Durians’ seeds have potential as a food source due to their content and nutrients. Durians’ seeds contain fiber, minerals, vitamins A, B1, B2, C, carbohydrates, folate, potassium and copper. Nutrients are needed for the body's health and growth and development process. Durians’ seeds have the potential as a nutrient-rich food alternative. Researchers made an innovation in the form of cereal, Healthy Cereal Organic (HCO). Analysis of durians’ seed content through two stages. First, wet lab examination and second, in silico method. The wet lab examination shows the results that durians’ seeds contain 10.17 Kcal of fat energy, 4.09% ash content, 11.25% water content, 72.79% carbohydrates, 1.13% total fat and 10.74% protein and the in silico method shows the content of carotenoid compounds (vitamin A, quercetin, beta-carotene, zeaxanthin) as a drug delivery system which means that this compound is able to be absorbed by the body with the help of albumin as a carrier that maintains stability and increases its activity. Feasibility analysis based on toxicity tests, Durians’ seed compounds show inactive (non-toxic) results. Allergenicity test showed non-allergen durians’ seed content. Hedonic test was conducted on 20 panelists dominant to the HCO1 sample for aroma by 60%, texture 90%, taste 40%. It can be concluded that durians’seeds can be used as a basic ingredient for making nutrient-rich Healthy Cereal Organic (HCO).

This study primarily investigates the components of food residues in the stomach of flying squirrels and the metabolism of the intestinal bacteria Floricoccus tropicus. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hydrogen spectrum analysis, the signals of long-chain fatty acids were detected in both n-hexane and 75% ethanol extracts of flying squirrel gastric residues and acorns, suggesting that acorns may be a primary food source for the flying squirrels. The study also identified Floricoccus tropicus, one of the lactic acid bacteria, from the intestines of flying squirrels and discovered its role in the metabolism of fatty acids in acorns. Results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly decreased during fermentation, indicating that they were converted into short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties. In the antibacterial activity experiments, the acorn grease showed no inhibitory effects before fermentation, but after fermentation, the acorn grease exhibited inhibitory effects against E. coli. Furthermore, in anti-inflammatory tests, fermented acorn grease samples significantly suppressed the production of NO and TNF-α in LPSinduced RAW 264.7 cells, with greater inhibition at higher concentrations. In conclusion, the lactic acid bacteria Floricoccus tropicus was found to metabolize fatty acids of acorns into compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

硫磺菇（Laetiporus sulphureus）和桑黃菇（Sanghuangporus sanghuang）是東亞，特別是台灣森林中的兩種真菌。這些真菌的次級代謝物，特別是多醣，具有抗炎和抗癌的生物效應；其地面子實體長期被當地人作為傳統藥物使用。然而，這些藥用特性及其機制尚未充分研究。本研究旨在分析和量化這些真菌多醣的抗炎效果。從硫磺菇中提取硫酸化多醣，從桑黃菇中提取非硫酸化多醣，並使用水和乙醇進行多步純化。隨後，將純化後的產品餵給巨噬細胞進行體外測試以檢查其抗炎性。硫酸化多醣的最佳濃度為150 ppm，能夠最大程度地降低自由基濃度21.6%，且不影響細胞活力。相比之下，桑黃菇的所有多醣濃度均顯示出增強的細胞炎症，顯示其作為藥物無效，因為沒有去除真菌毒素。相比之下，硫磺菇的硫酸化多醣顯示出其藥用潛力，對生物醫學和生物探索領域具有新啟示。

Previous research observed increased TNTs formation between hypoxic and normoxic neuroblastoma cells, aiding hypoxic cell survival. CHGA was identified as a potential factor in this process. This study compared CHGA expression and whether CHGA exists in TNTs in five cell lines, with SH-SY5Y showing the highest levels, followed by SK-N-BE(2)C, while the other three showed lower expression. Future studies will focus on the impact of CHGA on cell survival and its mechanisms.

