工程學

The aim of the work is inventing the way in which the power of the ICE is the same and consuming of the fuel decreases. The following methods of investigation were used: analysis of the experience of the improvement of ICE, modeling, the brainstorming, methods of Decition Theory of Invention’s Tasks (DTIT). In this work Ivan Semyonov based on a hypothesis that if the non-supporting combustion exhausts will be drawn with the vacuum from cylinder fuel for the same power it needed less. The practical meaning of this work is in the attempt of studying the question of improving the ICE for getting and making the more perfect ICE.

本研究參考智慧型3C產品之節能協定，將其應用於電源開關裝置上，此開關裝置將具備工作模式、待機模式及睡眠模式，利用此三種模式並結合即時輪詢的技術，發展出適合智慧型節能開關裝置的節能協定，達到全自動且節能的目標。此智慧型節能開關裝置主要包括固態開關電路、電流感測電路、RC濾波器電路以及控制電路，本研究針對上述幾種主要電路進行電路的研究及實作，並建立模擬的電路模型，根據此模型設計出完整的智慧型節能開關裝置，進行其節能效率及未來大量應用的可行性分析。經過實作證明，此種具備節能協定的智慧型節能開關的確能有效地省下家電待機耗電，與市面上不具備節能協定的開關相比，有更高的使用便利性。

The purpose of the study was to develop and create a semi-automatic multi-purpose sorting and counting machine of standard articles. Currently, there is a problem of equipping industrial enterprises as well as small trade companies and large retailers with computing sorting machines of standard products of a certain shape. We would like to fill this missing link up with a simple, compact and inexpensive device. Procedures The proposed research consisted of a consistent design of a virtual model of the device and its electronic-mechanical implementation. The virtual model is simulated by a computer program "SolidWorks" object, which graphically shows the operation of the future device. In the development of the computing sorting device standard electronic devices and their associated software have been used. The created simplified real model demonstrates the basic principles and characteristics of the proposed device. Data As an example for the implementation of the concept device a computing device for sorting coins, in circulation in Russia has been created. As a basic principle of sorting objects by their geometric and weight characteristics were used. It is important that the device is focused on the correct form of the objects of sorting (balls, rings, coins, regular polyhedrons, screws, nuts, etc). To confirm the effectiveness of the computing device of this type of sorting, a series of tests of counting of objects manually have been carried out . The effectiveness of the device is determined by comparing the time characteristics of manual and automatic sorting. Findings and conclusions As a result of research and work performed, we have concluded that: 1) The proposed device can be used in various industries. (for example, while sorting ball bearings.) 2) Such a computing sorting device may find it's application in various commercial enterprises: to assist cashiers in retail ATMs. 3) Can be used in payment terminals. 4) 4) After a certain modernization of the device it can be used for money encashment.

The water-supporting system of community should use high efficiency pumps to\r support water and set up a unique water tower for each floor. Since there are high and\r low period of water-consuming and the variety of water pressure, we have to set up a\r unique water tower for higher floors firstly.\r It help us through high peak period of water-consuming, or it turns on pressure-aid\r pumps to save energy.\r 社區供水系統應採高效率之幫浦高壓供水,分樓層設置專用水塔,在用水有高峰\r 及離峰時段,水壓有高低變化,優先順序供水給較高樓層的專用水塔,樓層專用水\r 塔容量必須足以渡過用水高峰時段之容量,否則就啟動輔助加壓幫浦,達到節約能\r 源之目的。

The focus of this investigation is on how one might be able to reduce the number of accidents and the risk of accidents on our country’s roads by using more reflective products on or in the roads. The reflective products that were used in experimental processes for this investigation were: glass (both brown and clear in colour); oyster shells; reflective paint containing glass beads; glass beads on their own; armour plated glass and a road reflector. These reflective products were compared to a normal tar road and a concrete road

Purpose High-jump athletes are not always aware of the exact height they are jumping. They know that they are clearing the height set by the bar, but not their specific height, which may in fact be a record without them even knowing it. The purpose of this project is thus to design and make a device that will enable high-jump athletes to know exactly how high they are jumping. Procedure Background research was conducted and it was confirmed that no similar products are currently available. Possible types of sensors and micro-controllers were then investigated and then both a prototype and model were built to test the concept. Appropriate changes and adjustments were then made to the design until all func-tions were working accordingly. With the assistance of an experienced software de-veloper, a program was designed to communicate the data collected from the sen-sors into a graphical user interface. Results Many variables, contributing to the accuracy of the obtained results, had to be tak-en into consideration. These variables include interference with the sensors, which resulted in less accurate readings, as well as weather conditions. The latter was found not to have as drastic an effect on the results. Conclusion A device that enables athletes to measure the true height they are clearing was suc-cessfully designed and created. This device will thus be able to help motivate athletes by measuring their true capa-bilities.

