菲律賓

SMS.Link-INTERACTIVE is a system that facilitates the exchange\r of information between a central computer server and a remote cellular\r phone user, and allows remote modification of data in the computer\r through SMS. A cellular phone with a GSM modem is connected to the\r computer physically via a data cable. A program in the computer is\r notified whenever the cellular phone receives new messages, processes\r new messages by first authenticating the user’s identity, then checks for\r the information being asked for, as well as the changes that the user wants\r to be done. Information is then retrieved from a database in the computer\r and the appropriate changes are made. A message containing the\r requested information and a list of changes done is then sent to the user\r through SMS.\r Tests were made to get the speed of the system. Accuracy tests were\r done to determine if the program was able to ascertain the validity of the\r user correctly, return the requested data, and change the specified\r information.\r Using this system, doctors can access a patient’s data and change\r prescriptions; teachers can correct errors in grades; clubhouse personnel\r can add memberships; all these from a remote location by sending a SMS\r request to the cellular phone connected to the server.

Dipterocarps coming from Southeast Asia comprise about 53% of the world’s\r total exports of tropical hardwood products. However, the supply of dipterocarps is\r rapidly declining. The government is currently embarking on the establishment of\r dipterocarp plantations and encourages inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi to\r improve seedling growth and survival in degraded sites. Anisoptera thurifera (Blanco)\r Blume and Shorea guiso (Blanco) Blume rooted cuttings were inoculated with\r mycelial beads containing either Pisolithus PTG, Pisolithus H6394, or Astreus sp.\r Pisolithus PTG was collected from Acacia mangium stand in Malaysia, Pisolithus\r H6394 from Eucalyptus trees growing in a heavy metal contaminated area in New\r Caledonia, Astreus sp obtained from dipterocarp forest in Mt. Makiling, Philippines.\r The results showed that Astreus sp gave the highest root colonization (38%), height\r increment (86%), fine root (51%), coarse root (27%), shoot (43%) and total dry\r weight (40%) of A. thurifera over the control treatment. Astreus – inoculated plants\r had the highest shoot P uptake (41%) while PTG inoculated ones obtained the highest\r fine root P uptake (0.273 mg/root). The uninoculated plants had the lowest height\r increment, dry weight, and P uptake. In S. guiso, Pisolithus H6394, gave the highest\r increment (100%). Data were only obtained from four months of nursery experiments,\r hence, a longer nursery and field experiments should be conducted to achieve a\r complete evaluation of the physiological functions of ectomycorrhizal associations.\r Moreover, a wide range of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with dipterocarps should\r be incorporated for selection of host compatibility.

Ambient vibration, the movement of the ground caused by transient objects such as the relative to values obtained using the commercial recorder. The natural ambient vibration of a control site was simultaneously obtained using the mechanical prototype and the commercial recorder, which were situated next to each other during the actual recording. Moreover, both sensors were used to record a control stimulus for a constant amount of time. The data obtained from these subparts were processed using WinWaveShot which quantified and presented ambient vibration as waves. The deviations of the maximum and minimum amplitudes, mode and median values of these waves, as graphed by DADiSP2002, was performed to verify the accuracy or reliability of the prototype. These graphs were converted to their DFT graphs and histograms, with accompanying converted wave properties which characterized the predominant frequency. Based from the results, the recordings obtained from the mAVR are proportional from the ones obtained from the eAVR. Therefore, the mechanical prototype is capable of recording the predominant frequency of a site. The prototype, when improved, is a potential alternative to commercial sensors since it is able to record actual movements and its scale is proportional to the scale of the eAVR. Since the prototype was constructed and can be reproduced from readily available and inexpensive materials, ambient vibration analysis can be used more commonly by architects and engineers for construction purposes. To verify the reliability of the values obtained using the prototype, the ambient vibration of other sites must be recorded and compared to those using the eAVR. wind, sounds and human activities, is one major site effect evaluation method presently used. The respective predominant frequencies of a site and the structures above it obtained using this method serve as reference to the renovation and/or construction of structures. Predominant frequencies of the landmass and the structures above it should be non-identical to avoid prolonged shaking with the occurrence of an extensive movement of the ground as dictated by resonance effect. Since electronic ambient vibration or microtremor recorders, specifically their sensors, are expensive and inaccessible, a mechanical prototype of such device was designed and constructed. The proposed design of the mechanical ambient vibration recorder (mAVR) was mainly based on the IRIS Seismograph which makes use of the principle of electromagnetic induction. The relationship between ground motion and the movement of the prototype lever, which is a direct proportion, was the concept highlighted by the prototype’s mechanism. After the design of the mAVR prototype was finalized, its assembly, which consisted of the calibration of the solenoid and the inertial mass, was performed. The calibration of the solenoid was based on the voltage output of its solenoid based on the number of turns while the inertial mass was determined based on the equilibrium level of the prototype lever. Having proven the mAVR’s capacity to function by simulating stimulus, the testing of its accuracy was done with two setups: recording of (1) natural and (2) induced ambient vibration. This tested the prototype’s accuracy

