臺灣

以隨手可得拍攝影像的工具（如智慧型手機、個人數位助理、網路攝影機等）及網際網路的便利性，讓使用者能隨時透過書籍條碼影像向遠端資料庫查詢書籍的相關訊息。本研究以「ISBN書籍條碼」為例，經過條碼影像的擷取、偵測並分割出影像中的條碼、歪斜校正以及辨識後，透過網際網路，從ISBN書籍資料庫中查詢出該書籍的相關資訊，讓我們體驗行動通訊科技所帶來的便利。在程式的實作上，除了使用現有影像處理技術中的霍夫轉換與邊緣偵測外，也搭配上自行設計的變化量分配圖，使得ISBN條碼的辨識能力大為提升。此外，為了將使用者查詢時等待回應的時間降至最低，採用了記憶體直接存取的方法來處理影像外，也針對程式執行時的瓶頸部分，以平行處理的機制來加速，經過在Intel i5 M560四核心處理器上的實際測試，一幅900×675像素的影像，平均只要花費1.08秒即可辨識出ISBN條碼，相當的迅速。

本研究從大自然中之「蓮花效應」引發學習興趣與研究動機，在蒐集相關資訊與文獻後，發現疏水功能不只是防水，還關係著日常生活品質之許多材料特性，包括防水、撥水、防潮、防銹、防蝕、抗菌防污、自清潔…等。而影響固體表面疏水性之兩大特性，包括物理之表面粗糙度與化學之超低表面能，本研究針對物理之表面粗糙度與疏水性之關係做探討，以相同之化學特性來比較不同號數之工業用砂紙之疏水行為，並就廣泛被引用之兩種模擬表面粗糙度與疏水性關係之模式：Wenzel and Cassie model，比較現有文獻對兩種模式之特性，選擇Cassie model 來進一步實驗驗證，以量測之平均接觸角 Θ 推算Cassie model 之表面粗糙係數Φ 值，並簡化不同砂紙顆粒模型為相同粒徑之球狀，以簡化之方程式來求得水珠與砂紙顆粒之實際接觸面積與球心夾角 θ，以提供高中學校能在經費與設備之限制下，仍能有效應用與印證Cassie model，獲得砂紙顆粒直徑與球心夾角 θ 自然對數值之關係。並就疏水性之生活應用，建立接觸角與 Φ 之關係曲線，驗證實驗之方程式，與延續過去之科展成果，以實驗成果提出可行性應用之建議。The interest and motivation of the present work was introduced from “lotus effect” in nature. After we collected related literature and information, we found that the function of the so-called “superhydrophobicity” behaves not only water repellency, but also a variety of real-life applications, including anti-fog, anti-corrosion, anti-bacteria, anti-fouling, self-cleaning, and so on. Pervious studies have pointed out that two criteria affecting the performance of hydrophobic surfaces are physical (roughness) and chemistry (surface tension) properties. This study focused on influence of physically surface roughness on hydrohyphobicity. Based on an identical surface chemistry, we employed different types of industrial sandpapers to mimic the lotus leaf, and investigated the relationship between roughness and hydrophobicity by using two famous models: Wenzel and Cassie models. Comparing with their basic assumptions to our study, we applied Cassie model to confirm our experimental results, in where one Cassie parameter (?) was proposed to simplify the Cassie equation. This superhydrophobic behavior can be well predicted by the Cassie model. This study continues previous achievement and offers some practical utilization according to our\r experimental results.

本研究以碳化矽(SiC)奈米粉末加入去離子水中，插入銅電極加以電壓進行其表面帶電性的研究。研究中發現SiC奈米粉末的表面帶有負電荷，且加以電壓後，SiC奈米粉末會沉澱下來。利用場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)及X-光繞射儀(X-RD)檢測其性質，發現加以電壓使奈米粉末失去電荷而聚集沉澱。同時經由製作不同酸鹼度SiC奈米粉末溶液的陽極極化曲線發現pH值越大，SiC奈米粉末表面電位越高，開放電路電位越小。本研究實驗過程中發現pH值2之SiC奈米粉末溶液加過電壓後，正極生成一透明薄膜狀物質，極有可能是導電鍍膜，應用價值極高。本研究已先進行微硬度試驗與金相實驗，將由長庚大學機械系研究所進行更深入檢測與研究。The electrochemical behavior of the SiC-nanopowder in deionized water was studied. The electrochemical cell was composed of two pure copper electrodes, across which different voltages were applied. The morphology of the nanopowders or even with reacted products was examined using field emission electron microscope(FESEM) and the corresponding phases were identified with X-ray diffraction method(XRD). The experimental results show that tha nano-powders precipitated at the surface of the anodic copper electrode and in the same time the nanopowders in the solution aggregated when 20 volts were applied across two electrodes. That is, net negative charge could be induced around the nanopowder. Deposition rate of the aggregated powders in the various pH-value solutions was evaluated and the aggregated powders were examined with FESEM. The higher Zeta potential of the SiC-nanopowder was examined as the nanopowders immersed in the higher pH value solution. The nanopowders aggregated themselves as the pH value under 2. The anodic polarization behavior of the copper electrode in SiC- nanopowder solution was measured and the results were compared with the aforementioned tests.