An exploration of Pachyrhizus erosus as an option for plant-based milk in the 印尼n market for people with lactose intolerance. With its prevalence in tropical climates, Pachyrhizus erosus is an affordable crop in 印尼. Pachyrhizus erosus is a root vegetable containing a calcium content of 15.6 mg per cup (130g) in its unprocessed form, concentrated in its white flesh. Based on its affordability and calcium content, Pachyrhizus erosus can be transformed into a beverage product with nutritional qualities on par with existing plant-based milk, therefore being a solution for calcium sustenance that is more accessible due to its high capability to be locally grown in 印尼. However, this may be a partial case as Pachyrhizus erosus only thrives in regions with long warm seasons. In this research, three trials of Pachyrhizus erosus-based milk recipe have been conducted Trial 1 consists of a 1:1 ratio of Pachyrhizus erosus to water, Trial 2 consists of a 2:1 ratio of Pachyrhizus erosus to water, and Trial 3 consisting of a 10:10:1 ratio of Pachyrhizus erosus to water, and to a small amount of soybean. Based on the results of 14 organoleptic test respondents, it is concluded that the best ratio of ingredients is 10:10:1 (water: Pachyrhizus erosus: soybean) due to an overall preference of the third trial with this ratio, in terms of taste, aroma, color, and consistency. Pachyrhizus erosus is the dominant ingredient in developing alternate plant-based milk. However, findings from the most preferred trial in the organoleptic test suggest that implementing a minor amount of soybean would stabilize the milk-like consistency and flavor. Pachyrhizus erosus’ ability to retain calcium in its water content has been additionally proven in a calcium test using a reagent solution of ammonium oxalate, as even with the trials’ step of straining the liquid content of Pachyrhizus erosus that had been blended with added water, all three trials tested positive based on the high level of the precipitate. Other tests that tackle the quality of each trial include In Silico Testing, biuret protein test, alcohol test, COB test, and pH level testing.

據 WHO 於 2023 的統計，全球約有四千萬人罹患阿茲海默症，且近年來患病率逐年上升，已成為當今無法避免的疾病。造成阿茲海默症的因子眾多，目前著重研究 Tau 蛋白毒性與其的關係。前人研究發現真核生物缺乏嘌呤時會形成嘌呤體，而嘌呤體始於 PAICS 泛素化，Cullin 在其中擔任重要角色，然而現今仍未得知哪些 Cullin 與 PAICS 泛素化較有關聯，故本研究以黑腹果蠅為實驗模型，用 T- test 統計數據並探討不同 Cullin 在阿茲海默症毒性下對於 PAICS 泛素化形成嘌呤體的影響。根據實驗結果，本研究發現 Cullin3 的複眼面積顯著變小，推測其最可能和 PAICS 泛素化有關聯；而與預期相反的是 Cullin5、6，結果顯示其果蠅複眼面積皆顯著大於對照組。本研究結果可提供 Cullin3 對阿茲海默症研究扮演重要角色。

C-terminal tensin-like（CTEN）是種可調控細胞遷移的蛋白質。在正常細胞中， CTEN 表現量低且多位於細胞質；然而癌細胞的 CTEN 則是過量表現於細胞核中，且目前研究指明 CTEN可能影響NF-κB路徑的活化，因此本研究探討癌細胞核中 CTEN 對 NF-κB 訊息傳導路徑，以及細胞遷移癌化的機制。目前研究結果證實：表現量位於癌細胞核的實驗組對於NF-κB轉錄活性有顯著的提升(其p-value < 0.05)，且與空白對照組比較，其提升細胞遷移的能力約增加11倍。實驗挑選六種與細胞發炎、癌化相關的基因 ，以qPCR 測定CTEN與其表現量的關係，歸納結果得知癌細胞核中 CTEN 與這些基因沒有明顯的正相關。本研究接續研究CTEN影響NF-κB路徑及其與EMT的關係，瞭解CTEN、基因在這些路徑的交叉作用，將可提供更為新穎的癌症治療干預靶點。

