工程學

目前正逢能源危機之際，能源再生成為全球關注的課題。有鑒於此，本研究應用高導磁環形鐵粉芯，在表面纏繞多圈漆包線，形成環形管(Toroid)。環形管外圍再繞上交流電源線，電源線內電流產生的磁場，被高導磁環形鐵粉芯所引導，產生較強而均勻的磁場，傳遞至內圈的單心漆包線環形管，依法拉第定律產生電動勢，達到能源再生的目的。藉由六項實驗，驗明我們研究雙環形管理論，推演所得的電動勢公式 ε＝(μN1N2/2 r) a2ωIo cosωt 是正確的。再生的電動勢能驅動高亮度的發光二極體提供照明、電器產品充電；還能提供電流過載警示，防止電路過載起火的危險；串、並聯使用則可產出較大功率，深具應用與研究的價值。During mankind are urgent developing of new energy, recycle energy are also one of the global topics; we are using single-heart-Turn around how the high permeability enameled wire ring formation of iron powder core ring solenoid, from the external power supply line also used around - Ring solenoid (Toroid), due to changes current power supply lines of magnetic field generated by the high-permeability core Ring guided iron powder, and can produce more uniform magnetic field so that the inner ring of single-heart enameled wire Ring solenoid, according to Faraday's Law electromotive force can be generated to achieve purpose of recycle energy, we will be divided into six experimental studies to confirm this theory deductions obtained by electromotive forceε＝(μN1N2/2 r) a2ωIo cosωt is correct, this electromotive force will enable to supply high brightness LED Optical lighting, can also be used for current overload warning system , if use on series-parallel connection that will produce larger power output, it has great application potential, so the subject is worth to research and development.

光學滑鼠會以很高的速度不斷地對著接觸面拍照，藉由比對每幅影像間的變化來偵測滑鼠移動的速度與方向，本研究利用此特點而設計一個簡易的光學量測系統，其中包括透鏡、光源與接觸面材質的選擇，以及利用Raw Input 模式讀取個別滑鼠移動訊息而發展出來的量測程式，使得此系統可以在無接觸與無摩擦的情況下來測量外界物體的移動速度與距離，經由實驗證明，在光學感測器還可以感應與追蹤的範圍內，量測的數據還蠻精準的。接觸面到光學感測器透鏡的距離越遠，能夠測得移動物體的極速也越高，但是會造成感測器的解析度下降，如此限制了接觸面的材質種類，無法量測表面較為光滑的物體，但是在設計得宜的情況下，仍有蠻多方面的用途，日後若能採用較高效能的光學感測器並加上測距儀的輔助，相信此系統的應用層面會更為廣泛。Optical mouse can take continuous snapshots very quickly of the contact surface and compare the images sequentially to detect the direction and amount of movement. This study uses this feature to design a simple optical measurement system, including lens, illumination and contact surface choice, as well as the measurement program using raw input model to accept the movement information from the mouse. This system can measure the distance and speed of the motion object under the non-friction condition. From the experiment test result, this optical measurement system is workable and satisfactory. Contact surface to optical sensor distance farther, can measure the higher speed of the motion object, but will cause the lower resolution of the optical sensor. This will limit the variety of the contact surface; superficial smoother object is unable to measure. In the future if we can use the high performance optical sensor and assist with rangefinder, believed this system can have more widespread applications.

本研究提出以「球型感應馬達(Spherical Induction Motor) 」直接作為電動車球型輪胎的想法。四顆球型輪胎以三軸自由度旋轉的方式，將提供電動車更高的靈活性。 本研究聚焦在「球形感應馬達」原型機的開發。透過四個方法：等效電路理論、有限元素分析、實作與實驗，研究了球型感應馬達的四個面向：電機設計、電機實作、電機驅動與電機控制。以電機設計、電機實作證明了構想的可行性，並在建立了球型感應馬達完整的電機機械理論後，進行了電機驅動與電機控制。 最後，本研究實作出一架可運轉的球形感應馬達，並在建立完整的馬達數學模型後，以V/F控制法完成轉速與轉向的開迴路控制。本研究希望這部球型感應馬達，未來將能應用在以球型輪胎為動力裝置的電動載具上。

