全國中小學科展

地球與環境科學

地球低頻震動事件偵測

本研究主要成果爲: 一、 利用本分析法成功驗證颶風Bill (2009) 侵襲美國東岸期間沿著棚裂形成的“stormquakes” 現象(下文稱爲「風暴震」)。 二、 探討並確認近十年間10個中、強颱通過臺灣附近水域時,臺灣的地震測站沒有記錄到風暴震產生的訊號。 我們透過頻譜分析發現,0.01 ~ 0.05 Hz頻段的地震波形數據在我們研究的多數西太平洋颱風通過期間有顯著的能量增加,卻沒有產生來自海域的點源訊號。不過在2009年莫拉克颱風與2013年天兔颱風期間,波形記錄到了數十起來自陸地的振動訊號(經判定爲山崩)。我們發展了一種定位方法,成功定位颶風Bill與上述兩颱風期間的訊號;並且對比了20次已知震央的構造地震,確認定位方法的可行度。

Bio-Circular-Green Superabsorber

As the world has become concerned about the global waste crisis and global warming, there has been a surge of research within materials science to find materials that would replace plastic, such as bioplastics or biodegradable materials, in order to reduce environmental pollution. Plastics generates the microplastics that allowed them to become cross contamination enter the ocean through land, sea and river. Science research found (Lusher et al. (2017)) over 220 species of marine animals ingested microplastic, half of them are considered relevant for commercial purpose and increasing the risk of human consumption as it can induce immune response, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, alter membrane integrity and cause differential expression of genes. Thailand is also experiencing such a challenge, as seen by the overabundance of plastic waste that might take centuries to decompose. For example, around 1680 million personal hygiene products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, and tampons are used each year. This study highlights the use of naturally accessible absorbent fibers from malva nut (Scaphium scaphigerum) (G. Don) Guib & Planch.), which is widely available and biodegradable in nature and has a low carbon footprint. This study also aimed to develop natural absorbent pads using compostable spun, external layers, and biodegradable glue. A prototype sanitary napkin with biodegradable absorbent pads was developed and evaluated for absorption ability, absorption rate, pH, and biodegradability. The absorbent material absorbed up to 19 times its weight in 2 minutes and 33 times its weight in 2 hours, which is enough for an average of 80-150 mL of menstrual blood. The prototype napkin deteriorated within 99 days, based on naked eye observation. Some signs of degradation and microorganisms growing on the prototype were also observed from scanning electron microscopic images. According to the findings, natural absorbent pads made from malva nut have the potential to be converted into sanitary napkins. Furthermore, it is proposed that the components, which include superabsorbent renewable materials, spinning compostable layer, external compostable layer and biodegradable glue, may be used in a variety of goods, including adult diaper pants, incontinence pads, and laboratory bench mats.

HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as a Laundry Liquid Waste Treatment Household Environment

Washing is one of the things that must be done by every household. Rural and urban communities have to wash clothes every day, to get clean clothes so they can be reused. But it turns out that with many households doing this activity, it will cause side effects that are not good. The impact will worsen the quality of the surrounding water because this activity is not equipped with a waste treatment process, but instead is dumped directly into the nearest ditch or river. As a result, this waste causes water pollution. The chemical compositions contained in detergents are grouped into 3, namely surface active substances ranging from 20-30%, reinforcing agents are the largest detergent components ranging from 70-80% and other ingredients around 2-8%, where surfactants are the main ingredients. cleaning agent in detergent. If not managed properly, it will cause environmental problems in the future. This research was carried out for 4 months at MAN Sidoarjo and Brawijaya University. The research method used was research and development and experiment methods, and data collection techniques using the observation method. From these problems, we offer a solution by making an internet of things-based device which we call HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as the processing of household laundry liquid waste. HOPE Waste is a house-shaped device that functions to treat Laundry Liquid Waste which combines electrocoagulation methods and utilizes Biosorbents, namely Barringtonia Asiatica and Activated Charcoal which are made into powder. Where the Biosorbent content can bind chemicals in laundry liquid waste so that we can combine them using environmentally friendly IoT-based electrocoagulation methods.

