全國中小學科展

工程學

超音波自動跟車系統

在本研究中,希望能由與前車距離、相對速度等數據,設計符合自動跟車功能的系統。能與前車保持固定距離,並追蹤相對速度,在前車煞車或加速時,使後車即時反應。 分別使用軟體模擬及Arduino控制車輛,測試PID控制在各情況的可行性。前車行駛模式包含等速、等加速度等,測試後車的PID組合,以設計出最佳的直線跟車系統。在軟體模擬中,經過變換車道、圓型軌跡、轉向等環境測試,分析出P值在各個情境的作用,及其大小的優劣或限制。利用第二測距感測器,以前車的轉向幅度,控制後車兩輪速度差,使系統具備轉向跟隨的功能。

探討不同載劑對預鋰化過程與結果之影響

鋰離子電池前幾個迴圈中,庫倫效率低(CE < 100%),表示電池負極中殘留了一些不可逆反應後的產物(Li+),鋰離子電池的預鋰化可提高電池的庫倫效率,並降低不可逆產物的比例。本研究目的為探討預鋰化過程中加入的載劑種類對反應速率及活性鋰比例的影響,以找出最佳載劑供日後使用。文獻中提及具有苯環的載劑,其預鋰效果較佳,因此本研究比較biphenyl (聯苯)、naphthalene (萘)及benzophenone (二苯基甲酮)三種載劑對預鋰化過程與結果之影響。研究過程的部分,首先藉由實驗探討最佳測量活性鋰比例的方法,其次探討短時間內精準預鋰鋰離子電池陽極材料的方式,最後進行實驗比較不同載劑。實驗結果表示biphenyl (聯苯)的活性鋰比例最高且反應時間最短,naphthalene (萘)其次,benzophenone (二苯基甲酮)的預鋰效果最差,因此biphenyl (聯苯)為本研究中最佳的載劑。另外,透過實驗探討可得出將預鋰材料在氬氣環境中加水反應為最佳的活性鋰比例測量方式,且減少tetrahydrofuran(四氫呋喃)含水量及提高載劑濃度有助於短時間內精準預鋰。本研究未來可進一步探討鈍化與燒結對預鋰效果的影響,日後亦可應用於預鋰鋰離子電池的載劑選擇,進而運用在儲能市場及電動車產業。

無線你的無限--無線電力傳輸效能的改善

無線傳電是非常新穎的創舉,但卻沒有人用簡單且便宜的方法來改善傳輸效率不佳的問題。在主線圈加入軟鐵後,輸入和輸出的功率比從52%增加到70%,大大減少無線傳輸能量損耗,且若次線圈再加入諧振線圈,則功率比可從52%再增加到80%,這是一個重大發現。在主線圈加入軟鐵實際無線充電之效果是:充電到10mAh時間從9分32秒縮短到5分23秒,減少3分51秒,效率提升40%。在次線圈加入諧振電路對實際無線充電之效果是:大大提升次線圈原本輸出功率約3.8倍,且主線圈加入軟鐵後,充電時間又再縮短20%。由實驗最佳數據,本組設計了無電池風扇並結合3d列印及雷射切割技術,使研究結果商品化,只需插上電源就可以使用。

氧化鎢摻雜銅原子於人工光合作用之應用

光觸媒被視為極具潛力解決二氧化碳過度排放的方式。二氧化碳因線性且高鍵結強度(~532 kJ/mol)的結構,當催化劑吸附二氧化碳分子並提供電子時,可降低二氧化碳最低未占分子軌域能階位置,有助於其進行氧化還原反應,轉化成再生能源。 本研究使用三氧化鎢(WO3)並摻雜不同濃度的銅原子作為主要光觸媒,期望銅能扮演施體(donor),提供額外的電子,幫助二氧化碳光催化反應。我們藉由穿隧式電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察樣品結構,利用拉曼光譜儀、X光繞射分析儀器(XRD)、X光吸收光譜儀(XAS)確認摻雜形式; X射線光電子能譜儀(XPS)得知銅的實際摻雜濃度。以紫外光-可見光光譜儀(UV-Vis)測量吸收光譜,最後以氣相層析儀(GC)分析光催化結果。我們目前成功配置出摻雜五種不同濃度銅的氧化鎢,光催化結果可發現摻雜銅確實有助於二氧化碳的轉換。未來希望提高產物一致性,成為高效的再生能源,實際應用改善環境。

TEST & SAVE

Electricity has become an essential part of modern life, powering homes, businesses, and industries. However, the misuse of electricity or malfunctioning electrical systems can lead to hazardous situations such as electrical fires, shocks, and significant energy wastage. This project focuses on creating a Comprehensive Electrical Security System to protect users and properties from the risks associated with electricity. The system is designed to prevent electrical malfunctions, ensure safety in various scenarios, and monitor energy consumption effectively. It integrates a variety of sensors and safety mechanisms to detect dangers and take preemptive action

THIRD-LIFE: Real Life Accident Alerting, Live Locations and Notifications to Emergency Service