隨著社會漸漸的現代化，我們需要愈來愈多的電力，然而在享用電力時，更伴隨著汗染的到來。所以討論如何有效的利用能源及探討無汗染能源，是本實驗研究的主要課題，以下即是我們的介紹。

本實驗使用聚醚亞醯胺溶液製備基本薄膜，由於玻璃態高分子薄膜過於緻密，一直是高分子薄膜在應用上的一大限制，為了在薄膜上製造缺陷，又不會使薄膜之選擇性降低，因此選擇將酸化之奈米碳管(孔徑10~20nm) 加至聚醚亞醯胺薄膜中。本實驗主要為探討添加不同濃度的酸化奈米碳管對聚醚亞醯胺薄膜的滲透率與選擇率的影響，藉由添加0.5 wt%、1 wt%、1.5 wt%、3 wt%、4 wt%等不同濃度的酸化奈米碳管至15 wt% 的聚醚亞醯胺溶液中，並製作薄膜，測試其基本性質與五種氣體(H2、CO2、O2、N2、CH4)的滲透率及不同空氣分子之間的選擇率。我們總共測試了三種薄膜的性質，分別是表面特性、熱穩定性及結晶型與層間距，薄膜的表面性質，能觀察到奈米碳管在薄膜中製造奈米孔隙結構，增加氣體滲透的孔道，能有效增加氣體的滲透率。增加奈米碳管的量，能有效升高第一階段熱裂解的溫度，雖然熱裂解在本實驗中沒有很大的差異，但是還是可以從熱重分析圖中推測不同量的奈米碳管會影響熱穩定性。在X 光繞射實驗中，添加奈米碳管的薄膜與純聚醚亞醯胺薄膜，在結晶相上都屬非結晶型薄膜，添加了奈米碳管的高分子複合薄膜的層間距明顯增大。在氣體滲透實驗中，我們比較了不同氣體或濃度不同的奈米複合薄膜的氣體滲透率，在不同氣體時，氣體的滲透率會隨著奈米碳管濃度增加有明顯的提升，五種氣體滲透率大致依照H2>CO2>O2>N2>CH4 這個趨勢增減。奈米碳管對1.5%增加到3%或4%的奈米複合薄膜滲透率的影響卻減小，由此可以推斷奈米碳管對空氣滲透率並非無限制的增加，在1.5%以後就漸漸趨近最大值。H2為14.89barrer，CO2 為9.51barrer，O2為6.34barrer，N2為6.48barrer， CH4 為3.75barrer 。本研究總共比較了三組氣體的選擇率，分別是CO2/CH4，O2/N2，H2/CH4，分離率最高的是H2/CH4 的，兩分子的粒徑大小差對分離率有極大影響，差愈大，其分離率也愈高。奈米碳管的量改變並不會使薄膜的氣體選擇率明顯增加或減少，但是加入太多奈米碳管其選擇率會變低。在五片薄膜中，1.5%的薄膜有最好的選擇率，奈米碳管的添加量超過1.5%選擇率就會開始下降。綜合滲透率及選擇率可以分析出，添加1.5%奈米碳管的高分子奈米複合薄膜有較高的滲透率，又不會降低選擇率，在利用上比其他濃度的奈米複合薄膜在有害氣體過濾及空氣的分離回收方面產生更好的效果。;This experiment uses Polyetherimide polymers solution to make basic membranes. Because glassy polymer membranes are too dense for gas permeations, it is one of the limitations in their applications. To increase gas permeability and maintain air selectivity, I made some nanogaps on the surface of the membranes by an acidification multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs, kinetic diameter 10~20nm) in the PEI membranes. We mainly want to find if it has some influence between the consistency of acidification MWNTs and gas permeability or selectivity. We mixed 0.5wt% 、1wt%、1.5wt%、3wt%、4wt% acidification Carbon nanotube in 15wt% PEI solution, made membranes and tested the character, five kinds of gas permeability (H2、CO2、O2、N2、CH4) and the selectivity between different gases. We have tested the three nature of membranes, including surface characteristic, TGA and XRD. We can see some nanogapes made by carbon nanotube in the membranes. It could availably increase gas permeability. Mixing more carbon nanotube in the membranes could increase the temperature of the first heat-decomposition. Though the heat-decomposition in this experiment didn’t change a lot, we could say that different percent nanotube would affect the membranes’ heat-decomposition. By the experiment of XRD, the membranes with carbon nanotube and the pure PEI membranes attach to amorphous membranes. Nanocomposite’s de-spacing is bigger than pure membranes. In the experiment of air permeability, we compared different kinds of gas or different percent carbon nanotube of nanocomposite if they have some change of permeability. The conclusion is that air permeability increase as the quantity of nanotube increase. The five kinds of permeability the direction：H2>CO2>O2>N2>CH4.The influence of permeability will decrease when the quantity of carbon nanotube increase from 1.5% to 3% or 4%. We can get the conclusion that the increment of gas permeability isn’t limitary. It drifts towards maximal about 1.5%. H2 is 14.89barrer. CO2 is 9.51barrer. O2 is 6.34barrer. N2 is 6.48barrer. CH4 is 3.75 barrer.This experiment totally compared three groups of air selectivity. They ’re CO2/CH4, O2/N2 and H2/CH4. The maximum of selectivity is H2/CH4. The difference of kinetic diameter affects air selectivity a lot. The quantity of nanotube doesn’t associate with the air selectivity, but mixing too much nanotube will decrease air selectivity. The 1.5% nanocomposite has the highest selectivity. If the consistency of the membranes is higher than 1.5%, the air selectivity will decrease. Depend on the gas permeability and the air selectivity, the 1.5% nanocomposite has higher permeability and constant air selectivity. That shows the 1.5% nanocomposite has a better effect on air selectivity and recycling.

