As the world has become concerned about the global waste crisis and global warming, there has been a surge of research within materials science to find materials that would replace plastic, such as bioplastics or biodegradable materials, in order to reduce environmental pollution. Plastics generates the microplastics that allowed them to become cross contamination enter the ocean through land, sea and river. Science research found (Lusher et al. (2017)) over 220 species of marine animals ingested microplastic, half of them are considered relevant for commercial purpose and increasing the risk of human consumption as it can induce immune response, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, alter membrane integrity and cause differential expression of genes. Thailand is also experiencing such a challenge, as seen by the overabundance of plastic waste that might take centuries to decompose. For example, around 1680 million personal hygiene products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, and tampons are used each year. This study highlights the use of naturally accessible absorbent fibers from malva nut (Scaphium scaphigerum) (G. Don) Guib & Planch.), which is widely available and biodegradable in nature and has a low carbon footprint. This study also aimed to develop natural absorbent pads using compostable spun, external layers, and biodegradable glue. A prototype sanitary napkin with biodegradable absorbent pads was developed and evaluated for absorption ability, absorption rate, pH, and biodegradability. The absorbent material absorbed up to 19 times its weight in 2 minutes and 33 times its weight in 2 hours, which is enough for an average of 80-150 mL of menstrual blood. The prototype napkin deteriorated within 99 days, based on naked eye observation. Some signs of degradation and microorganisms growing on the prototype were also observed from scanning electron microscopic images. According to the findings, natural absorbent pads made from malva nut have the potential to be converted into sanitary napkins. Furthermore, it is proposed that the components, which include superabsorbent renewable materials, spinning compostable layer, external compostable layer and biodegradable glue, may be used in a variety of goods, including adult diaper pants, incontinence pads, and laboratory bench mats.

As the world has become concerned about the global waste crisis and global warming, there has been a surge of research within materials science to find materials that would replace plastic, such as bioplastics or biodegradable materials, in order to reduce environmental pollution. Plastics generates the microplastics that allowed them to become cross contamination enter the ocean through land, sea and river. Science research found (Lusher et al. (2017)) over 220 species of marine animals ingested microplastic, half of them are considered relevant for commercial purpose and increasing the risk of human consumption as it can induce immune response, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, alter membrane integrity and cause differential expression of genes. Thailand is also experiencing such a challenge, as seen by the overabundance of plastic waste that might take centuries to decompose. For example, around 1680 million personal hygiene products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, and tampons are used each year. This study highlights the use of naturally accessible absorbent fibers from malva nut (Scaphium scaphigerum) (G. Don) Guib & Planch.), which is widely available and biodegradable in nature and has a low carbon footprint. This study also aimed to develop natural absorbent pads using compostable spun, external layers, and biodegradable glue. A prototype sanitary napkin with biodegradable absorbent pads was developed and evaluated for absorption ability, absorption rate, pH, and biodegradability. The absorbent material absorbed up to 19 times its weight in 2 minutes and 33 times its weight in 2 hours, which is enough for an average of 80-150 mL of menstrual blood. The prototype napkin deteriorated within 99 days, based on naked eye observation. Some signs of degradation and microorganisms growing on the prototype were also observed from scanning electron microscopic images. According to the findings, natural absorbent pads made from malva nut have the potential to be converted into sanitary napkins. Furthermore, it is proposed that the components, which include superabsorbent renewable materials, spinning compostable layer, external compostable layer and biodegradable glue, may be used in a variety of goods, including adult diaper pants, incontinence pads, and laboratory bench mats.