入侵紅火蟻( Solenopsis invicta，以下簡稱紅火蟻) 起源於南美洲巴拉那河流域，其對於農業、畜牧業、甚至對人的健康都具有高度危險性及破壞性。由於國際貿易地興 起，紅火蟻目前已於包含台灣在內多個國家中被發現並在當地造成危害。為了對抗紅 火蟻造成的影響，瞭解紅火蟻的基因將是個有效的方向。故希望從決定紅火蟻的性別 決定基因之候選位置中探索其重組率以更精準地定位性別決定基因的所在位置。本篇 研究選用紅火蟻其中兩條等位基因序列，分別標記為 H04、H07。對於紅火蟻來說，正常情況下單套個體將發育成雄蟻、雙套且為異型合子的個體將發育成為雌蟻(職蟻或處 女蟻后)，然而同型合子個體則會發育為不孕的雙套體雄蟻。本實驗利用限制酶酵素切 位多樣性( Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, RFLP )技術，使用 MEGA 軟體將H04、H07 序列之同源序列做排序後，使用 Ape 軟體找出其候選酵素切位並篩選出於不同等位基因序列上具有多樣性之切位後，利用聚合酶鏈鎖反應( polymerase chain reaction, PCR )、酵素酶切割及電泳凝膠技術，找出理應為異型合子之雌蟻中只具有 H04 或 H07 序列其中一個訊號之個體，即代表該區域曾發生過基因體重組事件而應被排除出性別決定基因的候選位置。我們成功確認 H07、H04 的 90 個樣本中，同型合子共有12 個、異型合子共有 78 個，並且雄蟻皆只偵測到一個訊號，符合預設。未來繼續縮短範圍，直至找尋到決定紅火蟻重要基因序列。

蕗蕎為原鄉部落常見且重要的香辛料作物，具有降脂、抗動脈粥樣硬化、抗菌等活性， 但對於血管舒張作用則少有相關研究。因此本研究以乙醇對蕗蕎進行萃取，再進一步以色層 分析等方法進行純化，其分離到之化合物由核磁共振磁儀（NMR）光譜技術分析及質譜(MS) 之鑑定，鑑定得到一個主要大量的固醇類天然產物: Laxogenin。另外透過頂空氣相層析質譜儀(HS-GCMS)，從生鮮蕗蕎(Allium chinense G. Don)共鑑定出 13 種化合物，其中包含 8 種含硫化合物，並以 Disulfide dimethyl 含量為 71%，占揮發氣體之含量最高。 在抑制血管收縮素轉化酶 (ACEI)活性測試中，取蕗蕎的酒精萃取物、大蒜的酒精萃取物、Laxogenin、diallyl disulfide 在濃度為 0.0125 mg/mL 下，其抑制率分別為 3.9 %、8.3 %、4.2 %、4.6 %。並透過電腦模擬分子對接技術(MDM)，發現 Laxogenin、diallyl disulfide 與 ACE酵素具結合親和性，以上結果顯示，推測蕗蕎具有抑制 ACE 酵素及降血壓之功效。

原始生命的形成被推論是由化學分子透過自發性化學反應組成簡單的代謝路徑，再由這些路徑組合成為複雜的代謝網絡，最終形成原始的生命。由於自營性的代謝路徑可將無機性的CO₂固定為有機物可謂形成生命的前提，因此推論在自營性微生物所擁有的一種生物固碳路徑，可將CO₂固定進入三羧酸循環的「逆向三羧酸循環」被認為是原始細胞最初形成的代謝路徑之一。然而，以化學反應的自由能考量，自2-Oxoglutarate到Isocitrate 此固碳反應並非自發性反應，並由異檸檬酸脫氫酶催化。異檸檬酸脫氫酶在逆三羧酸循環中是決定固碳反應速率的關鍵酵素之一，在當今正向三羧酸循環中亦具重要的調節細胞能量代謝的功能。有鑑於此，本研究探討源自古老地球環境的嗜熱自營菌Aquifex aeolicus 中異檸檬酸脫氫酶的酵素性質，並期待本研究成果對生命起源的探究及發展新穎固碳技術能有所助益。