全國中小學科展

生物化學

In silico identification and physicochemical analysis of potential novel antimicrobial peptides from Momordica charantia L.

The emergence of antibacterial resistance has necessitated the development of alternative treatments, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are part of the innate immune systems of various organisms such as Momordica charantia L., a known medicinal plant in Southeast Asia. In this study, potential novel AMPs from M. charantia were derived in silico to provide prospective antibiotic alternatives using promising plant-based peptides. M. charantia protein sequences that were 500 amino acids long were digested using proteolytic enzymes, resulting in 3,621 peptides. Each resulting sequence was characterized as either AMP or Non-AMP using four statistical analysis tools, and those identified as AMPs were analyzed. This led to 102 AMPs, 53 of which were unregistered on the Data Repository for Antimicrobial Peptides, indicating that they have yet to be derived from other species. Six of the eight studied physicochemical properties show strong correlations with each other, suggesting that subsequent AMP design studies may focus on these six properties. As such, M. charantia may be a rich source of potential AMPs and, thereby, alternative antibiotics. The in vitro examination of these novel AMPs is also recommended to further understand their potential as alternative antibiotics sourced from locally available plants.

探討神經細胞特異性磷酸化PaxillinS119的進核機制與其對 RNA剪接的調控

神經細胞成熟的過程中可分成數個階段,每個階段間的轉換都伴隨著蛋白質的種類,RNA異構體、細胞結構與功能等全面性的轉變。但控制神經細胞在確切的時序下成熟的分子機制尚待研究。本研究發現 Paxillin 的新功能:當腦神經細胞在活體外培養至第七天時, Paxillin 的位點 Serine119 會被磷酸化 (p-PaxillinS119),並從細胞質轉位進入至細胞核。我們使用 N2a 細胞以神經分化的模式來探討 p-PaxillinS119 進核的分子機制與功能,發現 p-PaxillinS119 進入細胞核需要位點 Serine119 被磷酸化,且分析後確認 Paxillin 的 LIM 結構域中帶有 PY-NLS 序列,分別為 P516/Y517 及 P575/Y576。我們發現 Paxillin 藉由轉運蛋白 Importin β2 辨識其 PY-NLS序列,進行蛋白間的交互作用後進入細胞核中。從螢光影像的分析,我們觀察到神經細胞的 p-PaxillinS119 在細胞核中會呈現顆粒狀,並與 RNA 剪接因子 P-SR 共定位在核斑點上。經由免疫共沉澱與細胞轉染的方式,我們證實位點 Serine119 突變,會影響 Paxillin 與 RNA 剪接因子的交互作用,及降低細胞分化與 RNA 剪接的程度。

不老化動物櫟葉指形軟珊瑚生成天然化合物解析

本研究針對臺灣恆春半島海域所採集的櫟葉指形軟珊瑚Sinularla querciformis進行天然物化學成分研究,由此珊瑚中分離出兩個新型菸草烷類型天然化合物,分別是Querciformolide G (1)與Querciformolide H (2),以及兩個已知菸草烷類型天然化合物,分別是Sinulaparvalide B (3)與3,4:8,11-Bisepoxy-7-hydroxycembra-15(17)-en-1,12-olide (4)。上述化合物的物理性質和化學結構皆是由核磁共振儀、紅外線光譜儀和質譜儀等數據,以及比對相關化合物的文獻來分析確認。 針對化合物1-4進行抗發炎測試,對超氧陰離子產生和人中性粒細胞彈性蛋白酶釋放的抑製作用,發現化合物2針對彈性蛋白酶,有顯著的抑制效果。

新型奈米氧化鐵標定之間葉幹細胞用於治療腎臟疾病及磁振造影的應用

在幹細胞治療中,並無法去偵測打入之幹細胞在人體內的位置及存在狀態。本研究創新在於(1)藉由使用新型奈米氧化鐵(IOP, iron oxide nanoparticles)來標定間葉幹細胞(MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells),並能順利在磁振造影下成像 (2)同時確認IOP其安全性及效能。在實驗中先以X光繞射確認IOP粒徑平均10.4 nm,磁滯曲線證實不會產生磁性,CCK-8細胞測試中證實高濃度IOP(400 μg/mL)對間葉幹細胞存活影響小於17%,接著以普魯士藍染色觀察到IOP濃度愈高被幹細胞吸收愈多,平均每個細胞攝入2.79顆粒增加至3.47顆粒,並同時在磁振造影成像證實。最後高濃度IOP (400 μg/mL)會造成PGE2顯著性的下降55%,證實IOP可影響免疫調節但其角色仍待進一步研究。