在生活的觀察中，我們注意到人們在轉動呼拉圈時似乎是行一種「以軸轉動一個半徑遠大於軸半徑的環」的運動，在查過相關資料後，並沒有發現比較完整的探討。本研究的目的，是要找出在圓環被轉軸所驅動的運動模式中，影響環轉動頻率的各個因素，諸如：環半徑、環質量、轉軸半徑與環轉速之間的關係。根據我們所做的實驗，對相同的一個環而言，以半徑較小的軸用固定轉速轉動時，即使環的轉速變快，但始終與轉軸的轉速相等。由此我們推斷：無論環與軸之間的半徑關係為何，在環能穩定轉動的情況下，兩者的轉動週期將會相等。另外，在實驗的過程中，「軸驅動環」所引起的軸晃動一直困擾著我們，但這也引發了一項應用：如果原本穩定轉動的環和軸振動，則振動將被放大，藉此設計可以作為地震感測器。亦可作為儀器的保護裝置或是指向裝置。While playing a hula-hoop, we noticed that it seems to be a motion that the axis rotates a circle whose radius is larger than axis’. By checking relative theses, we found that there is no better research having fully discussed about this topic. The purpose of this research is to find out the motion pattern that a circle is rotated by the foce of an axis and the factors affecting rotation, such as radius and mass of circles, the radius of axes, and the frequency of axes and circles. According to our experience, no matter which height the circle stay at, or how fast the frequency of axis is, the frequency of circle will be the same. As a result of this, we guess that if it can be a stable circle, the frequencies of the axis and the circle shall be the same. Another confusing fact is the vibration of the axis, but it enables a new application: if a vibration affects a circle-axis system, the vibration will be enlarged. By this application, we are able to design an earth-quack senor, or protecting or pointing instruments as well.

Introduction The discovery of titania (TiO2) nanotubes suggests vast improvements over extant titania properties. Titania nanotubes are aligned in highly-ordered arrays with a large geometric surface area, making them the ideal material for many applications. However, the mechanism responsible for the growth rates of highly-ordered nanotubes with optimal adhesive properties is not fully explained or understood. Purpose of Research The aims of this project were threefold: to explore the effects of different anodizing parameters on the fabrication of titania nanotubes; to study the photocatalytic activity of the nanotubes; and to deposit gold nanoparticles into the nanotubes. Methodology Nanotube Fabrication: Titanium foil was subjected to potentiostatic anodization with the use of various fluorinebased electrolytes, anodization voltage and duration to compare the effects of different parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the nanotube diameter and length of the anodized samples. Photo-electrochemica1 Water-splitting: A PEC cell was assembled using the nanotubes as the photoanode and the samples were anodically polarized in a 1M KOH electrolyte. A potentiostat was employed to control the applied bias and to measure the photocurrent response under light irradiation. Overall photoconversion efficiency (ηc) of the samples was then calculated. Catalyst Support: A gold precursor solution was prepared with HAuC14‧3H2O. Using a novel depositionprecipitation (DP) protocol, gold nanoparticles were deposited on the nanotubes. SEM was used to scan for traces of gold and their locations. Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used to confirm the identity of the gold nanoparticles. Data and Discussion Nanotube Fabrication: Preliminary studies found the glycerol/water and glycerol/formamide combinations to be the most promising. In glycerol/water-based electrolytes, higher water content corresponded to a decrease in nanotube length while higher anodization voltage resulted in a significant increase in tube diameter and length. In glycerol/formamide-based electrolytes, higher water content corresponded to a decrease in nanotube diameter while higher fluorine concentration resulted in an increase in inter-tubular spacing. The effects of various fabrication parameters were better understood, contributing to greater control over array dimensions. Photo-electrochemical Water-splitting: A higher anodizaion voltage resulted in a significant improvement in photoconversion efficiency. However, this trend was reversed in chlorine-doped samples, where a longer anodization duration corresponded with better photoconversion efficiency. Doping was found to enhance the photoresponse of the samples, with 6.32 % photoconversion efficiency obtained, suggesting new strategies for light harvesting and a step closer towards commercially-viable solar energy. Catalyst Support: Gold nanoparticles (5-10 nm) were successfully deposited onto the titania nanotube samples. Based on current literature, this was the first successful attempt at depositing gold nanoparticles into titania nanotubes. An EDX spectrum confirmed the identity of the gold nanoparticles. Compared to current catalytic converters, the gold/titania nanotube structure offered a larger catalytic surface area for reactants and the ability to function at low temperatures. Conclusion: By understanding the effects of various parameters on titania nanotube fabrication, the anodization process can be optimized to enable more precise control over array dimensions. High photocatalytic efficiency has also been achieved. In addition, doping is found to improve the photoresponse of titania nanotubes. Gold nanoparticles have been deposited, to our knowledge for the first time, onto the surface and inner walls of titania nanotubes.

我們根據物理學的彈性體振動模型發現:主動脈硬化程度可由測量主動脈相對於心臟運動的延遲時間分析得知。我們除了由樣品之超音波影像分析驗證此一觀念之外，還用一自製模型進行實驗，模擬血管厚度對延遲時間的影響，實驗結果與理論相吻合，證實了彈性體模型之可靠性。在診斷方面，此方法可用目前臨床使用的心臟超音波儀直接進行測量，使得它具有方便、普遍的優點;而且可由體外的胸前超音波掃描(TTE)進行觀測，具有非侵入性、免除受測者的不適及避免副作用，此外，能定量分析、早期診斷、鑑別度高也是此方法重要的優點。According to the elastic oscillation model of physics, we found that the aorta stiffness could be obtained by measuring the delay time of the aorta relative to the cardiac motion. The idea was confirmed by an analysis of the echocardiograph images of several samples. A home-made mechanical model was also employed to simulate the effect of cardiovascular thickness. The experimental results fitted the theory very well, verifying the feasibility of the elastic oscillation model. This measurement could be carried out with the conventional echocardiography instruments, making it convenient and common. Furthermore, the delay time could be measured with TaransThoracic Echo (TTE) instead of TransEsophadeal Echo (TEE). This non-invasion can avoid patients’ discomfort and side effect during medical process. The quantitative measurement also enables that the diagnostics can be progressed in advance.

