工程學

a. Purpose of the Research Evidence has shown that people are becoming more aware of environmental protection than in the past. Not only has the government made every effort to implement the policies of environmental protection, but Hong Kong citizens are also more willing to cooperate and help out. However, when it comes to conservation of energy and reduction of wastage, many people still regard it as a burden and they just take it lightly. In fact, environmental protection can be achieved in a convenient and simple way. We can easily put in practice in our daily lives. Because of this, we would like to introduce our invention - “shock Induced battery” by using our knowledge of Physics. b. Procedures The “Shock Induced battery” makes use of locomotion of human bodies to generate electricity. The electrical current generated from the specially designed generator will pass through the diode bridges, which adjust the current to one direction. This enables the electrical energy to be stored in the capacitor. This energy will be released when the battery is correctly connected to a circuit with a switch and a resistor. One of the features of the battery is that it is portable. It is mainly used to charge up electrical devices. But it is hoped that it will replace non-chargeable cells one day, and can directly be used in any electrical devices. In fact, our ultimate goal is to reduce the wastage of materials for making the cells, and to solve the problem of disposal of these cells. c. Data The induced a.c. voltage is full-wave rectified by the diode bridge. d. Conclusions In a word, we are trying to provide a chance for people to put environmental protection in practice, so as to raise the awareness of people about environmental protection. After all, high-tech products only solve the power-saving problem to a certain extent, but it is the awareness and the initiatives of the public which matter. We are convinced that environmental protection brings fun to your daily lives, as you will find practices on environmental protection both convenient and simple.

目前正逢能源危機之際，能源再生成為全球關注的課題。有鑒於此，本研究應用高導磁環形鐵粉芯，在表面纏繞多圈漆包線，形成環形管(Toroid)。環形管外圍再繞上交流電源線，電源線內電流產生的磁場，被高導磁環形鐵粉芯所引導，產生較強而均勻的磁場，傳遞至內圈的單心漆包線環形管，依法拉第定律產生電動勢，達到能源再生的目的。藉由六項實驗，驗明我們研究雙環形管理論，推演所得的電動勢公式 ε＝(μN1N2/2 r) a2ωIo cosωt 是正確的。再生的電動勢能驅動高亮度的發光二極體提供照明、電器產品充電；還能提供電流過載警示，防止電路過載起火的危險；串、並聯使用則可產出較大功率，深具應用與研究的價值。During mankind are urgent developing of new energy, recycle energy are also one of the global topics; we are using single-heart-Turn around how the high permeability enameled wire ring formation of iron powder core ring solenoid, from the external power supply line also used around - Ring solenoid (Toroid), due to changes current power supply lines of magnetic field generated by the high-permeability core Ring guided iron powder, and can produce more uniform magnetic field so that the inner ring of single-heart enameled wire Ring solenoid, according to Faraday's Law electromotive force can be generated to achieve purpose of recycle energy, we will be divided into six experimental studies to confirm this theory deductions obtained by electromotive forceε＝(μN1N2/2 r) a2ωIo cosωt is correct, this electromotive force will enable to supply high brightness LED Optical lighting, can also be used for current overload warning system , if use on series-parallel connection that will produce larger power output, it has great application potential, so the subject is worth to research and development.

近年來，未拉上手煞車所造成的傷害事故層出不窮，主要有兩個導因，一、車主已離車但未拉上手煞車；二、看見自己的車已經開始滑動，想用徒手力量阻擋。因為車輛的質量很大，往往沒有辦法阻止，反而造成了車主自身或周遭行人的傷亡。本設計主要功能是用於車輛滑動的預防。我們運用了加速規來感測地面的坡度，當車輛停放在斜坡，駕駛座上無人，且沒有拉起手煞車，本系統將會自動偵測，我們使用了OPA比較電路來判斷坡度是否達到我們預設的值，如果是，系統將會啟動警報器警告周圍的人，而且會自動將手煞車拉起，以防止車輛繼續下滑，這就是我們所發明的智慧手煞車的作動原理及基本的構想。我們希望藉由此設計，達到減少因未拉上手煞車而造成的事故，並且能藉由警報聲改正駕駛人習慣，減少傷亡提升車輛安全。

