本研究利用仿生機器人(Biomorphic robotics)來探討蜂鳥(hummingbird)在不同重量變化下的飛行機制。本實驗利用了使用多連桿結構組成的仿生蜂鳥機器人，並使用懸吊裝置來模擬不同重量的蜂鳥，再藉由慢動作高速攝影機來紀錄蜂鳥振翅飛行的過程。透過影像分析與紀錄重量變化來分析仿生蜂鳥拍翅時的動態行為後，我們可以得到與仿生蜂鳥重量相對應的上升力結果與不同蜂鳥重量下相對應的拍翅頻率數據。我們從這些關係分析作圖並推導出對應的公式，這些結果可以解釋為何大部分蜂鳥重量都介於10 - 20克以及拍翅頻率介於20-50Hz，目前尚未有文獻發現及探討這些相關現象的研究，此研究的結果可作為未來微型撲翼機(ornithopter) 的設計參考，有助於微型軍用探測機械與小型空中救援機械的發展。

Sustainable mobility concepts are playing an increasingly important part in today's social developments. As a promising mode of future transportation, quadcopters play a special role, and their further development and optimization is being advanced along many disciplines. Even in my hometown of Zurich this trend has not passed by without leaving its marks. Since 2019, the Swiss National Postal Service has been testing autonomous means of transport together with the Zurich University Hospital as part of a pilot project. However, quadcopters are not exclusively used for transportation purposes. Geologists use them for landscape modeling and the insurance industry utilizes them for damage assessment. Quadcopters have also become an integral part of photography and agriculture, where they are used for pest control, for example [2]. I first became intensively involved with quadcopters in 2017, when I received a hobby model for my birthday in the form of the Mavic Pro from the Chinese company Da-Jiang Innovations Science and Technology Co., Ltd (DJI). In October of the same year, I completed an internship in the biofluid mechanics department of the Institute for ImplantTechnology and Biomaterials e.V., where I studied the aerodynamics of airfoils. With my Mavic Pro in my backpack, I had the idea to develop and prototype my own functional rotor for my quadcopter as part of my upcoming Swiss Matura thesis paper. The rotor would be considered functional if it generates enough lift to keep the quadcopter hovering. The focus of this project was the investigation of aerodynamic properties. The influence of other factors, such as the material used, was not the primary focus of the work and therefore not investigated in detail.

太陽能板一架設完成就要發電20年，若架設角度不正確，會嚴重影響長達20年整體發電量。那太陽能板最佳架設角度為何?又如何確保施工時能正確架設該最佳角度?為解決上述問題，本科展作品，藉由理論計算、電腦模擬實驗與實際系統量測交互比較驗證，依據太陽運行軌跡與氣候資料，逐步探討出固定型太陽能板最佳架設角度。我們依序進行9個實驗，成功驗證一套能依據太陽能板所在緯度與方位角來決定出固定型太陽能板最佳架設傾斜角的方法。更進一步使用數值方法以曲線揉合(curve fitting)法來得出公式，使其不需大量運算即可算出固定型太陽能板最佳架設傾斜角。最後，本科展作品使用BrainGo控制板、直線雷射、GPS、電子羅盤與陀螺儀，成功研製一固定型太陽能板架設角度標示儀，能有效幫助業者與DIY者輕易架設正確固定型太陽能板架設最佳角度，有效確保20年的太陽能系統發電效率。

This report includes the design and prototyping of a portable automatic bag-valve mask (BVM), or commonly known as the Ambu bag. This development is for use in emergency transport, resource-poor environments, and mass casualty cases like the COVID-19 pandemic. This device replaces the need for human operators whose job is to squeeze the BVMs for extended periods of time. The prototype is made from a stainless-steel skeleton, measuring 470 x 240 x 230 mm, with the addition of acrylic coverings. A repurposed motor from a car is used to drive the squeezing arm. The speed of the arm for inspiration and expiration along with the pausing time between each breath can be adjusted with this prototype. It also features an LCD screen to display the arm speed, along with real-time pressure graph displayed on both phones and computer monitors. For future versions, an app is to be developed to enable the control of the automatic bag-valve mask from phones and tablets, further creating ease for users and increasing portability. Additionally, important requirements will be added: alarm system for over pressurization, control for inspiration to expiration ratio, number of breaths per minute, control for tidal volume, pressure relief valve, and assist-control mode. The cost of this prototype is approximately $430. With this design of an automatic BVM, it allows for the production of a ventilator-like technology that will be able to perform main functions of basic ventilators at a fraction of the current cost.

在本實驗中，以穩流增壓陽極處理法生長二氧化鈦奈米管，找出最佳生長奈米管之電壓與電流，經退火形成的銳鈦礦相能有效進行降解。本方法最佳生長二氧化鈦奈米管參數及降解亞甲基藍之條件為：氟化銨0.6 wt%、水量2 mL和兩小時的陽極處理反應時間。結果顯示，此參數下降解亞甲基藍在60 min內已超過50% ，甚至在90 min 可達近100% ，降解的效果極佳，而實驗中的鈦片只有20 x 20 mm2大小，未來發展空間相當大。最後以奈米銀處理後在可見光下有良好的降解效果。本研究三大優點：(1)製作奈米管以穩流增壓陽極處理法能得到較佳的二氧化鈦奈米管，並能有效進行降解。(2)不需複雜的試劑或過程，符合綠色環保。(3)可進行表面光敏劑(奈米銀)的塗覆，在紫外線及可見光下均有更佳的降解效果。(4)屬於固態表面催化，操作簡單易回收且重覆使用性高。

