未代表出國作品

氫是一種非常理想的能源。不僅效率極高，且不會造成環境污染。空氣中的含量極少，常用的電解水方式又效果不彰。我們利用Ag、Ru、Cu 、C-CuPu、C 等數種電極，與H2SO4、 H3PO4 、HNO3 電解液，分別在10V 雙電極與-0.8V 三電極下做電解水實驗，研究何種電極與何種電解液能得到最多的氫氣量。在低電壓下找出最好的電極，液與太陽能電池結合，成為電池中的一部份，讓發電效果更好，以利未來燃料電池H is a kind of great power.It is not only effective,but also no environment pollution .Owing to the H in the air is very little,so it is not easy to take .Addition to,we often to take it by electro liquid,but the electrolysis effect is not ideal. Except Ag、Ru、Cu、C-CuPt、C and so on ,in theH2SO4、 H3PO4 、HNO3 electro liquid,we have a experiment in the 10V dual electrode and -0.8V triple electrode to study which electrode and which electro liquid to get the most of H.Under the low voltage,we can fund the best electrode.It is easy to bind with solar energy battery,andit can be a part of battery.Besides, it makes the generator effect better,and it is convenient to make the fuel cell commercialize in the future.

The purpose of this paper is to study the roles of formic acid and formaldehyde playing in the Direct Methanol Fuel Cells(DMFCs).The assumption is now widely accepted that the Oxidation-reduction intermediate of cell like formic acid and formaldehyde will hinder the reaction of DMFCs. At first, we recorded data which measured the efficiency of DMFCs working under the different temperature of fuel, then we recorded data which measured the efficiency of DMFCs working under the different consistency. In the end, we compared the data we recorded before and chose the best reaction environment as standard environment for the future experiment. Then we discover intermediate has positive effect on DMFCs. we separately put formic acid and formaldehyde into fuel, and we discover the efficiency is better than\r before. For example, the volt stability and volt intensity of DMFCs are better. The above conclusion is mainly based on open current volt, equally volt and electric current density which is the standard of evaluation.本實驗主要探討甲酸、甲醛等雜質在直接甲醇燃料電池中扮演的角色，一般認為甲酸等是甲醇在電池中反應的中間產物，大多數人認為這些中間產物會阻礙燃料電池的反應。而我們先針對了甲醇在各種溫度下電池的效能先做出了圖表，並使用不同濃度的甲醇燃料來測量電池的效能並與之前溫度的圖表做比較，選出最合適的直接甲醇燃料電池反應環境作為添加雜質實驗的標準環境。接下來我們在研究過程中發現，其實中間產物可能對電池有正面的效果，我們發現甲酸、甲醛等對直接甲醇燃料電池的電源輸出有正面的影響，例如電壓穩定性與電壓強度的增強。在研究中，我們將甲酸等加入燃料電池的燃料(甲醇)內，模擬甲醇因不當保存而產生的雜質，針對添加物的濃度做些調整，以電池的開路電壓(OCV)、平均輸出電壓、以及單位面積的電流密度作為評比電池效能的標準，並找出甲酸等對燃料電池效能的影響，並進一步找出最適合的電池燃料配置。

茶由於其具有特殊的芳香氣味及口味，廣泛地被世人用為飲料，近年來的研究證據顯示茶具有促進身體健康和防癌功效，但茶中之成分，尤其兒茶素隨茶及茶沖泡方式而有所不同，因此對於茶中成分及沖泡方式的認知是一門重要的課題。 本實驗主要是探討茶沖泡方式及儲藏條件，對於茶液中成分變化的影響，探討的茶包含紅茶、烏龍茶、綠茶及其茶包。並使用質譜儀及高效能液相層析儀配備紫外光偵測器分析茶液中之成分，實驗結果顯示加蓋子的茶杯儲存茶時比沒蓋子的要好；成分變化速率又以未發酵的綠茶較發酵的紅茶和烏龍茶快；低溫儲存時，亦可延緩茶的成分變化，例如加蓋並存放於冰箱，茶甚至可置放至隔夜其成分均不會改變；尤其本實驗尚發現照光與否影響茶液成分變化甚鉅。;Tea is the most widely accepted and consumed beverage worldwide due to its characteristic aroma and taste. Recent studies have provided the strong scientific basis for understanding the health promoting effects and cancer preventive actions of tea. The components of tea especial the catechins are varied with the conditions of making tea. To understand and determine the chemical composition of tea is very important. Some investigations of the parameters on the storage and making of tea were carried on in this study. The kinds of tea studied were including black tea, oolong tea, green tea, and instant tea bags. A high performance liquid chromatograph combined with UV detector was used to analyze the components of tea. The results showed that the composition of tea solution is dependant of the exposure of light. The tea kept in cup with cover was better than that without cover. The ingredients in green tea were changed faster than those in fermentative black tea and oolong tea. The components of tea can be kept unchanged for a long time at low temperature. In refrigerator, the time can be extended to overnight.