The country of Nepal, although beautiful, is facing many challenges due to its geography, lying between the towering Himalayas and the vast plains of Terai. The narrow mountain roads, prone to landslides and poor infrastructure, often result in frequent accidents. This situation is worsened by the delayed emergency response, as accidents are often reported much later than the time they occur. In the past ten years, over 15 major bus accidents have killed hundreds of people, and in 2024 alone, more than 80 deaths were reported. In response, the "Third Life" project was developed to improve emergency response time and save lives.The project has two main components: first, a device equipped with GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), a GPS module (Global Positioning System), a gyroscopic sensor, and a microcontroller to detect accidents in real-time within seconds of the incident. Second, once an accident is detected, live coordinates are sent directly to emergency services and police stations for immediate assistance.This project is not only vital for Nepal but also for countries with similar terrain and infrastructure challenges. The "Third Life" project aims to save many lives that are lost due to delayed reporting, ensuring quicker emergency responses.A tragic example of this was the 2024 Trishuli bus accident, where many lives were lost when the bus plunged into the river. To date, the bus has not been recovered. Our project aims to create a waterproof device that, when connected to a satellite, will send live coordinates to emergency services, ensuring 100% reliability. This device could help locate the bus, which is still missing, within seconds.Ultimately, this initiative offers more than just safety it restores peace of mind and hope for the families of victims, providing them with a chance for a better future despite the tragedy.

Safe CrossWalk (SCW)

Safe CrossWalk (SCW) is an innovative solution designed to enhance pedestrian safety at crosswalks, addressing the alarming issue of 270,000 pedestrian fatalities worldwide each year. By integrating advanced sensors, artificial intelligence, and real-time communication, SCW creates safer and more efficient urban environments. The system comprises three key components: SCW Strisce, a smart crosswalk device that detects pedestrian movement; SCW Car, a vehicle-integrated system that alerts drivers; and SCW AI, which processes data to optimize traffic flow and safety measures. SCW offers a proactive approach to reducing accidents through detection, alerts, and data-driven optimization. The solution not only improves safety but also supports urban planning by providing valuable insights into pedestrian and vehicle behavior. SCW aligns with the growing demand for AI-driven technologies in Smart Cities, presenting a scalable and cost-effective model for implementation. By fostering collaboration with municipalities and insurance companies, Safe CrossWalk aims to transform urban mobility, saving lives and creating smarter, safer cities.

深度學習預測仿生複合材料的斷裂行為

本實驗主要透過程式模擬及數據分析,探討受力材料之裂紋走向。透過模擬,我們找出會影響裂紋發展的因素,如原斷裂紋的長寬比。於不同的的材料會影響裂紋走向,我們將材料設置為單一材料與兩種材料組成的複合材料進行探討,並將結果進行分類。此實驗有助不我們去理解同的初始裂紋對不材料後續的裂紋關係,目前也正在嘗試利用cGan系統預測複合材料與裂紋的關係,希望能預測出準確的結果。

PiezoPioggia: Energy Harvesting with Raindrops

MAGALH˜AES, Eduardo De Mˆonaco. PiezoPioggia: Energy Harvesting with Raindrops. 2024. 24 p. Research report – Scientific Apprentice Program, Col´egio Dante Alighieri, S˜ao Paulo, 2024. This project wishes to study and analyze the possibility of generating clean and accessible energy with the plain impact of droplets in the ground. Therefore, it was necessary to use piezoelectric devices in order to convert the kinetic energy of each droplet into electric energy throughout piezoelectric energy harvesting processes, (PEH). Piezoelectricity is a method of clean and sustainable energy generation, developed and explored by several scientists worldwide. Thus, while studying the proprieties of those devices, the project evaluates the present situation of electricity harvesting in Brazil, the benefits of piezoelectric technology and the possibilities it presents to economy and society. Throughout the development the project builds itself upon mathematical equations and experimental results, analyzing the deformation and generated tensions of piezos. Brand new data on the behavior of rain, as well as about the potential it presents for PEH are highlighted throughout the research, reinforcing the value of such process as a sustainable energy generation method alongside with its investment potential, both from governmental and private institutions. The project also deeply characterizes the piezoelectric device studied, diving deeply in its characteristics and evaluating the deformation of the device and treating the data sets with statistical analysis methods, in order to improve the precision of the data presented. All in all, the opportunities of piezoelectric energy harvesting in the rain, nella pioggia, shall be discussed profoundly throughout the project.

以智慧型高親水薄膜提升汗液感測靈敏度 Enhancing Sweat Sensing Sensitivity with SmartHydrophilic Thin Films

本研究主要是以晶片和織布進行結合,以電極收集訊號分析受測者的鈉濃度和汗液流量,研發長期保持潤濕和擁有穩定性的高親水性薄膜Polyacrylic acid / Cellulose nanocrystals(PAA / CNC)感測器。製備不同濃度比例的PAA / CNC光固化水凝膠,進行接觸角、FTIR圖譜、溶脹比 (Swelling Ratio)、SEM、EIS 潤濕面積分析並比較選擇出PAA /10 CNC的濃度比例作為最佳的汗液感測電極。利用CNC與PET片間貼合度強化結果,能有效提升薄膜親水性,降低電極與織布中的親疏水性差異,加強電極感測靈敏度,相較於對照組,電容值結果顯示約提升5~10倍的靈敏度。本研究開發一個靈敏且穩定即時監測汗液的薄膜,並結合藍芽應用於智慧裝置。