在日常生活中，靜電無所不在，但是在一般的情況下，我們所能觀察到的靜電現象，卻是少之又少。偶然經過冷氣機，冷氣機的水滴滴答答的滴出，吵雜的水聲，這些水滴是否能被利用?又將應用在哪一方面?引發我們的興趣，偶然間發現的凱氏滴水器，也許能解答我們的疑惑，進而促成此次的科展研究。

The “Insectivorous Plants”﹐ the first historical publication by Charles Darwin﹐contained the detailed observations and meticulous descriptions of various carnivorous plants and had become the most important reference for the study of carnivorous plants﹒ But the prey mechanism and digestive function of the bladder traps of the Utricularia were not well described﹒ The present study has a great success in these fields which include the volume change of bladder traps before and after firing﹐the spontaneous pressure relief of the bladder traps even without being triggered by prey, and the quadriceps visible absorption process﹒ The last two findings are not yet publicated. This laboratory experiment is carried out with Utricularia Gibba﹐a native species of Utricularia in Taiwan﹒ Through static and dynamic observation﹐we find that bladder traps suck in water by 12-25% of body volume change, and the bladder traps release internal pressure spontaneously under long period of waiting, despite not being triggered﹒ We can also easily demonstrate the absorption process of quadriceps by manually triggering the bladder traps to suck food color solutions. All the events above can be clearly seen under microscopy﹒達爾文是最先對食蟲植物作深入且完整研究的科學家，至今他的著作仍是研究食蟲植物的重要資料，但在其內容中對狸藻捕蟲囊捕蟲行為及消化功能的研究觀察並不完整。本實驗使用簡單的方法，在這方面有突破性的進展，包括捕蟲囊捕食前後的體積變化，自發性舒張及囊內腺毛對於食用色素的消化吸收，後兩項發現及實驗均未曾出現在文獻資料中。 本實驗以台灣本土水生食蟲植物絲葉狸藻(Utricularia gibba)為研究對象，由靜態及動態觀察，顯示捕蟲囊捕食前後體積變化為12~25%，且即使在沒有捕到水中生物的情況下，也會有自發性舒張以解除囊內壓力的現象。捕蟲囊內四爪腺毛消化吸收功能的整個過程，可藉由食用色素加以呈現，並清楚的在顯微鏡下觀察到這些現象。