給定下面範例：\r 058823529411764705882 +235294117647058823532\r =0588235294117647058823529411764705882353，\r 其等式結果與質數17 的倒數結果(1/17)有某種關聯(卻沒有一個決定性的證據)，意即\r 1/17=0.0588235294117647=\r 0.058823529411764705882352941176470588235294117647...... ( Len(17) =16 )\r \r 曾經在下列網站上發現過幾組數字(挑戰試題)，引起我們極大的興趣。\r http://www.domino.research.ibm.com/Comm/wwwr_pondernsf/challenges/March2000.html\r http://www.math.smsu.edu/~les/POW08_96.html\r \r \r The two examples that I have are 0588 2+23532=05882353 and 058823529411764705882+23529411764705882353 2=0588235294117647058823529411764705882353 These were found by the Canadian professor Alf van der Poorten, and he gave a talk on these identities in December at the west coast number theory conference. He was unspecific as to exactly where these identities were coming from, but they are connected with reciprocals of primes:1/17 = 0.0588235294117647= 0.058823529411764705882352941176470588235294117647 ΛΛ ( Len(17) = 16 ) Though not mentioning how to obtain these equations, Prof. Poorten demonstrated the relationship between the above examples and the reciprocal of the prime numbers 17 (1/17 ) without a definitive proof.

二十四節氣是中國古代對氣象觀測的智慧結晶，由於近幾年來聖\r 嬰與反聖嬰現象的影響，在透過嘉義氣象觀測站的協助之下，利用\r Excel 進行簡易的雨量和氣溫統計，並配合中央氣象局發布的環流型\r 態和農業災害，來探討二十四節氣在嘉義地區的適用性。\r 以陽曆來區分節氣，每年會誤差6 小時，加上四年一閏，剛好彌\r 補差距，農曆則需19 年。至於聖嬰現象對嘉義地區則呈現涼夏和暖\r 冬，但在反聖嬰現象中則變為加強四季之特性，即是熱夏與寒冬。兩\r 者都造成雨量集中夏秋兩季，形成冬春乾旱。至於二十四節氣則是以\r 夏、秋的氣溫和雨量相關的諺語較適合嘉義地區。\r Abstract\r The 24 Solar Terms, is the achievement of weather observation from\r ancient China. Because of the effects from El Nina and La Nina these\r years, we proceed simple statistics of rainfall and temperature by using\r Excel and the assistance from Chia-yi Weather Station. We adopt the\r Circulation Type and the damage of agriculture from Central Weather\r Bureau, to discuss if the 24 Solar Terms for in Chia-yi area.\r To divide the 24 Solar Terms according to the solar calendar, there’ll\r be a six –hour gap every year. The gap could be made up every four years.\r But with the lunar calendar, it takes nineteen years to offset. The El Nina\r shows cool summer and warm winter in Chia-yi area, but the La Nina\r emphasizes the characteristics of the four seasons. It shows hot summer\r and cold winter. Both of them rain mostly in summer and fall, and cause\r the drought in winter and spring. The saying of the 24 Solar Terms is\r suitable for the temperature and the rainfall during summer and fall in\r Chia-yi area.

In order to facilitate a paradigm shift from traditional high volume chemical experiments to an environmentally friendly microdose experiment; I had to innovate and overcome a lot of difficulties. After six generations of experiment design I successfully reduced the volume of the combined reactants to a single drop. I utilized many recycled components to build my apparatus including a vintage computer, a simple CD disk, optical sensors and a transistor from a common computer mouse. By using a CCD monitor with an external camera feed, the single drop chemical reaction can be observed in real time and a recording of the event can be made. I chose the focus of the experiment to be the reaction of sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid to create a colloidal solution of sulfonium nanoparticles. By employing a custom-made transparency target to achieve a higher precision of measurement I have also conducted deeper research into the reaction order and the rate constants. 為了將傳統高劑量的化學實驗順利的推向顯微液滴的化學實驗上，今年我們更是創新突破了很多困難的關卡。 儀器設計由第一代減量研究到第六代的減量設計，目前已能成功的運用報廢的光碟片、報廢的電腦、報廢滑鼠內的感光二極體元件及電晶體來自製設計出兩反應物各一滴溶液做自動偵測反應的記錄。透過顯微鏡加裝的CCD電子螢幕目視觀看、拍成電子影片檔由電腦播放的目標。 因此，我選定了硫代硫酸鈉溶液和鹽酸溶液反應可產生硫奈米微粒的膠態溶液作為實驗的主軸及設計可較精確定量的投影片載液面，我們也企圖對其反應速率式的級數及反應速率常數做更深入的探討。

