全國中小學科展

工程學

行動工具鼠

滑鼠的問世是電腦史上的重大發展,其關鍵設計是以編解碼技術與影像辨識技術,來判斷滑鼠的移動與方向。本作品「行動工具鼠」的最初設計構想是利用滑鼠滾輪滾動的編碼機構與技術,應用圓周運動相對於距離移動的概念,再將滑鼠滾輪的圓周長,乘以滑鼠滾輪轉動圈數,即可得知滾動的距離;若再以單位時間,除以當下所移動的距離,即可得知即時的移動速度。作品更新版,第二代的設計策略,是利用滑鼠內光學鏡頭IC,以非接觸的方式來偵測滑鼠移動的距離。目前最新的設計,是以無線滑鼠,接上手持式行動裝置,搭配自行設計的APP程式,以相對滑鼠移動的概念,來偵測滑鼠的移動方向,以及滑鼠移動軌跡的座標變化量,即可得知滑鼠實際的移動的距離。以此設計與應用,可以完全取代市售測距輪的所有功能,成為日常生活中便利且實用的好工具。

Robotic Search and Rescue

I built a robot that is able to improve safety in mines. The robot takes a series of sensor readings, do 3D mapping to compare deteriorating physical conditions in time, detect CO and CH4 levels and record video footage. All of this information is then sent back to the user. The project aims to build a robot that could decrease the amount of casualties in mines due to gas or instability. A strict engineering process, which comprised researching different features on a robot, was followed. A prototype robot was built, tested and improvements made. Some of the challenges faced, while building the prototype robot, included manoeuvrability over any type of terrain, even rough and rocky terrain. Choosing the correct driving mechanism (wheels, tracks, suspension and steering) also proved to be a very important feature that had to be kept in mind. The sensors used included, a temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide gas, as well as a methane gas sensor. A Gyro, Accelerometer and compass for easier navigation were also used. Two cameras which included a front camera for navigation and 3D mapping as well as a back camera for navigation were installed. The robot was tested over various terrains, it was able to retrieve sensor data and all of the engineering goals were reached. After the robot was built it was tested on various terrains. The robot achieved all of the engineering goals. The sensors was able to give readings, the robot 3D mapped an area and was also able to manoeuvre over rough terrain.

蟬翼翅脈結構分析與振翅試驗

以不銹鋼、鋁、壓克力暨熱熔膠膜仿製高砂熊蟬之翅脈結構,於完成覆膜後,作為實驗之五種仿翅測體。另設計製作兩種不同控制功能之四連桿振翅機構,再搭配其他觀測儀器、設備與簡易器材,依振翅幅度、振翅頻率、攻角及風速等影響飛行的變因控制組合成72個實驗模組。每種仿翅測體的72個模組各執行4次每次10秒鐘之振翅實驗,觀測與計算出各組測體之翼緣撓度、升力、推距與翅面壓力等合計1440個模組數據並配合相關理論公式加以比較分析、論證。另外,針對蟬翼翅室〈脈〉的結構形抗加以分析,並設計四款不同之翅室〈脈〉結構組合型態,分析比較其應力與應變關係,找出最佳的肋膜結構組合,以作為人類生活與科技運用器材結構設計與運用之參考,例如降落傘、風帆船、薄膜建築結構、微機電系統〈MEMS〉、太陽能光電建築〈BIPV〉與人工飛行振翅翼等。

流體動能應用系統-Stanley Generator製作及模組化應用

我們對於所發明的SG (StanleyGenerator同軸發電機)是應用法拉第電磁感應定律ε=NBAωsinωt,打破轉子不動的常規,以定子與轉子同時反向旋轉以提高角速度,即提高單位時間磁場變化量,進而創造了StanleyGenerator同軸發電機發電裝置,以超過傳統1.96倍(平均值)發電量,達到大幅提高發電的效率。同時設計了各種SG應用模組,包括一級應用的三層流體動能擷取系統,二級應用的雙軸單增速系統,三級應用的雙增速HV系統。都能發出比一般發電機高的電量(1.48~1.96倍),也比一般發電機更快(較低流速)達到發電機最大(額定)發電量。

伍拾元語音辨識系統

探討在低成本下,完成非特定人中文語音辨識的可行性,作品的特色如下: 1. 語音辨識系統:8K ROM、2.5K RAM、辨識率 80%、成本 50 元以下 2. 音節簡化:發音去掉聲音調後,再將同類聲音進行整併,整理出133 個音節→資料量是繁體13060 字數的 1 / 100 3. 資料庫化簡:使用整數的指數取代符點運算→資料量為傳統的語音特徵的 1 / 20 4. 語音辨識演算法:使用梅爾倒頻譜係數、隱藏馬可夫模型 5. 處理器:使用16位元的整數運算,可在低價的處理器上執行 6. 訓練用的語音:向中華民國計算語言學學會(MAT)購買純語音的資料庫