A diffraction grating was fabricated from an elastic polymer. It was patterned after a plane reflection grating with a pitch of 1200 lines/mm. It was characterized using a HeNe laser to verify properties. Angular scanning as a function of applied strain was observed for two individual wavelengths. Intensity of fiber output was optimized as an application of angular scanning in fine alignment. Beam profiles showed consistency of first order diffraction intensities at different levels of strain. This showed that the elastomeric grating’s efficiency is independent from strain. The elastomeric grating’s variable pitch can be of immense utility in optical communication systems. A stretchable grating can be used to replace typical high-cost architectures of metal or glass gratings of different pitches that correspond to various spectral regions. By changing the pitch, the grating can be used for different wavelength ranges. The elastomeric grating’s variable pitch can be used to scan different wavelengths over a wide range of angles. Angular scanning is used for wavelength channel selection, and since an elastomeric grating diffracts different wavelengths differently, it can be used for wavelength switching and wavelength division multiplexing in optical communication systems. Laser beams of different wavelengths carrying different signals can be transmitted simultaneously through an optical fiber and diffracted to route the wavelengths onto separate wavelength-specific channels.

Root growth is related to the acquisition, distribution, and consumption of water and nutrients of plants. As a vital organ, roots directly take the effect of environmental change and its behavior is closely related to the growth of the whole plant. With such, the importance of root systems has motivated botanists to seek a better understanding of root branching complexity. This complexity, which has been difficult to comprehend using simple Euclidean methods (i.e. lines and circles), is important to the survival of plants, especially when the distribution of resources in the environment is scarce. Mathematical models using fractals and computers can be applied to accurately understand the growth and form complexity of plant root systems. This study was conducted to analyze the root growth of gamma-irradiated cashew and mangosteen using fractals.

File compression has become a very important tool in the technology field because it allows faster data transfer rates over the internet and decreased file size on data disks. File compression aims to reduce file size while still retaining the quality of the file. Lossy file compression methods are not very efficient because the compressed files end up losing more data than what is usually intended causing a considerable loss in quality. Lossless file compression methods, on the other hand, take time to process since they require decompression to retrieve the original file. In this study, a lossless algorithm which does no require decompression was created. The resulting Fractal File Compression (FFC) algorithm contains two parts, the IFS algorithm and the Huffman Tree generator. Both algorithms were created using Java language and JCreator. The finished program was tested on an image file with 2542 x 1944 pixels dimensions. The image file was compressed using JPEG, BMP, PNG and FFC formats. For each method, the image file was compressed at three different resolution settings; low, medium and high. All the compressed images were then viewed under 500% zoom using Adobe Photoshop CS2. In an area of 40 by 40 pixels, the number of distinct boxes, which served as a measurement of image quality, was determined. Compressed images for JPEG, BMP, and PNG for both the low and medium settings have low image qualities, while the fractally-compressed images have a high image quality. For the high resolution setting, both JPG and fractally-compressed images have Page 2 of 2 high qualities while BMP and PNG still have low qualities. Based on the measurements obtained from the box-counting method and the file sizes, the absolute image quality for each compressed image was calculated. The absolute image qualities of the compressed images used for each setting were then compared. Coupled with large file size and small pixels per area count, the conventional methods have lower absolute image quality than the images compressed using the FFC method. This was true for the low and medium settings, however, JPG compression has a higher absolute image quality than the fractally-compressed images. This meant that JPG compression is more efficient than fractal compression when an image has a high resolution. The resulting FFC algorithm is lossless since it uses pattern searches and replacements in order to decrease the file size. To make the program more suitable for high resolution images, the FFC algorithm may be modified. Most of the changes in the FFC algorithm should be done in the IFS generator. High resolution images can be compressed fully if the pattern that was used for compression is more representative, but even shorter. A more representative bit pattern would create a high quality, high resolution image with a smaller file size.