筆者利用自製的幾丁質與不同金屬的混合溶液而燒結出的奈米顆粒成效極佳，不但粒徑大小符合，在燒結的過程中也不需經過物理研磨及介面活性劑的輔助，並且在低溫下即可燒結，可以增加實用性以及商業價值。此外，在分解亞甲藍方面也有不錯的效率，並進一步從金屬氧化物之奈米膠體混合溶液比例的不同，決定其粗糙度（以AFM測定）及能隙改變，在陽光下有更高的應用效率。而在實驗的延伸研究上，希望應用在防菌、除污、甚至光電池。 We make use of self-made chitin with the mixed solutions of different metals to solder nano particles, and the result is excellent. The particle radius not only matches up to the size, but in the process of soldering nano particles, it doesn’t need any physical pulverizing or surfactant assistance. Also, it can solder in low temperature. And we could raise its practicality and the business value. What’s more, there is a good efficiency in decomposing Methylene Blue. We can further decide the roughness (measured with AFM) and the variation of the band gap from nano colloid of different metal oxide mixed ratios.Our experiment in the extending research aims to apply it to the defense of bacteria and pollution, and even photoelectric cell.

長期以來，臨床研究發現酒精會影響人類胚胎的正常發育，但是其分子機 制尚不清楚。在本研究中利用RNA 定位雜交的方式觀察酒精對於胚胎發育過程 中shh、sox9a、sox9b、col2a1、hand2 的影響，發現這些基因的表現均會受到酒 精的抑制。這項結果顯示在胚胎發育過程中，酒精透過對上述基因的影響，造成 神經脊細胞減少，細胞遷移異常，以及干擾軟骨細胞分化的現象，進而造成頭骨 發育的嚴重缺陷。此外，實驗中亦發現生長激素在腦下垂體的表現亦受到酒精抑 制。這項研究的結果成功地從基因的層次深入了解胎兒酒精中毒症候群造成頭骨 畸形及生長遲緩的病理機制。 It was known that prenatal alcohol exposure may cause serious birth defects and developmental disabilities. The molecular mechanism of this fetal alcohol syndrome still remains unclear. As revealed by whole mount RNA in situ hybridization, it was shown that expression of a number of craniofacial cartilage-related genes, including shh, sox9a, sox9b, col2a1 and hand2, were all inhibited in zebrafish embryo by alcohol exposure. It suggests that alcohol exposure may result in reducing neural crest cell production, interfering neural crest migration, preventing chondrogenesis and eventually cause craniofacial defects. In addition, the transcriptional profile of pituitary hormones were investigated by RNA in situ hybridization. It appears that only growth hormone, but not prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone, was inhibited by alcohol exposure. The reduction of growth hormone transcription was also confirmed by real time PCR. It also appears that the expression of upstream transcription factor pit1 and downstream target gene igf1 remains unchanged. It suggests that the reduction of gh transcription is mediated by a PIT1-independent pathway. The transcriptional profile of alcohol-exposed embryo was investigated by gene microarray analysis. It appears that the expression profiles of a number of development, cellular signaling, cell growth and apoptosis related genes have be affected by 1.5% alcohol treatment. It was noted that a number of retinal-specific genes were all repressed significantly. It consists with histochemical observation that alcohol exposure results in loss lamination and disturbed differentiation. This study help us understanding the molecular mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome.

