全國中小學科展

環境工程

3D仿生昆蟲翅膀感測器設計-利用SERS偵測微量汙染物分子

由於環境汙染、食安檢測需求提升,然現有的檢測方式成本和效率都不高,所以本研究試圖用拉曼光譜(Ramanspectroscopy)配合表面增強拉曼光譜 surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)解決訊號微弱的缺點,來找出成本和時間需求最低的檢測方法來進行檢測。我們選用金龜子、蟬和蝴蝶三種昆蟲的翅膀鍍上奈米厚度的銀(10nm)來試驗,以符合 SERS要求的粗糙結構和貴金屬表面,利用熱點效應和表面電漿子共振來增強拉曼光譜的訊號,在實驗中我們也對基板進行了各項檢測,包括 X光繞射分析(XRD)、原子力顯微鏡(AFM)、水接觸角分析以及電子顯微鏡分析(SEM 和 FESEM),也對比了各種參數,包括放置時間、鍍銀厚度、藥品濃度等,也加入了環境水檢測,我們也對比了諸多數據,並且找出所期望的成本最低效率最高的基板參數,未來也有望運用在河水汙染檢測或是農藥殘留量檢測,甚至能運用在藥品或是生物樣本檢測,可以說是有相當發展的潛力。

藍已去除–探討二氧化鈦奈米線在不同製程下對亞甲藍的降解效果

本研究是探討將 P25 二氧化鈦改質二氧化鈦奈米線,其製程在可見光照射下對亞甲藍的光降解效果(10mg 奈米線降解 20ppm、15mL 之亞甲藍溶液)。首先我們在五種不同水熱溫度中找出最佳的製程溫度,接著以不同的水熱時間找出最佳製程時間,最後我們發現以TiO2/180℃/18hr 為最佳二氧化鈦奈米線製程條件,在可見光照射下降解率達 41.7%。接著以此二氧化鈦奈米線作為載體,添加 1.0%的銅、銀、鐵,發現添加銀可有效提高其降解率達60.4%。最後以銀作為固定添加金屬,改變濃度製作觸媒,發現以 1.0%的銀為最佳製程條件,降解率為 60.4%。另外我們對觸媒進行 XRD、SEM、PL、氫氧自由基檢測、BET、DRS 分析、觸媒回收率、二次降解及日光降解之效果。我們發現觸媒回收率可達 94.2%,二次降解效率可達 99.0%與 94.0%。

雙酚 A 對白線斑蚊幼蟲生長發育的影響及病媒蚊防治策略探究

登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲主要孳生於人工積水容器中,幼蟲生長發育主要受到溫度與食物的影響。本研究至戶外調查人工積水容器,發現塑膠類人工容器為主要孳生類型。於實驗室以 11 種人工容器培養白線斑蚊幼蟲,結果發現塑膠底盆的幼蟲發育速度較快,蚊蟲平均翅長較長。以塑膠組成物質雙酚 A 進行試驗, 發現高濃度 (>50 mg/L) 雙酚 A 會導致幼蟲死亡, 活動力降低; 中濃度(12.5~1.56 mg/L) 會促進幼蟲生長速率,縮短發育時間;低濃度 (<0.78 mg/L) 則不顯著。以濃 6.25mg/L 雙酚A 處理蚊幼蟲,Q-PCR 顯示四個齡期的幼蟲蛻皮激素基因 (Ecr) 分別表現量都有增加,其中四齡幼蟲增加 9.68 倍,蛋白質分析顯示 34~72 kDa 之間的片段濃度增加。在蚊幼蟲防治上,4.0 %蛋胺酸和 1.0% 硼酸皆可 100%抑制孑孓活性,結合低濃度蛋胺酸(0.13%)和硼酸(< 0.5% )可以提升 30% 抑制孑孓活性的功效。

Design of a new Hydrogen Fueled Hybrid Car Prototype

The proposed project involves a new water-fueled hybrid car prototype that integrates various technologies, including photovoltaic (PV) panels, electrolysis, a fuel cell, a metal hydride tank, and a battery. The car is equipped with PV panels on its surface, such as the roof or hood, which convert solar energy into electricity. This electricity powers a DC motor that propels the vehicle. Excess electricity can be stored in a battery or used in an electrolysis system to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride tank for later use. Metal hydrides are materials capable of absorbing and releasing hydrogen gas, providing a safe and compact storage solution. The fuel cell converts hydrogen into electricity to power the DC motor when sunlight is not available. This hybrid system allows for direct solar-powered operation while also storing excess energy as hydrogen. Experimental tests were conducted on a prototype of this water-fueled car, with the fuel cell serving as a backup power source to ensure continuous operation even without solar energy. This concept offers several advantages, including the use of renewable solar energy, zero emissions during fuel cell operation, and the ability to store and utilize excess energy.

