全國中小學科展

2020年

Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbons and Their Application for EDLC

The quick increasing energy consumption arouses the interest in the development of power storages. Electrochemical supercapacitor is one of clean and sustainable candidates of energy storage system, and porous carbons are the most potential candidate as electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitor because of their large surface areas, high chemical and physical stability, good conductivity, as well as low cost. In this work, we synthesized the mesoporous carbons by using ZnO nanoparticles as sacrificing template via nano-casting synthetic process and natural porous carbon materials. The synthesized porous carbon has a mesoporous structure. Because the surface area and pore size of the synthesized mesoporous carbon are larger than that of the coconuts fiber-derived carbon, the CV plots show that the synthesized mesoporous carbon has a good rectangular shape and a much better performance than that of the coconuts fiber-derived carbon. We also develop an easy way to discriminate how well a supercapacitor works. We applied these porous carbon-based electrodes on both handmade as well as the commercial capacitors and measured their electrical performances. The handmade EDLC is less efficient than the commercial capacitor.

Chlorella vulgaris chlorophyll a fluorescence as a potential indicator for zinc and nickel detection

Heavy metals contaminate many bodies of water, posing a health risk to not only organisms that live and use the water in these areas, but also to the humans that live nearby. Chlorella vulgaris, a microalga, is one organism whose chlorophyll a fluorescence can indicate the presence of these substances, detecting any changes in concentrations using fluorescence microscopy and other fluorescence devices. The study explores the sensitivity of C. vulgaris to the heavy metal zinc where the algae was exposed to five concentrations of zinc: 0 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. The fluorescence of the samples was observed with a fluorescence microscope on days 0, 4, 7, and 12, where the algal samples were adapted to the dark for 5 minutes, then exposed to light for 90 seconds. The values of the minimal and maximal fluorescence of the samples in the dark were noted. There is a significant difference in the values of the minimal fluorescence, maximal fluorescence, and maximum quantum yield, a value derived from the minimal and maximal fluorescence, at the highest concentration, 100 ppm, from the other treatments for the entirety of the experiment. The significantly low values at 100 ppm and the calculated EC50 of 75.70 ppm indicate that C. vulgaris is indeed a viable indicator for zinc detection at this and higher concentrations of zinc.

終「孑」之「疫」-渦蟲野外防治評估及消化蚊幼蟲機制

台灣淡水三角渦蟲 (Girardia tigrina) 主要以水生小動物為食,且會捕食蚊幼蟲,具生物防治潛能 (王與郭,2016)。根據投放前的評估結果,渦蟲對食物無記憶,為機會主義捕食者且會搶食,有利於評估未來投放的數量;野外防治實驗中發現渦蟲可有效抑制模擬水耕地景中蚊幼蟲,且生存水質與蚊幼蟲相似。未來可大範圍投放渦蟲,評估是否能有效抑制蚊幼蟲。本研究另一目標為確認渦蟲消化蚊幼蟲機制。由薄層分析法發現渦蟲黏液需長時間才能水解少量的幾丁質,推測其主要行體外物理消化蚊幼蟲,化學消化則為協助的角色。以石蠟切片發現5 %福馬林加30 %蔗糖之固定液可切出完整的渦蟲咽部組織。未來將持續探討渦蟲消化蚊幼蟲機制,如確認渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時咽部肌肉組織變化,以及利用冷凍切片固定渦蟲捕食蚊幼蟲時當下組織,再進行染色觀察。

超立方體最小控制集建構方式的探討

本研究將至多8維的超立方體(hypercube)Qn最小控制集(minimum dominating set)MDS(Qn)建構方式一般化,並藉由同構(isomorphic)的分類討論提出的建構模式之唯一性與否。由文獻得出的各超立方體最小控制集大小γ(Qn)以及已知的控制集形式,並從控制集重複控制的次數R(MDS(Qn )),我們得出Qn的平方圖中最小控制集形成的子圖Qn2 [MDS(Qn )]可能的連通分量(component)數,最後透過Qn層狀圖(layered graph)中各層控制點數的運算,篩選得出可行的建構方式。 研究得出MDS(Q1 )、MDS(Q2)、MDS(Q3)、MDS(Q5)、MDS(Q7)只有一種同構;MDS(Q4)、MDS(Q6)有兩種同構,同時我們發現MDS(Q5)與MDS(Q6)構造上的關聯;Q8的情況較為複雜,我們先是證明了γ(Q8 )=32,並討論MDS(Q8)與MDS(Q7)構造上的關聯,提出了建構MDS(Q8)之方式。

Machine-learning assisted antibiotic detection and categorization using bacterial arrays

隨著抗生素的廣泛使用,抗生素殘留的問題日益嚴重。為此,本研究建立了一個稱作細菌陣列固相分析(BacSPA)的方法來檢測和分類樣品中的抗生素。本研究將15個在質體中植入生物冷光的大腸桿菌液,點在與11種不同的抗生素混合的固相培養基上,濃度為1.5 ppm。不同的抗生素會刺激細菌,使其產生特定的生物冷光變化圖形。將圖形以延時攝影紀錄,並以機器學習演算法中的多重決策樹系訓練抗生素分類模型。得到的最佳模型能在三小時內,以90%分類抗生素的類別。再對該方法進一步測試,以區分不同濃度的抗生素。最終模型能將濃度從125 到1000 ppb的八種抗生素進行分類,其準確率大多高於70%。在未來,我們希望能建立更多不同濃度、不同組合的抗生素發光圖形資料庫,以擴大此方法的應用範圍。這無疑為人們檢測與分類食品與環境樣品中的抗生素殘留,提供了一個很好的方法。