粒粒皆吸附 - 便攜式節能PM2.5淨化器之研究

本次研究中,我使用Arduino 單晶片微控制板自製了細懸浮微粒偵測器,用來測量PM2.5的穿透率,以達量化懸浮微粒的效果,實驗中發現,使用摩擦起電的方式因為電場太小無法有效吸附懸浮微粒,接著使用平行電網,發現吸附能力與電壓與總表面積有關,因而改採電纖維通以高壓電的方式進行濾淨,其吸附率約達52%。在整個實驗中我使用Arduino單晶片微控制板控制數據的擷取、分析,與節電系統的調控,做出了一個兼具輕便、低成本、與節電環保的懸浮微粒清淨器。

自行車離心自動變速器

本研究將離心力的概念導入變速機構中,設計—機械式自行車自動變速器,以達成自動變速的目的。在自行車變速系統中加上配重、凸輪和槓桿組合成一離心機構。從初步的機構模型實驗後得知,車輪轉速變快,配重承受到的離心力越大,配重的位置改變去推動凸輪帶動變速器作動,將鏈條推向小齒輪方向,變速到較高的檔位,踏板變重,避免發生速度過快而踩空的情況,反之當車輪轉速變慢,配重因承受離心力降低而被推回靠近軸心的位置,凸輪跟著被推回,變速器將鏈條拉向大齒輪,進而變速到較低的檔位,達到離心力驅動變速的效果。道路騎乘實驗中可知,裝有離心自動變速機構的自行車,在上坡時能依據踏板速度降低檔位,讓騎乘者可輕鬆完成上坡工作;下坡時則會變速到較高檔位,避免發生踩空情況;平地加速時,檔位也會處於較重檔位,達到準確變速輕鬆騎乘的目的。

應用仿生機器人於蜂鳥起飛行為之研究

本研究利用仿生機器人(Biomorphic robotics)來探討蜂鳥(hummingbird)在不同重量變化下的飛行機制。本實驗利用了使用多連桿結構組成的仿生蜂鳥機器人,並使用懸吊裝置來模擬不同重量的蜂鳥,再藉由慢動作高速攝影機來紀錄蜂鳥振翅飛行的過程。透過影像分析與紀錄重量變化來分析仿生蜂鳥拍翅時的動態行為後,我們可以得到與仿生蜂鳥重量相對應的上升力結果與不同蜂鳥重量下相對應的拍翅頻率數據。我們從這些關係分析作圖並推導出對應的公式,這些結果可以解釋為何大部分蜂鳥重量都介於10 - 20克以及拍翅頻率介於20-50Hz,目前尚未有文獻發現及探討這些相關現象的研究,此研究的結果可作為未來微型撲翼機(ornithopter) 的設計參考,有助於微型軍用探測機械與小型空中救援機械的發展。

真的是23.5度嗎?-以天文及氣象資料探討固定型太陽能板最佳架設傾斜角

太陽能板一架設完成就要發電20年,若架設角度不正確,會嚴重影響長達20年整體發電量。那太陽能板最佳架設角度為何?又如何確保施工時能正確架設該最佳角度?為解決上述問題,本科展作品,藉由理論計算、電腦模擬實驗與實際系統量測交互比較驗證,依據太陽運行軌跡與氣候資料,逐步探討出固定型太陽能板最佳架設角度。我們依序進行9個實驗,成功驗證一套能依據太陽能板所在緯度與方位角來決定出固定型太陽能板最佳架設傾斜角的方法。更進一步使用數值方法以曲線揉合(curve fitting)法來得出公式,使其不需大量運算即可算出固定型太陽能板最佳架設傾斜角。最後,本科展作品使用BrainGo控制板、直線雷射、GPS、電子羅盤與陀螺儀,成功研製一固定型太陽能板架設角度標示儀,能有效幫助業者與DIY者輕易架設正確固定型太陽能板架設最佳角度,有效確保20年的太陽能系統發電效率。

Development of a rotor blade with optimized aerodynamics to propel a quadcopter

Sustainable mobility concepts are playing an increasingly important part in today's social developments. As a promising mode of future transportation, quadcopters play a special role, and their further development and optimization is being advanced along many disciplines. Even in my hometown of Zurich this trend has not passed by without leaving its marks. Since 2019, the Swiss National Postal Service has been testing autonomous means of transport together with the Zurich University Hospital as part of a pilot project. However, quadcopters are not exclusively used for transportation purposes. Geologists use them for landscape modeling and the insurance industry utilizes them for damage assessment. Quadcopters have also become an integral part of photography and agriculture, where they are used for pest control, for example [2]. I first became intensively involved with quadcopters in 2017, when I received a hobby model for my birthday in the form of the Mavic Pro from the Chinese company Da-Jiang Innovations Science and Technology Co., Ltd (DJI). In October of the same year, I completed an internship in the biofluid mechanics department of the Institute for ImplantTechnology and Biomaterials e.V., where I studied the aerodynamics of airfoils. With my Mavic Pro in my backpack, I had the idea to develop and prototype my own functional rotor for my quadcopter as part of my upcoming Swiss Matura thesis paper. The rotor would be considered functional if it generates enough lift to keep the quadcopter hovering. The focus of this project was the investigation of aerodynamic properties. The influence of other factors, such as the material used, was not the primary focus of the work and therefore not investigated in detail.