全國中小學科展

工程學

Development of a rotor blade with optimized aerodynamics to propel a quadcopter

Sustainable mobility concepts are playing an increasingly important part in today's social developments. As a promising mode of future transportation, quadcopters play a special role, and their further development and optimization is being advanced along many disciplines. Even in my hometown of Zurich this trend has not passed by without leaving its marks. Since 2019, the Swiss National Postal Service has been testing autonomous means of transport together with the Zurich University Hospital as part of a pilot project. However, quadcopters are not exclusively used for transportation purposes. Geologists use them for landscape modeling and the insurance industry utilizes them for damage assessment. Quadcopters have also become an integral part of photography and agriculture, where they are used for pest control, for example [2]. I first became intensively involved with quadcopters in 2017, when I received a hobby model for my birthday in the form of the Mavic Pro from the Chinese company Da-Jiang Innovations Science and Technology Co., Ltd (DJI). In October of the same year, I completed an internship in the biofluid mechanics department of the Institute for ImplantTechnology and Biomaterials e.V., where I studied the aerodynamics of airfoils. With my Mavic Pro in my backpack, I had the idea to develop and prototype my own functional rotor for my quadcopter as part of my upcoming Swiss Matura thesis paper. The rotor would be considered functional if it generates enough lift to keep the quadcopter hovering. The focus of this project was the investigation of aerodynamic properties. The influence of other factors, such as the material used, was not the primary focus of the work and therefore not investigated in detail.

Using EEG Neuro-Feedback technology to control a prosthetic hand

Unaffordable healthcare and excessive plastic waste are both alarming issues that are plaguing modern society. Recent studies conducted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) report that about 15% of the world's population suffer from a form of disability, of which 50% of the demographic cannot afford adequate health care. Furthermore, 8 million metric tons of plastic annually enter our oceans (apart from the 150 metric tons that currently circulate our oceans!). In conjunction to the global plastic pollution crisis, unnecessary invasive surgery is currently being done on amputees. Many of these desperate patients are forced to pay exorbitant prices in order to live a normal life with bionic prosthetics. The solution… Project Limbs - an EEG, 3D printed prosthetic printed from recycled plastic. Signal processors will be implemented to build an affordable and easy-to-use ‘mind controlled prosthetic hand’, that requires no invasive surgery.

結合物體辨識於室內自主定位探勘系統

本研究透過ROS(機器人運作系統)實作一個結合自由探勘、SLAM(同步定位及地圖構建)及物體辨識之機器人系統。利用ROS機體與程式軟體分離的優點,本研究開發出的系統並不僅侷限於在一種機體上使用,對於任何能安裝ROS或與ROS連結之機體都能使用,供各式各樣的服務做為一系統性的路徑規劃器及運動基座。除了導航功能外,機器人透過攝影機得以判斷自己現在身處的環境而並非單純繪製地圖,且能讓人更容易地對機器人下達指令;更因其特化的避障機制,本研究的系統很適合在日常辦公室工作環境中做為助手。以實際環境及模擬器探討此系統擅長及較不適用的環境,呈現目前機器人系統的運作能力。