Body Movement Generation for Expressive Violin Performance Applying Neural Networks

基於音樂輸入的動作骨架生成是一個正在興起的研究主題,然而在弦樂樂器的演奏骨架生成上,由於動作與音樂資訊間並非是一對一的對應關係,且在時間序列上非常注重前後關係,此問題仍非常具有挑戰性。在研究中,我們設計新的架構,將小提琴演奏者的演奏各部分拆解並分別生成。針對前人研究及此研究的研究結果,我們分別進行了客觀測試及主觀問卷的評估,兩方面皆顯示我們的研究結果較前研究進步。就我們所知,此篇研究是第一個嘗試在小提琴演奏動作上加入音樂情緒的研究。

Synthesis of Biodegradable Plastic From Food Waste

Based on NEA Waste Statistics and Overall Recycling Rate for 2017, 809,800 tonnes of food waste and 815,200 tonnes of plastic waste was generated. Both food waste and plastic waste account for more than 10% of the total waste generated in Singapore in 2017 respectively. However only 16% of the food waste and 6% of plastic waste was recycled, the rest of it was disposed at the incineration plants and then the landfill. Such action will eventually lead to 2 major environmental issues that Singapore will face in near future: 1)Semakau landfill is our only landfill left and it is expected to run out of space in near future 2)The burning of food waste results in the release of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas that has over 25 times the impact in trapping excess heat in the atmosphere as compared to Carbon Dioxide (CO2). This will increase carbon footprint and contribute to greenhouse effect and global warming in due course. According to the Sustainable Singapore Blueprint 2015, Singapore is working towards becoming a Zero Waste Nation by reducing our consumption, reusing and recycling all materials. A national recycling rate target of 70% has been set for 2030 with an aim to increase domestic recycling rate from 20% in 2013 to 30% by 2030 and non-domestic recycling rate from 77% in 2013 to 81% by 2030. As part of our total commitment towards waste management and sustainability effort, the purpose of doing this research project is to investigate whether food waste can be recycled and made into biodegradable plastics. First of all, chitosan will be derived from shrimp shells and be dissolved in acetic acid and lactic acid produced by probiotic fermentation of fruit and/ or vegetable waste for synthesis of biodegradable plastics.

正n邊形內接正四邊形之探討

本篇將探討在正n邊形中的內接正四邊形,即此正四邊形的四個頂點分別位於正n邊形的四個不同邊上。我們將正n邊形依邊長數分為n=4k、4k+1、4k+2、4k+3,透過電腦繪圖、尺規作圖法及公式驗證,得到以下結論:正n(n=4k)邊形有無限多個共中心內接正四邊形,而其餘正n邊形中,皆只有一個(本篇中圖形經過旋轉對稱後,大小、位置相同者為全等,則視為 "同一個")內接正四邊形,且在n=4k+2時,內接正四邊形必和正n邊形共中心;n=4k+1或4k+3時,內接正四邊形必不和正n邊形共中心,但內接正四邊形之中心必在正n邊形的一對稱軸上。最後我們提供一個能在所有的正n邊形畫出內接正四邊形的尺規作圖法。

微量氧化亞錫參雜與氧化鎢光觸媒之光電催化性質探討

太陽能是地球上最豐富的能源。我們這裡研究的光催化劑主要用於進行重要的化學反應,例如利用陽光進行污染物降解和製氫。光催化劑的靈敏度取決於半導體材料的組成。在這項研究中,提出了一種氧化錫和氧化鎢的錫(II)光催化劑(SnO-WO3或SnO2 / WO3)與p-n結半導體材料結合。我們發現重要的事實是,含有少量SnO2和WO3的光催化劑展示了敏感的光催化活性。使用光纖的掃描電化學顯微鏡(SECM)快速篩選SnO2-WO3光催化劑陣列以進行有效的光電化學反應,我們使用小於10%的SnO2量摻雜WO3。然後在0V vs.Ag/AgCl的條件下,我們發現在紫外線和可見光照射下,組合物中3:97 SnO2 / WO3的微小比例能夠顯示出最高的光電流。利用第一原理(DFT)計算,我們得到了接近費米能中SnO2的帶隙約為1.40 eV。我們認為這種小的帶隙和費米能級附近的態密度(DOS)分布是SnO2對n型WO3敏感的原因。

以深度學習及動脈壓力波頻譜諧波分析實驗為基礎開發脈搏訊號分析系統

本研究提出一套創新的人體健康分析方式,透過全新的分析演算法架構深度解析脈搏訊號中的特徵,並結合深度神經網路進行預測,最後開發成監測人體健康的嵌入式系統。本研究基於血液共振理論,將光體積變化描計圖法擷取到的脈搏訊號進行訊號處理,從中擷取出共振峰值以及其變化量,檢測血液循環一週的微小變化,改善了當前分析方法著重在計算平均值,無法呈現即時狀態的缺失。本研究提出的系統和演算法所延伸的預警系統具有77.3%的預測精準度,同時可以擴展至多種趨勢相關的臨床症狀。此外,本系統十分適合應用於低功耗、低成本的硬體,對於未來各種行動裝置、穿戴科技與居家照護的生理數據分析需求,可提供實質的貢獻。