Characterization of telescope lenses using physical optics and selection of the optimal physical parameters of a reflecting telescope’s optical units were done to improve the design, cost-efficiency, and quality of the 64-cm telescope (named Oof) housed at the National Institute of Physics. Characterization has been done through numerical modeling of the point spread function (PSF) in Python. The PSF code was based on the method of getting wave vectors by Richards and Wolf. The optimal PSF was established to be the PSF of a large monolithic mirror. The PSF of a single optical lens was compared to its counterpart segmented lenses. Through the comparison of maximum intensity, the normalized mean square error (NMSE) and the Linfoot’s criteria of correlation quality, fidelity, and relative structural content, the study has produced results which proved that highly segmented optical components produce results with less quality compared to less-segmented optical components. It was found that as the segmentation increases, the maximum intensity decreases. Higher values of maximum intensity denote higher light gathering power. The normalized mean square error of the set-ups having one to seven layers had values greater than zero but less than one. This denotes that the PSF of those set-ups are near the PSF of the optimal set-up. Higher values of correlation quality, fidelity, and relative structural content denote higher correlation, higher signal to noise ratio, higher closeness of correspondence between the optimal set-up and the segmented set-up. The number and the size of the optical components of the segmented mirror were manipulated in order to achieve a negligible difference between that of the optimal PSF and the PSF of a segmented mirror. The equivalent single lens radius in terms of maximum intensity of the current set-up of the telescope was determined to be 234.25 mm. If the optimal PSF is achieved, the physical parameters of the optical components generated may be applied to the optical components of the 64-cm telescope. The design that resulted from the study could be used in the future construction of a wide-aperture telescope, which could aid in the acquisition of knowledge about heavenly bodies.

The study aimed to compare the electricity generated from the fruit extracts of calamansi, camias and starfruit. Unripe fruits were extracted and varied percentage compositions of each extract were prepared.Wires wereconnected to a multi-tester (voltmeter or ammeter) to measure voltage or current that passes through. Results revealed, that amount of voltage and electric current generated are its lowest reading at 25% and are its highest reading at 100%. Nonetheless, of the three fruit extracts, it’s the calamansi that has the highest amount of voltage generated of0.97 volt while camias has the highest amount of electric current generated of 13.98 mA. Using ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance on the amount of voltage generated among varied percentage compositions of three extracts. However, there’s a significant difference on the amount of electric generated among varied percentage compositions. Results of ANOVA statistically signify that the three different extracts could either be used as a source of voltage and that camias extract should be preferably used over the other two fruit extracts in generating electric current. In all compositions, produced voltage is between 0.88 and 0.97 volts and current is between 3.28 and 13.98 mA. These currents produced are not enough to turn on a small light bulb having a smallest voltage capacity of 1.2 volt, but can be able to turn on a light-emitting diode (LED) that require such amount of current.

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have cheaper and easier means of fabrication compared to the currently used solar cells, which are mostly silicon-based, so DSSCs are developed for a prospect of solar energy accounting for a higher percentage in the world’s total energy production, which is currently 0.1%. However, compared to their inorganic counterparts, their efficiencies are low, and the search for a dye that will maximize the potential of DSSCs is still ongoing. The aim of this study is to be able to evaluate the absorption range in the solar spectrum of dyes extracted from Basella alba leaves and Bixin orellana seeds, and of dyes resulting from the mixture of both extracts, using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, with the objective of increasing the absorption; to be able to fabricate functional DSSCs from the individual and mixed dyes; and to be able to evaluate the different conversion efficiencies of the DSSCs of the individual and mixed dyes using Linear Sweep Voltammetry, with the aim of increasing the conversion efficiency due to a wider absorption range. B. alba leaves and B. orellana seeds were extracted using soxhlet extraction. The clean extracts were mixed in different proportions, and were characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The two individual dyes together with two proportions of the mixed B. alba:B. orellana dyes, 1:1 and 2:1, were then incorporated into DSSCs. In the fabrication of DSSCs, twelve plates of Fluorine doped tin oxide were coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) using spray pyrolysis. They were sintered and scraped, and were afterwards immersed in the four dyes for four days. Platinum plates were placed on top, and iodine-triiodide couple electrolyte was introduced via capillary action. The sealed DSSCs were subjected to Linear Sweep Voltammetry under dark and illuminated conditions, using a sun simulator. Results from the UV-Vis spectrophotometry showed that mixing the dyes had increased the absorption range of the individual dyes, although not superpositionally, and that the 2:1 mixed dye has the most potential. Being incorporated into DSSCs, the dyes, including the mixed ones, have successfully converted solar energy into electrical energy, as shown by the significance in conversion efficiencies under dark and illuminated conditions. However, despite the increase in the absorption range, neither of the mixed dyes have shown a higher conversion efficiency than the individual ones, which can be accounted for a possible weaker interaction between the two dyes and the TiO2, resulting to lower efficiencies. The study has been able to obtain and characterize dyes from B. orellana seeds and B. alba leaves and has been able to incorporate the dyes into DSSCs. With the wider absorption range of the mixed dyes, the study has been able to confirm the possibility of the dyes to maximize the potential of DSSCs, as shown by the successful conversion of solar energy into electrical energy of all fabricated DSSCs, including those of mixed dyes. If the possible problem with the dye-dye as well as the dye-TiO2 interactions could be solved, the possibility of much higher conversion efficiencies could be expected.