An Automatic Fine system for the handy-caps parking spaces We human beings Are developing creatures, And we believe that the Importance of scientific innovations depends on how much can they contribute in humanities services. Me and my friend worked so hard to present an Invention or a system that is going to make people lives better. In this point of view that we humans believe in. We work hard and we present Inventions, science fears, and new Ideas by a purpose and an intention that those thoughts, Inventions, Ideas, researches …etc. Will make us better people And will help in building a brighter future for mankind. Invention identity Name of the invention: My parking space,, My Right !! Components: Ultrasonic sensor, color sensor, RFID sensor and reader, buzzer, lights, NXT robot, conductive means (wires) How does the invention work? Operating Process The first point we want to make it clear to you that we have two stages: now (present) and later in real life. For the moment : We are using an educational robot (NXT mindstorm) with a programme from our design , using the Ultrasonic sensor to know if there is a car parking or not then using a color sensor to determine if the car is allowed to park or not And if not then write a ticket and a fine but before that it gives an alarm to notice the driver. The main objective of the invention We want to help maintaining the lost rights for the handy-cap people in their parking spots. Because we gave them less than what the numbers say we should of give them so we didn't give them what they deserve and we came at the same time and steeled it from them. this invention is used: usage fields This invention will be used in the handy-caps parking spaces as well as they will help of the economic. It can be employed and used instead of a lot of security persons or traffic Police department. The future vision of the invention It can be combined in a one small unit and with touch panels to know if there is a car parking or not, RFID to determine if the car is allowed or not to park in this space and a camera to know the exact car or maybe by reading the electronic chip in the cars plate .

The focus of this investigation is on how one might be able to reduce the number of accidents and the risk of accidents on our country’s roads by using more reflective products on or in the roads. The reflective products that were used in experimental processes for this investigation were: glass (both brown and clear in colour); oyster shells; reflective paint containing glass beads; glass beads on their own; armour plated glass and a road reflector. These reflective products were compared to a normal tar road and a concrete road

The purpose of this research is to create a device that is able to precisely measure small dynamic changes which cannot be recognized by the human eyes. The Vernier Caliper and the screw micrometer are common tools used to precisely measure lengths of objects. However, things which are measured by the Vernier Caliper or the screw micrometer have to be in a solid state, and the shape cannot be changed. By applying the light lever principle on Lego bricks, this research uses the LabVIEW graphical programming system to design a device which is able to automatically measure small dynamic changes. The precision of this device is higher than that of the Vernier Caliper and the screw micrometer. Moreover, this device is able to precisely detect the small dynamic changes of solids and liquids as well. Through numerous tests, the least count of the device can reach the level of 10-3cm. Also, this device has successfully measured small changes, such as the height of the liquid surface by one drop of water, the evaporation of water in one minute, and the growth of a plant in one hour. By popularizing this device, people will be able to precisely measure small dynamic changes which are difficult to be measured in a short time.

本研究主要探討蝌蚪之游泳運動特性，及游泳速度(V)與尾鰭長度(SL)、尾鰭高度(SH)、身體質量(M)、尾鰭擺動頻率(TBF)、擺動幅度(AMP)之關係，並分析蝌蚪游泳之體軸變化及流場變化。祈能了解蝌蚪之游泳運動特性，進而探討其適應環境之機制。研究結果顯示：黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪體重(M)愈重，則鰭長、鰭高亦隨之生長，並呈現高度相關性(R2=0.9381、R2=0.9809)。另外，尾鰭生長時之長度增加較多。蝌蚪體重(M)與鰭長(SL)、鰭高(SH)之迴歸方程式(M=0.027SL＋0.342SH－0.078，R2＝0.9832)。黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪之游泳速度，會隨著尾鰭擺動頻率之增加而提高。尾鰭長度愈短之蝌蚪，增加游泳速度時尾鰭擺動頻率增加較多。蝌蚪游泳速度(V)與鰭長(SL)、擺動頻率(TBF)之迴歸方程式(V=0.480TBF＋4.804SL－4.381，R2＝0.9110)。不同尾鰭長度蝌蚪之擺幅對體長之比率並無明顯變化，其擺動幅度(AMP)的範圍介於0.45(BL)至0.56(BL)之間。蝌蚪游泳時各部分體軸之擺動幅度自吻端開始(P=0)至P 為0.24 時逐漸遞減，且在P 為0.24 時呈現最小擺幅，但P 超過0.24 之後直至尾鰭部分卻又大幅遞增，其最大值出現在尾鰭末端(P=1)。蝌蚪游泳是以尾鰭快速向中心軸擺動，產生較大的前進動力，過了軸線則慢速擺動，以減少阻力。This investigation is to explore the swimming habits of tadpoles- the relationship between their swimming velocity, length and height of their tails, mass, the frequency at which their tails movement, and the amplitude of the tail’s movement, as well as analysis their body axes, and the flow distribution of the water, in order to understand how the swimming patterns of the tadpoles are affected by the changes in their environment. The results of this investigation have shown that as the mass of the tadpoles increases, both the length and the height of their tails also increase according to the R values of the tail increases according to the R values of 0.9381 and 0.9809. However, it is observed the length of the tail increases at a faster rate than its height during the tadpoles’s growth. The formula which models the regression relationship between the tadpole’s mass, tail length, and tail height are found to be (M=0.027SL+0.342SH-0.078,R=0.9832). It’s also noted that as the length of the tadpole’s tail decreases, the velocity and the frequency of the tail would increases (the length of the tail is inversely proportional to the tadpole’s velocity and tail frequency). The formula which models the regression relationship between the tadpole’s velocity, tail length and tail frequency is (V=0.480TBF+4.804SL-4.381,R=0.9110) The different frequency model by tails of different lengths do not appear to have an apparent relationship with the tail length, given that the amplitude is between 0.45(BL) and 0.56(BL). As the tadpole swims, the angle between its oscillating body axes decrease as the P values increases from 0 to 0.24, their force the angle is at a minimum whom the P is at 0.24.Yet when P exceeds 0.24 the angle would increase dramatically. The maximum value is observed when P=1.The tadpole’s swimming motion mainly relays on the rapid oscillations of the tail about the centre of mass (body axis)-producing a stronger driving force, and slowing down towards the end of each oscillation to minimise the friction forces acting on the tadpole, which in furn, decrease its velocity.