利用碳化含鐵金屬有機架構物進行廢水中金之選擇性回收

本研究旨在利用碳化含鐵金屬有機架構物回收廢棄印刷電路板廢水中的液相金,使用含鐵金屬有機架構物做為吸附劑基材,以不同溫度碳化提升材料對金回收性及金吸附選擇性, 並針對吸附劑材料進行物化特性分析。首先,利用六水合氯化鐵 (FeCl3‧6H2O) 與 2-氨基對苯二甲酸 (2-Aminoterephthalic Acid) 合成 NH2-MIL101(Fe), 並將其碳化後得到 C-NH2- MIL101(Fe) 材料。於金吸附測試中發現 C800-NH2-MIL101(Fe) 對液相金吸附效果優於NH2-MIL101(Fe) 與其他溫度之 C-NH2-MIL101(Fe)。此外, C800-NH2-MIL101(Fe) 在同時具有其他液相金屬的溶液中選擇性吸附能力明顯高於 NH2-MIL101(Fe)。材料之物化特性方面, 於 BET 分析發現 C800-NH2-MIL101(Fe) 的比表面積可達 180.9 (m²/g),說明碳化後可保留原材料特性;由 XPS 分析證實 C800-NH2-MIL101(Fe) 部分鍵結型態改變使其還原能力增強, 證實 C800-NH2-MIL101(Fe) 是具有實際應用潛力的良好吸附劑,可以進一步增量、優化製成並評估商業應用經濟效益。

Upcycling of Abandoned Beehives!!

Upcycling abandoned beehives to make new products can reuse the useful materials in old beehives and produce less trash. As known that bees leave their beehive in these following situations like insufficient replenishment, frequent unboxing and environmental issues. Then the beehive will be abandoned and will have no use left. In this project, a piece of honeycomb was collected from abandoned beehive and melted in order to extract beeswax. The potential of the extracted beeswax for replacing plastic to produce fillers of 3D pens was studied. Natural materials like seashell, rosin, soy bean and coffee ground were tested as ingredients of 3D printing materials. Finally, the potential of using extracted beeswax in 3D printing was confirmed. Beeswax has a low melting point at around 64°C and solidify quickly at room temperature. The high plasticity of this natural wax fulfills the criteria of 3D printing materials. Biodegradable wastes, like coffee grounds and soy bean grounds were tested as additives for reducing the beeswax content. Sea shell grounds were eliminated from the tested list as its filaments broke into small pieces of brittle fragments during the production process. 5% and 10% of these additives were the optimal formula for making long filaments. Yet, the thin filaments made by pure beeswax were not strong enough, filaments of selected beeswax-soy bean grounds were further strengthened by mixing with 5% or 10% rosin. Among the four different ratios of Beeswax: Soy bean grounds: Rosin (9:1:0.5 / 9:1:1 / 9.5:0.5:0.5 / 9.5:0.5:1), filaments in the ratio 9.5:0.5:0.5 demonstrated better flexibility, higher tensile strength and compressive strength, thus B9.5:S0.5:R0.5 was the final formula of biodegradable beeswax 3D filament.