AUTONOMIC HEATING GLOVES

In today's world, medicine is very advanced, thanks to which many diseases that were previously considered incurable, are now treated almost all over the world. But, unfortunately, some diseases are still incurable and can only facilitate their course. One such disease is Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's syndrome. Statistics show that worldwide the percentage of patients with this disease is 3-4%. Raynaud's disease is a paroxysmal spasm of the arteries of the fingers of the hand, rarely the feet when cooling the extremities. As mentioned earlier, this disease is incurable. That is why the creation of a device that can help people overcome many inconveniences due to the inability to stay in the cold without gloves or the problem of discomfort in heated gloves is relevant. And one of the solutions to this problem is to create special heated gloves. This work is also relevant, because even existing treatments, such as medication and conservative, do not completely solve the problem of reducing the sensitivity of the hands when cooled or even the slightest moisture on the palms. Also, these methods are very expensive, so our device will be cheaper and more affordable than existing ones. When using our gloves together with the two already mentioned methods, the treatment will be more effective. Unfortunately, medical and conservative treatments will lead to complications over time, so we not only maintain sensitivity in the hands, but also prevent further amputation of the upper extremities and the emergence of human health problems associated with the effects of drugs on the whole body. Nowadays, people work hard to be able to live well, but it is difficult for people with Raynaud's phenomenon to do so, as the sensitivity of the upper extremities decreases during the exacerbation of the disease. It is important for us to maintain the sensitivity of the hands by normalizing the thermal balance of the hands, which leads to the elimination of spasms of the atria of the hand. The aim of the work is to create a simple and effective means to normalize and maintain the thermal balance of the upper extremities, in order to reduce the loss of sensitivity of the hands in patients, as well as reduce the likelihood of spasms of the arteries of the fingers. The subject of the study is the course of Raynaud's disease and the current treatments for it. The aim of the study is the creation of special gloves that can stop spasms of arteries and maintain blood flow in them by balancing the heat balance in the hand, and depriving patients of the disease during their wearing During the work the following tasks were set: - to theoretically investigate the peculiarities of Raynaud's disease; - to analyze the existing clothes on the market with heating; - to develop and improve its own design of heated gloves, which will be affordable and easy to use. - calculate the cost of gloves taking into account all factors

HYBRID COMPOSITE FROM X-RAY WASTE

This study considered the tensile and flexural characterization of new lighter and cheaper hybrid composite materials to replace the existing insert panel for the currently available bulletproof vest. The materials chosen included a natural fibre, i.e., kenaf fibre, chemically treated with sodium hydroxide solution, and, as a means of recycling, used x-ray films with a surface treatment. Using the traditional hand lay-up method, the materials were fabricated into seven layers of different configurations, which were then subjected to tensile and flexural tests. The findings showed that one of the configurations that consisted of both treated materials had a tensile strength of 396.9M Pa, which is quite strong, and a flexural modulus of 6.24G Pa, which makes it flexible enough to be made into wearable equipment. This configuration was then chosen to be the base design for the specimen subjected to impact test. The interfacial bond between the two distinct materials proved to be a major issue, even with the help of fibre treatment. Therefore, some improvements need to be made for the material to be comparable to existing materials performance-wise hence making this configuration suitable for ballistic application.

Designing Multifunctional Intelligent Autonomous Underwater Remote Operating Vehicle to perform “Search and Rescue” in the event of extreme weather flooding condition

This underwater remote operating vehicle (ROV) is designed with and without tethered operation. The operator can control the ROV from the real time first-person view in graphical user interface combined with sonar and object detection function when the tether is attached to perform search and rescue. The control tether with fiber optic lighting cable establishes a guided link medium between the possible search victim location and the rescue team. When the tether is detached, rapid deployment by a predefined set of instruction to achieve further operation range. The intelligent technologies of signal processing were used for object recognition, collision detection and sonar scanning data to enhance underwater operation. Autonomous driving is based on software development with limited capability to run in unrestricted open areas. We have achieved the design intent and confirmed the performance data in the laboratory boundary conditions.

探討造孔劑粒徑與添加量對天然水膠軟骨支架之孔洞型態影響

軟骨修復目前仍是臨床治療上的挑戰,組織工程扮演著可行性的解決方案。軟骨修復中,軟骨支架是關鍵的要素。本研究使用天然高分子水膠透過溶劑鑄造鹽洗法製備軟骨支架,去探討造孔劑粒徑大小(大粒徑:170;小粒徑:250)與添加量(低量:2克;高量4克)是否會影響製成軟骨支架的物化性質,以及會影響前驅骨母細胞分化的能力。透過觀察所製成的四種軟骨支架顯微結構,分別測試其吸水量、降解性、抗壓強度與交聯度,並測試其生物相容性與促進前驅骨母細胞增生及分化之能力。結果發現,造孔劑粒徑大且高添加量的軟骨支架 (170-4組別),雖抗壓強度僅 0.0177 MPa,每克支架吸水量達 14.72 mL ,浸泡於試劑 30 天後,支架不會明顯降解,且不具細胞毒性,促進前驅骨母細胞增生與分化的能力最佳,因此可作為適用於軟骨缺損修復之組織工程支架,提高軟骨修復之成效。