Annually several baby’s and toddlers drown. There are safety devices available on the\r market for ex: Safety nets in which toddlers can get strangled. Pool covers that have to be\r taken off when people swim and replaced after they have swam. If they are not replaced\r afterwards, babies could fall in the water and drown. Fences around the pool:- The gate\r could accidentally be left open and the toddler could fall in and drown.

The water-supporting system of community should use high efficiency pumps to\r support water and set up a unique water tower for each floor. Since there are high and\r low period of water-consuming and the variety of water pressure, we have to set up a\r unique water tower for higher floors firstly.\r It help us through high peak period of water-consuming, or it turns on pressure-aid\r pumps to save energy.\r 社區供水系統應採高效率之幫浦高壓供水,分樓層設置專用水塔,在用水有高峰\r 及離峰時段,水壓有高低變化,優先順序供水給較高樓層的專用水塔,樓層專用水\r 塔容量必須足以渡過用水高峰時段之容量,否則就啟動輔助加壓幫浦,達到節約能\r 源之目的。

To-be static objects, such as bridges, volcanoes, seldom move ordinarily but have mini displacement only under special conditions, like flood or earthquakes. Therefore, how to measure their mini displacement has never become fully popular with scientists’ research. Then, beginning with “ Optical Lever Theorem”, through a series of speculation and discussion, I decide to use laser ray as light source to perform an experiment ------- trying to find objects with mini displacement in our daily lives, such as revolving electric fans, engine-opening motorcycles, shaken trees, testing their magnifying effect first. Next, I try to use the control-experiment method to find out the magnifying relation and formula of the rotation angle of the plane mirror and the displacement quantity of light focus. As to the measure of mini displacement on objects, I utilize the pillar mirror as a reflection plane to research the magnifying relation of reflection light focus and original displacement quantity. The image made from the light focus of pillar mirror’s reflection, however, isn’t so perfect that I have to use a special plastic-made light-concentrating mirror, which is also called “ Fresnel Lens ”, to focalize the light for easy observation. Besides, I find out the “ function graph ” of the mini displacement quantity on to-be static objects and the displacement quantity of reflection light focus. At last, I try to build up a “ Bridge Alarm System ” of Optical Lever Theorem. 準靜物如橋樑、火山，由於平常不輕易移動，只有在特殊情況下（如洪水、地震）時，才會發生位移的現象。因此，其微小變位如何測量，一向是科學界較少探討的題目。於是，先由光學槓桿原理著手，經過一番思考、探討，決定採用雷射光作為光源，並作了第一個實驗－－找生活中具極微小變位的東西，如轉動中的電扇、引擎發動的摩托車、被搖動的樹木等，先測試其放大效果。接著就試圖用控制變因的方法，找出平面鏡旋轉角度和光點平移量的放大關係和公式。至於物體微小的平移量之測量，則是利用柱面鏡作為反射面，來探討反射光點的位移與本來的平移量之放大關係。然而，柱面鏡的反射光點成像並不理想，於是用一種特製的塑膠集光鏡，又稱Fresnel Lens，將光點集中以利觀測，並且找出準靜物之微小平移量及反射光點的位移量的函數圖形。最後，嘗試建立一套光學槓桿式的「橋樑預警系統」。