Development of Oil Collecting Submarine using AI and hydrophobic solution

Such as the plastic waste and industrial discharge that permeate our oceans, it is the insidious and infamous nature of oil spills that demands our immediate attention. These spills, with their far-reaching ecological ramifications, pose a profound danger to our marine ecosystems, demanding urgent action and a heightened awareness of the true menace that is caused by this oil

Automatic Solar Panel Sprinkler Irrigation System

As the global demand for sustainable agriculture practices and renewable energy sources continues to rise, the integration of solar power technology with irrigation systems has gained significant attention. This abstract presents an overview of an innovative solution known as the "Automatic Solar Panel Sprinkler Irrigation System," which combines solar panels and smart irrigation technology to efficiently manage water resources in agricultural settings. The proposed system leverages solar panels to generate electricity and simultaneously operate an automated sprinkler irrigation system. Solar panels are strategically positioned in proximity to crop fields, utilizing photovoltaic cells to convert solar energy into electrical power. This energy is then harnessed to power the irrigation system, providing a sustainable and eco-friendly method for crop hydration. In Solar Power Generation the system consists of photovoltaic panels designed to capture solar energy during daylight. This renewable energy source is converted into electrical power, which is stored in batteries for subsequent use. Automated Sprinkler Irrigation is an advanced control system manages the irrigation process, ensuring efficient water distribution based on crop requirements. Soil moisture sensors and weather data are integrated to optimize irrigation scheduling. In Remote Monitoring and Control, farmers can remotely monitor and control the irrigation system through a user friendly interface, accessible via smartphones or computers. This feature enables real-time adjustments and ensures that water resources are utilized optimally. In Water Conservation the system is designed to minimize water wastage by delivering precise and targeted irrigation, reducing over-watering and the associated environmental impact. In Cost Savings the harnessing solar power, this system reduces electricity expenses, making it an economically viable solution for farmers, particularly in regions with ample sunlight. Using a tracker with an automatic solar panel sprinkler irrigation system can be a smart and efficient way to optimize the system's performance. And the most important thing is that in my prototype it is under the panel and will track the location of the Sun and with that it will lead to the Automatic movement of the panel from east to west and when the evening starts it will go back to its position.

Experimental Study on Optimal CADR Filter Thickness of Air Purifiers

美國環保署指出美國民眾 90%的時間待在室內,人們常用空氣清淨機改善不良的室內空氣品質,所以空氣清淨機效能對於健康影響至關重要。市面空氣清淨機常宣稱使用 HEPA濾材,但其厚度未必是理想的乾淨空氣輸送率(CADR)。目前僅有最佳CADR濾材厚度的理論,尚未有實驗資料佐證。本研究以實驗方式研析濾材厚度與最佳 CADR 厚度之關係。實驗使用自製空氣清淨機含離心風扇和不同厚度之濾材,測試四種濾材品牌及四種風扇功率,以 SMPS 測量上游及下游顆粒濃度來判定過濾效率,用單通法計算 CADR。結果顯示,隨著濾材厚度增加過濾效率與CADR 提升,但超過最佳濾材厚度後,厚度增加反而造成 CADR 降低。最佳 CADR 濾材厚度約出現在 0.1 微米顆粒有約 20-40%過濾效率時。若以最易穿透粒徑為參考點,則過濾效率約在 10- 30%。欲發揮空氣清淨機最大效益並延長使用期限,濾材厚度應約略小於最佳 CADR 濾材厚度。

邁向淨零之低碳海水淡化整合技術

「2030 永續發展目標」,其中 SDG6 clean water 和 SDG13 的 climate action 讓我們開始思考怎麼樣可以讓人人能享有乾淨衛生的水以及面對氣候變遷的調適。我們建置一套液流式脫鹽電池實作海水淡化實驗,並將電極以碳布作修飾, 在 0.4 V 的操作條件下進行了 450 分鐘的海水淡化實驗。海水的導電度在淡室中從 45.36mS/cm 降至 0.29 mS/cm,並於濃室中提升至 76.17mS/cm。其 ASRR 為726.98μg/min/cm2,所需能耗為 55.29kJ/mol,電荷效率達 69.79%,成功的將海水淡化。分離後的鹵水再與二氧化碳及澎湖的玄武岩進行礦化反應實驗,在鹵水溶液礦化封存反應初期,二氧化碳與水溶液中大量的陽離子反應使得水溶液整體的濃度及 pH 值下降,使得整體反應趨向於玄武岩溶解反應;而隨著反應時間的增加玄武岩溶解量逐漸提高,水溶液中的陽離子濃度及 pH 值再度上升,使得整體反應自溶解狀態朝著礦化沉澱方向發展,在得到珍貴的水資源的同時還可將二氧化碳礦化,達到淨零的目標。