濁水不犯清水-探究涇渭分明成因

涇渭分明是世界上少見的河流現象,濁水與清水可以各自分流互不混合。此次研究透過實驗,改變兩水體流量差、匯聚角度、水體泥沙濃度、水中鹽濃度探討濁水及清水混和程度,並藉由水體顏色的透光程度數據化實驗結果,並透過程式與圖表進行推演,得出影響混和程度的變因及其相關程度。 根據實驗數據,角度越小、清水大於濁水的流量越大、濃度在一定範圍下,河流分明的現象將越明顯,然而礙於實驗尺度不如自然界,實驗結果存在臨界值。而此結論與自然界狀況做對照亦有類似結論。 整體來說,分流現象是多種自然因素下的結果,單一因素的討論難以完整表達全體效果,但可以看出其趨勢,以及對於涇渭分明現象的影響程度。

HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as a Laundry Liquid Waste Treatment Household Environment

Washing is one of the things that must be done by every household. Rural and urban communities have to wash clothes every day, to get clean clothes so they can be reused. But it turns out that with many households doing this activity, it will cause side effects that are not good. The impact will worsen the quality of the surrounding water because this activity is not equipped with a waste treatment process, but instead is dumped directly into the nearest ditch or river. As a result, this waste causes water pollution. The chemical compositions contained in detergents are grouped into 3, namely surface active substances ranging from 20-30%, reinforcing agents are the largest detergent components ranging from 70-80% and other ingredients around 2-8%, where surfactants are the main ingredients. cleaning agent in detergent. If not managed properly, it will cause environmental problems in the future. This research was carried out for 4 months at MAN Sidoarjo and Brawijaya University. The research method used was research and development and experiment methods, and data collection techniques using the observation method. From these problems, we offer a solution by making an internet of things-based device which we call HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as the processing of household laundry liquid waste. HOPE Waste is a house-shaped device that functions to treat Laundry Liquid Waste which combines electrocoagulation methods and utilizes Biosorbents, namely Barringtonia Asiatica and Activated Charcoal which are made into powder. Where the Biosorbent content can bind chemicals in laundry liquid waste so that we can combine them using environmentally friendly IoT-based electrocoagulation methods.

海洋汙染物聚苯乙烯與其降解物對鈣板藻的影響

海洋污染是本世紀最大議題之一,其中聚苯乙烯為最大量的塑膠微珠汙染,危害許多的海洋生物,影響海洋浮游藻類的基礎生產力,為了瞭解塑膠微珠以及其降解物對浮游藻類的影響性,本實驗選擇海洋中碳酸鈣沉降最多的鈣板藻進行研究,並探討塑膠微珠與其降解物對海洋生態的影響,利用流式細胞儀研究塑膠微珠(聚苯乙烯)和塑膠微珠降解物(苯乙烯單體)對鈣板藻數量、細胞複雜度、細胞大小、葉綠素含量等多重影響性,並利用質譜儀方法分析苯乙烯在細胞中和細胞外增加或減少的含量。

自製模型模擬地震對地球自轉速率變化之探討

為了解地震對地球自轉速率變化之影響,本研究使用自製地球模型、模擬板塊裝置,並運用 Tracker 等程式,模擬地震後地球自轉變化情形。 自製地球轉動時角速度有週期變化,可當作模擬地震發生的背景資料。研究結果顯示,加重板塊負重,角速度無明顯變化趨勢,但自轉一圈所需時間皆增加。改變板塊位置,北緯 22.5 度組角速度圖形高峰值及振幅顯著增加,赤道、北緯 45 度組變化則不明顯。 板塊移動與球體旋轉同向時,角速度變化振幅明顯加大,反向則不明顯。在角速度相對小時移動板塊,角速度趨勢往下,平均角速度減少;反之,在角速度相對大時移動板塊,角速度趨勢往上,平均角速度增加。 本模型模擬之地震所引發之日長改變量,經由換算相當於自轉週期 24 小時的地球改變了 36 分鐘。