The water-supporting system of community should use high efficiency pumps to\r support water and set up a unique water tower for each floor. Since there are high and\r low period of water-consuming and the variety of water pressure, we have to set up a\r unique water tower for higher floors firstly.\r It help us through high peak period of water-consuming, or it turns on pressure-aid\r pumps to save energy.\r 社區供水系統應採高效率之幫浦高壓供水,分樓層設置專用水塔,在用水有高峰\r 及離峰時段,水壓有高低變化,優先順序供水給較高樓層的專用水塔,樓層專用水\r 塔容量必須足以渡過用水高峰時段之容量,否則就啟動輔助加壓幫浦,達到節約能\r 源之目的。

The focus of this investigation is on how one might be able to reduce the number of accidents and the risk of accidents on our country’s roads by using more reflective products on or in the roads. The reflective products that were used in experimental processes for this investigation were: glass (both brown and clear in colour); oyster shells; reflective paint containing glass beads; glass beads on their own; armour plated glass and a road reflector. These reflective products were compared to a normal tar road and a concrete road

本研究參考智慧型3C產品之節能協定，將其應用於電源開關裝置上，此開關裝置將具備工作模式、待機模式及睡眠模式，利用此三種模式並結合即時輪詢的技術，發展出適合智慧型節能開關裝置的節能協定，達到全自動且節能的目標。此智慧型節能開關裝置主要包括固態開關電路、電流感測電路、RC濾波器電路以及控制電路，本研究針對上述幾種主要電路進行電路的研究及實作，並建立模擬的電路模型，根據此模型設計出完整的智慧型節能開關裝置，進行其節能效率及未來大量應用的可行性分析。經過實作證明，此種具備節能協定的智慧型節能開關的確能有效地省下家電待機耗電，與市面上不具備節能協定的開關相比，有更高的使用便利性。

This research primarily aims to observe how does the electric work, why does it work and the relationship between the surrounding circumstance and the repulsive torque. The electric whirl is made of an enameled wire bent into right angle with sharpened ends. When an AC high voltage is applied, the electric field intensity around the whirl ends is strong due to the small curvature radius of the ends. The molecules in air at both ends are ionized. This cause the phenomenon of point discharge. The positive and negative ions produced by alternating current forms AC ion wind, and produce a torque to make the whirl rotate. The object of this experiment is to observe the relationship between the surrounding circumstance and the torque repulsion. We design an apparatus to measure the angular velocity of the rotating whirl. We also calculated the kinetic energy of the whirl and the work done by the torque. The repulsive torque can be obtained by Work energy theorem. Result: (1)The angular velocity of the electric whirl is direct ratio to repulsive torque. When we want to find out the relationship between the manipulate reason and the repulsive torque, we can just compare the angular velocity with the manipulate reason. (2)The angular velocity of the electric whirl is only related to the peak voltage, and it does not make difference whether we apply AC high voltage and DC high voltage. (3)When the humidity is over 68%, the electric whirl cannot function normally. (4)Under the low-pressure circumstance, the electric whirl will rotate with glow discharge and the angular velocity will decrease to zero gradually.本實驗是探討電離轉輪的性質、原理與周圍環境的關係。「電離轉輪」為漆包線兩端折成直角並磨尖而成，接上交流高壓電源時，其尖端曲率半徑小，電場強度相對大，會游離尖端附近的空氣分子，產生尖端放電的現象，而交流電交替產生的正、負離子會形成交流離子風，並產生轉動力矩，使轉輪轉動。我們設計一個裝置，使其能偵測轉輪轉動的狀況，運用測得數據計算出轉動時的動能和作功狀況，套用功能定理便可求得轉輪通電時產生的斥力矩。實驗結果顯示(1)轉輪的角速度和尖端斥力矩成正相關，所以當我們想得知尖端斥力矩和實驗操縱變因的關係時，只要比較角速度和操縱變因就可以了，這簡化了原本繁複的計算和冗長的數據處理過程。(2)轉輪的角速度只和峰值電壓有關，和直流或交流沒有直接關係。(3)轉輪在超過溼度68%之後，就不會正常運作。(4)在低壓條件下，轉輪轉動時會伴隨淡紫色的輝光放電(glow discharge)現象，而抽氣塔中與轉輪尖端最接近的一點，也就是電場最強的一點，會和尖端同時產生光芒，相互輝映。