In this experiment, we hope to produce appropriate-sized nano particles of by using the chitin. By mixing the particles with the metal of Ti, Fe and Zn of proper proportions and therefore narrow their band gaps. Thus, the Bacteriostasis of LightPhotocatalysts could appear under the environment where the energy is lower than ultraviolet ray. We use de-acetylated chitin in three ways -- chelating agent, surfactant and protecter. Then we put a thin layer of the mixture of chitin and metal nano particles on a piece of glass, and afterwards, sintering the mixture on the glass. Next, we scan the surface of the glass with AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy) to measure its particle size. The result we got showed that the surface-roughness of the Ti-Fe nano particles was 30.642nm, the best solution of all the samples. Yet, in this experiment, Fe was not suitable. Therefore we should choose the sample of Ti-Zn mixture, which is slightly smaller in roughness. According to the result we got from the experiment, we found that, under the yellow light, the survivable strain-number ratio of the sintered Ti-Fe-Zn mixture on the glass and empty glass was 0.09±0.06. This was much better than the survivable strain-number ratio of 0.17±0.06, the result we got out from the glass of pure Ti and empty glass. From the measurement, we found that the proportion of mixture could lower the excitation energy Ti needs. Through this experiment, we hope to create a layer of film containing nano particles, and by applying it to daily-use products, we could prevent harmful bacteria. 本實驗的目的，就是希望可以利用幾丁質製作出適當粒徑大小的金屬奈米顆粒，混合適當比例的鈦、鐵、鋅金屬，使其能隙變窄，讓我們能在低於紫外光能量的光譜下，產生奈米光觸媒的抑菌效果。筆者在實驗中利用去乙醯化之幾丁質在本實驗中扮演三種角色:螯合劑、介面活性劑及保護劑，以將幾丁質與金屬奈米顆粒均勻塗抹於玻璃上，並以燒結玻璃的方式進行實驗。並且利用AFM掃描玻璃表面，確認其表面尺度，驗證的結果Ti-Fe混合比例的奈米顆粒之表面粗糙度為30.642nm，為最佳狀態，但在本實驗中Fe並不適用，故應以粗糙度僅次於Ti-Fe的Ti-Zn混合比例為主。根據實驗的結果，在綠光下，混合比例的Ti-Fe-Zn玻璃與空白玻璃的菌落數比，菌落存活率為0.09±0.06，相較於純Ti的0.17±0.06來的低，代表混合比例可降低Ti所需之激發能量。經過此實驗未來筆者希望可以以幾丁質製作出一層含奈米顆粒的薄膜，應用到各種生活用品防止細菌的危害。

在哺乳動物裡，硫酸化是一種參與外來物解毒作用、內生組織的荷爾蒙調節、藥物代謝及膽汁解毒之重要路徑。其中， SULTZ ( hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase ）是能進行上述反應的酵素之一，為了對 SULTZ 的功能與早期發育所扮演的角色作進一步的研究，在本實驗中，我們以班馬魚為模式動物，希望藉由原位雜交法（ in situ hybridization ）找到 SULTZ 在班馬魚早期胚胎發育的 RNA 表現位置。由目前的實驗結果，發現從卵巢到1-cell、 dome 、 50 ％一 epiboly 、 12 小時，都可在胚胎細胞看到訊號表現 · 在 24 小時、 36 小時、 48 小時、 72 小時則可在脊椎兩側體節的肌肉、內胚層、嗅窩、頭部看到訊號表現，此外，在成腦的原位雜交染色結果中亦看到了訊號表現。由此可推論 SULTZ 在斑馬魚早期發育確實扮演了重要的角色。Sulphonation is an important pathway for detoxification of xenobioties, bile acids, drug metabolism, and the regulation of endogenous hormones. SULT2 (hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase) is one of the enzymes which catalyse sulphonation. Zebrafish has emerged as a popular animal model in recent years. Compared with other vertebrates, it provides advantages including ease to get embryos, rapid external development, virtually transparent embryos and ease of genetic manipulation. The above-mentioned strong points made zebrafish a good model animal for us to understand the function of SULT2 during early embryonic development. We performed in situ hybridization to find out the RNA expression of SULT2 during zerbrafish early development. According to our present results, we can detect expression signal on the edge of telencephalon and tectum opticum. the edge on the dorsal zone of corpus cerebelli and ventral zone of periventircular hypothalamus of the adult brain. Besides, we can observe signal evenly distributed in blastocytes of the embryo at 1-cell, dome. 50%-epiboly and 12 hours after fertilization. We also find signal on the muscle next to the spinal cord during the stages of 24, 36, 48 and 72hrs. There are also expressions on hypoblast of embryos at 24, 36 and 72hrs, the olfactory pit at 36 and 4hrs, and strong expression in head region at 48 and 72hrs. These results suggest that SULT2 may have some function at the early development of zebrafish.