本研究使用NOAA NECP Reanalysis Data 2000年~2020年冬季之緯向風、重力位高度場及其距平變化，探討北極震盪指數(AOI)、極地渦旋對北半球區域極端寒冷事件之關係。AOI與對流層300hPa北緯50~65度緯向平均之緯向風速變動關係較顯著，而與平流層(50hPa)極地渦旋的緯向風速變動僅呈現中度正相關。在太平洋區中，極端寒冷事件發生在AO負相位的比例最高，不過，極端寒冷事件不必然僅發生在AO負相位的大氣條件下，而是與極區的重力位高度場變動有關，且可能發生延遲影響。當極區平流層(50hPa~100hPa)或極區對流層(300hPa~500hPa)的週平均重力位高度距平值明顯上升，代表極地渦旋發生變化，大多有伴隨有極端寒冷事件的出現，即使處於AO正相位的情況亦然，本文對於區域極端寒冷天氣事件之重力位高度場特徵做歸納與說明。

本報告研究台灣地區閃電與雷達回波強度的關係，期望了解雷達回波資訊成為閃電多寡代言人的可能，以及是否存在閃電活躍區及寧靜區。方法為將台灣附近區域分別以不同空間尺度 0.125 度、 0.25 度及 0.5 度、 1 小時的時間視窗將閃電及雷達資料分割。再利用 R 程式將雷達回波圖的不同像素轉化為強度數值，分析不同時間及空間下，第 95 百分位的回波強度和閃電個數對數資料的關係。 我們選取2019 及 2020 年中 8 個閃電個數高的氣象事件進行分析，發現相同時間移動視窗下及固定 空間網格點內的雷達回波強度較小時，閃電個數的對數值偏低 相反的，當雷達回波強度增加，除可能發生較少閃電個數的情況，會出現較多的閃電個數。當我們將各雷達回波強度階層對應到閃電個數對 數值大約的最高 門檻，進行線性迴歸分析，結果呈現三種不同空間尺度的網格得到的判定係數均接近 1 ，斜率稍有不同，但都約為 0.1 ，顯示此關係 可以利用雷達 回波強度進行閃電在空間時間分布的估計。 以上述經驗公式為基準，將各雷達回波 強度階層所對應到的閃電可能個數以 25% 分為低標及高標，繪出閃電寧靜區及活躍區比較，發現台灣西南部及其海域為活躍區，本島為中間區，而寧靜區的分布較不規則，但多在台灣西南、東北海域。

Washing is one of the things that must be done by every household. Rural and urban communities have to wash clothes every day, to get clean clothes so they can be reused. But it turns out that with many households doing this activity, it will cause side effects that are not good. The impact will worsen the quality of the surrounding water because this activity is not equipped with a waste treatment process, but instead is dumped directly into the nearest ditch or river. As a result, this waste causes water pollution. The chemical compositions contained in detergents are grouped into 3, namely surface active substances ranging from 20-30%, reinforcing agents are the largest detergent components ranging from 70-80% and other ingredients around 2-8%, where surfactants are the main ingredients. cleaning agent in detergent. If not managed properly, it will cause environmental problems in the future. This research was carried out for 4 months at MAN Sidoarjo and Brawijaya University. The research method used was research and development and experiment methods, and data collection techniques using the observation method. From these problems, we offer a solution by making an internet of things-based device which we call HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as the processing of household laundry liquid waste. HOPE Waste is a house-shaped device that functions to treat Laundry Liquid Waste which combines electrocoagulation methods and utilizes Biosorbents, namely Barringtonia Asiatica and Activated Charcoal which are made into powder. Where the Biosorbent content can bind chemicals in laundry liquid waste so that we can combine them using environmentally friendly IoT-based electrocoagulation methods.

涇渭分明是世界上少見的河流現象，濁水與清水可以各自分流互不混合。此次研究透過實驗，改變兩水體流量差、匯聚角度、水體泥沙濃度、水中鹽濃度探討濁水及清水混和程度，並藉由水體顏色的透光程度數據化實驗結果，並透過程式與圖表進行推演，得出影響混和程度的變因及其相關程度。 根據實驗數據，角度越小、清水大於濁水的流量越大、濃度在一定範圍下，河流分明的現象將越明顯，然而礙於實驗尺度不如自然界，實驗結果存在臨界值。而此結論與自然界狀況做對照亦有類似結論。 整體來說,分流現象是多種自然因素下的結果，單一因素的討論難以完整表達全體效果，但可以看出其趨勢，以及對於涇渭分明現象的影響程度。

