習慣，減少傷亡提升車輛安全。

複雜系統廣泛地存在每個人生活的周遭，儘管這些系統在表象上有明顯的差異，卻不約而同的都呈現出臨界現象。一個簡單的物理概念卻能廣泛地使用在許多不同的場合當中，這是令人始料未及的。這份報告在尋找，是什麼原因導致這許多似乎與物理沒什麼關聯的系統，都呈現出臨界現象？以及這類系統是如何演化的？臨界現象在系統的演化歷史中，又是扮演怎樣的一個角色？一開始，先介紹臨界現象在實際系統中表現的形式，在這以文字系統作為範例。接下來，進入思考的階段，猜測系統個體間存有的關聯性，提出如何影響的假設，並建立模型。從模型結果，可以了解複雜系統隨時間演化的趨勢改變，並發現臨界現象在系統中扮演的角色以及代表的意義。這份報告有三項結論：1. 臨界現象在複雜系統中呈現的形式 2. 模型結果與實際系統十分相似 3. 臨界現象代表著系統的穩定態。The theory of Scaling Law and Universality was originally used in researching Critical phenomena, and now we find it existing in our normal life. A simple physical concept can be used extensively in different courses. This study try to find out the relation between individuals which causes Critical phenomena appear in such different courses in our normal life, and figure out the effect time brings about. To begin with, we introduce the sights of Scaling Law and Universality by exploring the formation of complicated system. Facing a complicated word system as a real example, we observe an extraordinary phenomena, and find out the Universality and Scaling Law in different kinds of linguistics. In the main part, to think further, what’s the relation between the individuals that leads to Critical phenomena? We will give hypotheses and build a model to simulate complicated system from the view of Universality, trying to find out the cause of the interaction of complicated system. From this model, we could understand: When a complicated system evolves with time, the Critical phenomena will naturally occur in this system that could be considered as dynamic equilibrium. From this study we found out(1) The Universality and Scaling Law in complicated systems, here we use linguistics as an example.(2) Under the hypotheses, the simulation is almost as same as the real result of linguistics system.(3) Time plays an important part in the Critical phenomena which can be found in many different complicated systems, and Critical phenomena symbolize a stable state of such systems.

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important condiment crops in Sri Lanka. The main constrain in chilli cultivation is the Leaf Curl Complex (LCC) which reduces the quality of the pods as well as the yield. Many researches have been proven that the problem can be controlled by Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. Colour sticky trap is one of the mechanical methods in the IPM package which reduces the pest population successfully. Mainly three colours, namely blue, yellow and white have been identified as suitable colours for traps all over the world. This study was thus, conducted to find out the most effective colour for sticky traps to control chilli leaf curl complex in the Intermediate Zone of Sri Lanka. Traps were prepared from wooden plates of 30 x 25cm in size and the colours were applied in both sides of the plate. Both colourless and odorless vaseline was used as the sticky substance. These blue, yellow and white sticky wooden plates (traps) were fixed in 1m height from the ground level and they were used as the treatments. Six pots with 2 plants each of the variety ‘KA-2’ were used in a treatment and three replicates were sited for the experiment. All the agronomic practices were equally done for all the treatments. Number of trapped pests associated with the LCC was counted in 4, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after transplanting. The number of leaves affected by the pests in a canopy was counted in 7, 10 and 12 weeks after transplanting. The number of damaged green pods and the pod weight were taken at harvesting. The mean values of the number of pests trapped in white, yellow and blue colour traps were 162, 160 and 38 respectively. The percentages of damaged leaves in a canopy at 7, 10 and 12 weeks after transplanting in the blue trap were 89.07, 98.00 and 100.00 respectively. Those values in the white trap were 87.37, 98.90 and 93.29 and in the yellow trap were 69.03, 87.26 and 82.26. Percentages of damaged green pod weight in the blue, yellow and white treatments were 66.63, 47.06 and 45.65 respectively. These results suggest that yellow and white colours are more effective in sticky traps in pest controlling to control chilli leaf curl complex in the Intermediate Zone of Sri Lanka. Further studies are required to confirm the results.

洗滌用的界面活性劑分散系，沾在吸管可吹成泡，沾在框上則生成特定形體的薄膜；兩種不同現象，依據各自的性質原理，分別設計為可測量的裝置，研討表面張力與濃度間的關係，發現『兩泡連通法』，測量的靈敏度較佳，並且；薄膜總面積法則會因為框的形不同，測得薄膜總面積與表面張力大小的變化趨勢不一樣，而且數據誤差都比『兩泡連通法』大。市售的洗劑有肥皂與合成清潔劑兩類，它們溶於水的分散系，表面張力與濃度大小的變化趨勢正好相反；肥皂的濃度愈大表面張力愈大，合成清潔劑的濃度愈小表面張力愈大。這種現象發生的原因，和分散質是否含苯環結構無關。用數位照相輔助毛細管上升法，觀測『兩泡連通法』標準液的張力與濃度關係，數據顯示兩泡連通法與毛細管上升法，兩者比較各種分散系張力與濃度大小的結果相同。因此，用『兩泡連通法』比較不同分散系張力大小是簡便生動的可行方法。The dispersion of surfactant used for the purpose of cleasing,if dipped on a blowpipe,can be blown into bubbles and,if dipped on a frame,will form a certain shape of membrane.For these two different situations,according to the principle of their quality,measuringdevices can be respectively designed to explore the relation of surfact tension to its concentrate.It is discovered that,with the measuring device of the Two Bubble Connection Method,the sensitivity measured is better;and that,because of the difference of the structures of the frames,the total area of the membrane and the change trend of the degree of the surface tension will also be different and the probable error of the measured digits is always larger and it is not easy to find regularity. For the two categories of dispersion,soaps on the market and synthesis detergent,when they are measured with the Two Bubble Connection Method about the relationship of their surface tension to the degree of their concentrate,the trend of change is exactly opposite.The surface tension and concentrate of the category of soap are in right proportion whereas,for synthesis detergent used for cleaning bowls and plater and washing clothes,when its concentrate is less,its surface tension is more intense.Based on the findings of this study,the concentrate and the change trend of the degree of tension have no connection with whether there is benzene structure in the solvent. With the Capillary Rise Method assisted by digital photography to observe the relation of the tension of standard solution to the concentrate,we have found that they totally correspond to the result measured with the Two Bubble Connection Method designed in this study.