探討不同型態的海底峽谷對底棲動物群聚結構的影響

深海複雜多變的環境因子塑造了多樣的生態棲地,海底峽谷便是其中之一。全球9000個海底峽谷涵蓋了大陸斜坡總面積的11.2%,其中有6個峽谷分佈在臺灣西南海域。本研究結合作者出海採得的樣本與國內海洋研究所的採樣資料,探究西南海域高屏與枋寮峽谷的生態結構。 本研究應用生態統計分析,發現兩峽谷的主要差異為沉積物來源、粒徑分佈與物理性擾動強度不同,使兩峽谷的生物密度隨深度變化趨勢截然相反,生物組成亦存在顯著差異。接著藉由建立模型分析,驗證環境擾動與食物量為形塑區域性生態結構的主導因素,結果發現環境擾動對生物的影響幅度大於食物量,並討論了峽谷地形作為天然實驗室的潛力及未來研究發展。

STUDY OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION OF POLTAVA REGION

Ukraine as a whole, as well as Poltava Region in particular, have a problem with the state of atmospheric air pollution, because the vast majority of motor vehicles and industrial, energy, and mining enterprises are not equipped with proper cleaning filters. A clear confirmation of the ineffectiveness of Ukraine in matters of monitoring the condition and protection of the atmosphere, in comparison with European countries, was the scandal with the manipulation of exhausts of the Volkswagen concern (Dieselgate). Diesel engines use a catalyst with injection of a urea solution (AdBlue), or a catalytic converter built on the principle of accumulation of nitrogen oxides on a metal surface made of barium compounds . Synthetic urea in automotive catalysts transforms dangerous nitrogen oxides into harmless nitrogen and water . However, due to the software, during everyday use of the VW engines in question, this function remained disabled and the catalytic converter was simply removed. However, we see such cars, along with others, even more morally and technically outdated, on the roads of Ukraine every day. The practice of burning stubble in spring and autumn also leads to extreme consequences of air pollution. The morally outdated system of monitoring the state of the atmosphere, which has remained in Ukraine since Soviet times, is not able to show the real state of pollution, and the lack of proper control on the part of the state leads, in general, to the worsening of the situation every year. Environmental problems in the country in general, and in Poltava Oblast in particular, are the cause of the spread of cancer and high human mortality. Almost 80,000 people die of oncology in the country every year. According to 2020 data, the mortality of the population of Poltava Oblast from non-communicable diseases exceeds the average indicators for Ukraine: Ukraine – 1,597 people per 100,000 population, Poltava Oblast – 1,793 people per 100,000. Therefore, the relevance of the problem raised is extremely high, and it is necessary to start with monitoring air pollution and raising the problem at the national level, because most of the country's residents do not even know what kind of air they breathe at home and on the street.

基隆潮境海灣槍蝦聲響變化與環境關聯性分析

槍蝦閉合大螯所發出聲響為海洋珊瑚礁生態系中最主要的聲源,其聲音受多項環境因子影響,具有分析珊瑚礁生態系健康程度的可行性。本研究利用基隆潮境海域蒐集到的高時間密度採樣資料,嘗試分析槍蝦聲響在不同時間尺度下的變化與水溫、光度之關聯性,比較不同觀測期間與深度之資料,了解槍蝦聲響之特性。 研究結果顯示槍蝦聲響在長時間尺度下與水溫呈現高度正相關,且相同觀測期間、不同深度的兩筆資料變化趨勢相似;但相同深度、不同觀測期間的紀錄不僅變化趨勢與季節差異相關,整體數值也不同。槍蝦聲響每日亦具有規律的晝夜週期性變化,在清晨、黃昏出現高峰,白天期間與光度呈現負相關,夜晚期間與水溫高度正相關。最後,聲響峰值出現時間與日出日落時間最為相關,不同季節下之晝夜長短差異更造成顯著影響,不過仍會受水中實際接受到的光度影響。