The effects of a water tower with dual-damping energy dissipation system on shock absorption

921地震震波對高11-15層大樓產生重大危害。本研究以模型模擬11層大樓建築物,頂樓設置水塔配合陽台天花板設置水撲滿的雙阻尼消能系統設計,探討不同震度震波在雙阻尼系統減震成效。模擬之設備利用3D列印機自製水撲滿、不同形式網狀隔間液體阻尼零件,自製地震模擬器以電流調整器控制怠速馬達,進行模擬不同震度下高樓產生擺動與震盪之狀態與特性。 實驗發現單一阻尼消能元件的減震阻尼效能較差,雙阻尼消能系統可提升39%至58%減震阻尼效能。其中雙阻尼消能系統若有網狀隔間,水波擾動震盪越明顯,阻尼效能提升 6%至14%。11層大樓於頂樓設置平行器壁網狀隔間正方形水塔,並配合在第9至11層樓處,設置隔間距離較短網狀隔間水撲滿,二者水位設定六分滿,此液體雙阻尼減震消能系統,可抑制模擬震度5至7級震波對大樓產生的順向波動共振與大樓結構體的自主扭轉共振。

多模式步態復健視覺提示系統與其提示參數自動最佳化

臺灣已進入高齡社會,步態復健對於亞健康及慢性病族群極為重要,以帕金森氏症患者為例,他們常行走困難且容易跌倒。提升跨步品質的視覺提示是非常有效的協助方式,但臨床多仰賴治療師在地上貼膠帶或擺物件,調整不易且只受限於特定場所,因此居家自行照顧困難。先前已有研究開發出輕便可攜的裝置,能調整視覺提示,但每位使用者對不同提示模式的反應不一。本研究提出創新方法解決治療師手動調整的問題。以低成本周邊所建置的系統已能即時無線的變換不同提示模式、調控其參數,和自動計算各步態參數。其使用MG90s伺服機調整投射角度、霍爾式旋轉角度計裝在輪子上測量位移、Wi-Fi無線接收及操控參數。已經完成自動化探索使用者能力,並作最佳化的視覺提示設定。讓使用者不必出門,居家使用時,皆有最佳的視覺提示設定,得以更短的時程達到更好的復健效果。

鈦合金骨釘植入位置與脊椎椎體受力之分析比較

臨床手術中常有骨釘植入位置偏差之情形,且目前並無研究針對骨釘植入位置對椎體力學反應之探討,故本研究使用CAD軟體Solidworks建立11個不同骨釘植入位置的人體第三節腰椎模型,利用有限元素分析軟體ANSYS進行力學模擬分析,計算不同骨釘植入位置於不同負載條件以及有無骨整合情況下,腰椎椎體的應力情形與整體結構之穩定度。研究結果顯示,在不考慮傷及神經或是骨釘穿出骨頭的情況下,當椎體與骨釘若受前彎(flexion)、後仰(extension)、側彎(lateral bending)、旋轉(rotation)及無軸向負載(pure bending)時,骨釘螺帽中點至棘突中軸的垂直投影距離越小,椎體位移亦越小,結構越穩定;且不論有無骨整合都呈現相似走勢。骨科醫師表示仍會選擇打在目前最普遍的植入位置最為保險;但依照本研究結果,當臨床手術醫師面臨植入常規位置困難度較高時,骨釘植入位置若稍偏外側穩定度並不會有顯著差異,且可避免傷及中樞神經系統。