This research primarily aims to observe how does the electric work, why does it work and the relationship between the surrounding circumstance and the repulsive torque. The electric whirl is made of an enameled wire bent into right angle with sharpened ends. When an AC high voltage is applied, the electric field intensity around the whirl ends is strong due to the small curvature radius of the ends. The molecules in air at both ends are ionized. This cause the phenomenon of point discharge. The positive and negative ions produced by alternating current forms AC ion wind, and produce a torque to make the whirl rotate. The object of this experiment is to observe the relationship between the surrounding circumstance and the torque repulsion. We design an apparatus to measure the angular velocity of the rotating whirl. We also calculated the kinetic energy of the whirl and the work done by the torque. The repulsive torque can be obtained by Work energy theorem. Result: (1)The angular velocity of the electric whirl is direct ratio to repulsive torque. When we want to find out the relationship between the manipulate reason and the repulsive torque, we can just compare the angular velocity with the manipulate reason. (2)The angular velocity of the electric whirl is only related to the peak voltage, and it does not make difference whether we apply AC high voltage and DC high voltage. (3)When the humidity is over 68%, the electric whirl cannot function normally. (4)Under the low-pressure circumstance, the electric whirl will rotate with glow discharge and the angular velocity will decrease to zero gradually.本實驗是探討電離轉輪的性質、原理與周圍環境的關係。「電離轉輪」為漆包線兩端折成直角並磨尖而成，接上交流高壓電源時，其尖端曲率半徑小，電場強度相對大，會游離尖端附近的空氣分子，產生尖端放電的現象，而交流電交替產生的正、負離子會形成交流離子風，並產生轉動力矩，使轉輪轉動。我們設計一個裝置，使其能偵測轉輪轉動的狀況，運用測得數據計算出轉動時的動能和作功狀況，套用功能定理便可求得轉輪通電時產生的斥力矩。實驗結果顯示(1)轉輪的角速度和尖端斥力矩成正相關，所以當我們想得知尖端斥力矩和實驗操縱變因的關係時，只要比較角速度和操縱變因就可以了，這簡化了原本繁複的計算和冗長的數據處理過程。(2)轉輪的角速度只和峰值電壓有關，和直流或交流沒有直接關係。(3)轉輪在超過溼度68%之後，就不會正常運作。(4)在低壓條件下，轉輪轉動時會伴隨淡紫色的輝光放電(glow discharge)現象，而抽氣塔中與轉輪尖端最接近的一點，也就是電場最強的一點，會和尖端同時產生光芒，相互輝映。

1. Purpose of the research Because we live in a famous winter sport region in Switzerland, we have been confronted with the problematic of avalanches since we were born. In winter 2011/2012 alone, 179 people were involved in an avalanche accident, of whom 25 died. The most important device for searching and rescuing a buried person is the avalanche transceiver. It creates an electromagnetic field, which can be used to locate a buried person with another transceiver. The most important factor while searching is time: After 30 min. the chance of survival of a buried person has dropped to 40%. Considering the fact that people often make mistakes when they are put under such a big stress, valuable time gets lost. This is where our project comes into play. With an automation of the searching process a fast and reliable search should be achieved. The aim we agreed on for this paper is to develop a prototype of a robot that can find an avalanche transceiver automatically and reliably. To study and optimize the functionality of our robot more easily, our tests have only been performed on flat ground. 2. Procedures The components of an avalanche transceiver with only one transmitting antenna are used as a receiver. With the help of this receiver, the signal of a transmitting avalanche transceiver was analysed. Furthermore, the results were used to evaluate the most suitable search technique. Our robot is based on the “RP6” robot system, which is programmable in the C-language. The signal of the receiver is modified in a way which allows the robot to read it. Based on the results of the signal analysis, a search algorithm is developed. In the final tests the robot was examined as to its functionality and efficiency. Therefore, the robot was positioned at randomly chosen starting points to locate the transmitting device. 3. Data The transmitter could be located correctly in every test. The starting points were successfully located up to 11 m from the transmitter. The search ending points were found at a maximum range of 0.5 m from the correct position. 4. Conclusions In view of the results, the aim of developing an automatic localisation of an avalanche transceiver on flat ground as a prototype is seen as fulfilled. Outside the specified range, the transmitter can only be located unreliably. This is due to the fact that outside that range the signal differential in different directions is too small to be processed by the robot. Our prototype was tested under ideal conditions. Certainly, our robot is still some way from being ready for use in an actual avalanche. Many different questions have not been answered yet or have come up during this project, for example: ‘How should the robot should be applied on uneven terrain?’ or: ‘How should it deal with several buried people at once (multiple transmitted signals)?’ Two aspects of our prototype, the low weight and the low construction costs, however, are particularly favourable.

The project is a simple traffic light which operate two by two type. The new ideas in this project are :1- Digital counter for car signal.2- Digital counter for side walkers. 3- Auto traffic detector.4- Red light crosser detector. Digital counters. The signals counting the whole period the the junction do in each cycle. The counter starting counting from 16 sec. down to zero and each side walk counter is vise versa with it is main counter. The time is changeable between 1-99 seconds. Also there are four square lights fitted with the main counter to illuminate the colors. Auto Traffic detector. There are three sets of switches in front of each traffic light to detect if the road is clear for the cars to enter the next road. Red light crosser detector. After the signal become red this system will operate to detect any car try to cross the red light by the car cutting the switch two times.