本研究主要成果爲： 一、 利用本分析法成功驗證颶風Bill (2009) 侵襲美國東岸期間沿著棚裂形成的“stormquakes” 現象（下文稱爲「風暴震」）。 二、 探討並確認近十年間10個中、強颱通過臺灣附近水域時，臺灣的地震測站沒有記錄到風暴震產生的訊號。 我們透過頻譜分析發現，0.01 ~ 0.05 Hz頻段的地震波形數據在我們研究的多數西太平洋颱風通過期間有顯著的能量增加，卻沒有產生來自海域的點源訊號。不過在2009年莫拉克颱風與2013年天兔颱風期間，波形記錄到了數十起來自陸地的振動訊號（經判定爲山崩）。我們發展了一種定位方法，成功定位颶風Bill與上述兩颱風期間的訊號；並且對比了20次已知震央的構造地震，確認定位方法的可行度。

Washing is one of the things that must be done by every household. Rural and urban communities have to wash clothes every day, to get clean clothes so they can be reused. But it turns out that with many households doing this activity, it will cause side effects that are not good. The impact will worsen the quality of the surrounding water because this activity is not equipped with a waste treatment process, but instead is dumped directly into the nearest ditch or river. As a result, this waste causes water pollution. The chemical compositions contained in detergents are grouped into 3, namely surface active substances ranging from 20-30%, reinforcing agents are the largest detergent components ranging from 70-80% and other ingredients around 2-8%, where surfactants are the main ingredients. cleaning agent in detergent. If not managed properly, it will cause environmental problems in the future. This research was carried out for 4 months at MAN Sidoarjo and Brawijaya University. The research method used was research and development and experiment methods, and data collection techniques using the observation method. From these problems, we offer a solution by making an internet of things-based device which we call HOPE WASTE (House Processor Waste) with IoT (Internet of Things) as the processing of household laundry liquid waste. HOPE Waste is a house-shaped device that functions to treat Laundry Liquid Waste which combines electrocoagulation methods and utilizes Biosorbents, namely Barringtonia Asiatica and Activated Charcoal which are made into powder. Where the Biosorbent content can bind chemicals in laundry liquid waste so that we can combine them using environmentally friendly IoT-based electrocoagulation methods.

深海複雜多變的環境因子塑造了多樣的生態棲地，海底峽谷便是其中之一。全球9000個海底峽谷涵蓋了大陸斜坡總面積的11.2%，其中有6個峽谷分佈在臺灣西南海域。本研究結合作者出海採得的樣本與國內海洋研究所的採樣資料，探究西南海域高屏與枋寮峽谷的生態結構。 本研究應用生態統計分析，發現兩峽谷的主要差異為沉積物來源、粒徑分佈與物理性擾動強度不同，使兩峽谷的生物密度隨深度變化趨勢截然相反，生物組成亦存在顯著差異。接著藉由建立模型分析，驗證環境擾動與食物量為形塑區域性生態結構的主導因素，結果發現環境擾動對生物的影響幅度大於食物量，並討論了峽谷地形作為天然實驗室的潛力及未來研究發展。

本研究以水質對於藻礁的影響以及設計協助保育藻礁之無人機作為研究目標，藻礁是重要的地球資產，目前全世界藻礁數量岌岌可危，了解藻礁所適合的環境與水質指標，有助於保育以及維護藻礁生態，因此我們使用AI人工智慧技術，製作出AI視覺辨識飛行藻礁監測無人機，經過研究以及實驗，我們發現: 一、藻礁的生態環境以及藻礁對於海洋生物以及人類的重要性 二、石灰藻類對於海水水質變化的影響 同時實驗與測試也證明了我們的AI系統可以達到: 一、確實幫助人們觀察與研究藻礁 二、能夠有定期紀錄藻礁以便研究 三、對藻礁破壞與否進行辨識和提供預警 期望本研究能讓更多人一起關注並認識藻礁，並且增加AI技術的用途，讓這個海洋的紅寶石生生不息。