本作品首先證明了HiLo應用在散射光影像的可行性。目前看到有關HiLo的論文都只有提及收集螢光訊號，沒有看到有用在散射光訊號的收集上。本實驗透過架設自製原型機，證明HiLo的原理也能夠應用在散射光上，大幅提升HiLo光切片的深度與廣度。再者，本作品將自行撰寫之App結合雲端運算。再經過驗證後確認處理出來的影像是正確的影像。不僅加速影像處理流程，而且使用者只需攜帶手機便可立即看到處理出來的成果。接著，利用3D列表機自製具有光切片功能的手機顯微鏡實體。將原型機微小化並與日常生活常見的手機結合，讓使用者方便使用的同時也實現經濟便利性。最後，實現影像立體化，利用光切片的影像能使得原本平面的2D影像，可以呈現3D的立體化影像。

In today's world, medicine is very advanced, thanks to which many diseases that were previously considered incurable, are now treated almost all over the world. But, unfortunately, some diseases are still incurable and can only facilitate their course. One such disease is Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's syndrome. Statistics show that worldwide the percentage of patients with this disease is 3-4%. Raynaud's disease is a paroxysmal spasm of the arteries of the fingers of the hand, rarely the feet when cooling the extremities. As mentioned earlier, this disease is incurable. That is why the creation of a device that can help people overcome many inconveniences due to the inability to stay in the cold without gloves or the problem of discomfort in heated gloves is relevant. And one of the solutions to this problem is to create special heated gloves. This work is also relevant, because even existing treatments, such as medication and conservative, do not completely solve the problem of reducing the sensitivity of the hands when cooled or even the slightest moisture on the palms. Also, these methods are very expensive, so our device will be cheaper and more affordable than existing ones. When using our gloves together with the two already mentioned methods, the treatment will be more effective. Unfortunately, medical and conservative treatments will lead to complications over time, so we not only maintain sensitivity in the hands, but also prevent further amputation of the upper extremities and the emergence of human health problems associated with the effects of drugs on the whole body. Nowadays, people work hard to be able to live well, but it is difficult for people with Raynaud's phenomenon to do so, as the sensitivity of the upper extremities decreases during the exacerbation of the disease. It is important for us to maintain the sensitivity of the hands by normalizing the thermal balance of the hands, which leads to the elimination of spasms of the atria of the hand. The aim of the work is to create a simple and effective means to normalize and maintain the thermal balance of the upper extremities, in order to reduce the loss of sensitivity of the hands in patients, as well as reduce the likelihood of spasms of the arteries of the fingers. The subject of the study is the course of Raynaud's disease and the current treatments for it. The aim of the study is the creation of special gloves that can stop spasms of arteries and maintain blood flow in them by balancing the heat balance in the hand, and depriving patients of the disease during their wearing During the work the following tasks were set: - to theoretically investigate the peculiarities of Raynaud's disease; - to analyze the existing clothes on the market with heating; - to develop and improve its own design of heated gloves, which will be affordable and easy to use. - calculate the cost of gloves taking into account all factors

This underwater remote operating vehicle (ROV) is designed with and without tethered operation. The operator can control the ROV from the real time first-person view in graphical user interface combined with sonar and object detection function when the tether is attached to perform search and rescue. The control tether with fiber optic lighting cable establishes a guided link medium between the possible search victim location and the rescue team. When the tether is detached, rapid deployment by a predefined set of instruction to achieve further operation range. The intelligent technologies of signal processing were used for object recognition, collision detection and sonar scanning data to enhance underwater operation. Autonomous driving is based on software development with limited capability to run in unrestricted open areas. We have achieved the design intent and confirmed the performance data in the laboratory boundary conditions.

Unaffordable healthcare and excessive plastic waste are both alarming issues that are plaguing modern society. Recent studies conducted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) report that about 15% of the world's population suffer from a form of disability, of which 50% of the demographic cannot afford adequate health care. Furthermore, 8 million metric tons of plastic annually enter our oceans (apart from the 150 metric tons that currently circulate our oceans!). In conjunction to the global plastic pollution crisis, unnecessary invasive surgery is currently being done on amputees. Many of these desperate patients are forced to pay exorbitant prices in order to live a normal life with bionic prosthetics. The solution… Project Limbs - an EEG, 3D printed prosthetic printed from recycled plastic. Signal processors will be implemented to build an affordable and easy-to-use ‘mind controlled prosthetic hand’, that requires no invasive surgery.

A traditional helicopter requires 60 - 80% more power to hover than when in forward or lateral flight, making the manoeuvre extremely power inefficient. To maximise efficiency, industrially many properties of the helicopter and rotor have been changed and tested, for example: optimising blade shape, fuselage shape and changing weights of different helicopter components. This report in particular aims to find a relationship between power efficiency and angular velocity for a twin bladed hovering helicopter with a single rotor. The angular velocity of a blade measures the frequency of its revolution about a fixed point. A theoretical approach was first taken and then justified with empirical data. Firstly, a model for power efficiency was derived with William Froude’s momentum and blade element theory. The efficiency equations incorporated the thrust and power coefficients. Therefore, the research focused on determining values for these coefficients by manipulating equations, using industrial specifications and simulations from the XFOIL software. In order to validate the accuracy for such theoretically generated data, an experiment was conducted for a comparison. The theoretical and empirical data were concurrent, as they followed a similar trend and the empirical values overlapped within the theoretical error bars. The power efficiency for different angular velocities were then found by substituting values for the coefficients. The results demonstrated a positive relationship; where, as angular velocity increases, power efficiency increases too, then plateaus and repeats the same trend once again. The research raises many questions and could be extended by determining if a similar relationship exists for tri-copters and quadcopters.