人體表面積在醫學的應用相當重要：燒燙傷的評估是以全身面積被灼傷的百分比 表示；營養狀況的評估，新陳代謝率也以單位表面積表示之；體液或藥物之需求量也 是以體表面積來決定劑量；然而人體是一不規則物體，應用一般幾何面積計算公式有 其困難處，如何快速的計算人體表面積，以作為醫療的指引，有其必要性。而青少年 正處於快速發育期，各部位的成長是否會影響表面積的計算，由於目前鮮少對青少年 之專文報告，尤其缺乏台灣地區之調查。為了探索這些問題，乃進行調查與研究。 本研究以台灣地區國民中小學10 至15 歲青少年為對象，探討在此發育期間體格 之變化及可能之影響相關因子，並建立體表面積之快速計算公式。本研究隨機取樣以 1209 人形成樣本，其中男生623 人，女生586 人，利用尺秤，取得身體各部位的資料， 並以問卷調查運動、飲食與睡眠等問題，以探討影響此成長期發育之因子。結果發現： 台灣青少年體表面積快速計算公式為(身高x 體重 ÷37)0.5；其體表面積九分法計算方 式也有別於一般歐美成年人的計算法；及此年齡層的身高與體重受運動的頻率、運動 持久性、飲食習慣多寡的影響，而與運動種類及主食種類相關性不大，這項研究的發 現，將有助於醫護人員對青少年問題的處理。Body Surface Area (BSA) has been used in many clinical conditions to calculate the percentage of burned area, to evaluate the nutrition status - the unit of the metabolic rate, to determine the need of fluid supply or the medicine dosage requirement. So precise measurement of BSA is very important, however the human body is an irregular shape, a laborious task using the geometrical method. To establish a simple quick formula to guide the therapeutic treatment is a necessity. Also the rapid growth phase during the adolescent stage might change the BSA in some way. BSA has not been established for the teenagers in Taiwan. To investigate this issue, a total of 1209 healthy elementary and junior high school boys (623) and girls (586) aged 10 to 15 in Taiwan were recruited by random selection. By use of anthropometrical measurements and a health questionnaire to the subject simultaneously, the data was analyzed statistically. The results revealed that a quick adequate formula derived from the body height and weight for Taiwan teenagers was determined by the formula, BSA = [ Height (meter ) x Weight (Kg) ÷37 ] 0.5, the Taiwan teenage “rule of the nine” of BSA is different from that of the adult, and that the frequency and the duration of exercise, the diet habit, and the duration of sleep significantly influence both body growth and weight. These findings may provide significant references for the physicians to treat the clinical conditions of teenagers in Taiwan.

我們使用陽極氧化鋁(AAO)模板來製備銅及其氧化物的奈米線。以硫酸銅和乳酸配製電鍍液，利用氫氧化鈉水溶液(NaOH)將其pH 值調整到12，供以不同電壓，可電鍍出銅及氧化亞銅奈米線。在較高電壓下可製備出銅奈米線，而在較低電壓下可製成氧化亞銅奈米線，若使用中間電壓則能製得銅及氧化亞銅的混合態。利用x 光繞射分析儀(XRD)來分析其結晶構造、使用場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)以得知其表面形貌。電鍍出的奈米線直徑約60 nm。奈米線的長度可藉由調整電鍍時間或電壓來控制。在製作IC 內部導線方面，銅奈米線深具開發潛能；在提升太陽能電池的轉換效率、製作可見光光觸媒方面，氧化亞銅奈米線極具前瞻性。We electrodeposited copper and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanowires with anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Both Cu and Cu2O nanowires could be prepared with an alkaline cupric lactate solution, which was adjusted to pH 12 using a 6 M NaOH, when supplied with different electrolytic voltages. Cu nanowires could be prepared when a higher voltage was supplied, and Cu2O nanowires could be prepared with a lower voltage. A mixture of Cu and Cu2O nanowires could be prepared with a supply of a voltage in between. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to determine the phase composition, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to characterize the morphology of the nanowires. The length of nanowires can be controlled by adjusting the time spent on electrodeposition and the voltage supplied. The resultant diameter of the nanowires was about 60 nm. Cu nanowires are promising materials for making the conductive wires in IC, and Cu2O nanowires hold great promise for improving the conversion efficiency of solar cells and manufacturing visible-light photocatalyst.

20 世紀初，石油的量產造就了人類文明前所未有的繁榮，然而由於運送、廢棄處理等因素，使得油類污染成為環境保護的重大議題。本實驗中，我們的研究主題為在受油污染的土壤中純化並鑑定出可分解油類之土壤菌和綠膿桿菌對可分解油類之土壤菌與這群土壤菌彼此之間的交互關係，藉此了解它們間的互動對環境生物復育的影響。我們由受油類污染的行道樹土壤中分離了約12 種的土壤菌，其中我們得到3 種對油類分解效果效果極佳的非綠膿桿菌(暫時命名為P7A、P7C、P7D)。經過菌種鑑定發現P7A、P7C、P7D 均為格蘭氏陽性菌。為了解這群可分解油類之土壤菌間的互動關係，我們針對分解效果最佳的P7A、P7C、P7D 作為研究對象，將菌落接種至含有鹽類與機油的液體培養基中震盪培養，並每隔一定時間測量其O.D 值。結果發現P7A、P7C、P7D 間的互動會導致其在以機油為單一碳源的培養液中之生長速度的改變，因此在行環境生物復育時須注意土壤菌間交互關係對其分解污染物速率的影響。此外我們由受油類污染的行道樹土壤中亦分離出了一些綠膿桿菌，因文獻指出，綠膿桿菌所分泌的綠膿素降低受油污染土壤中土壤微生物相的多樣性；因此，我們將由行道樹土壤中純化出的綠膿桿菌T3 與可分解油類P7A、P7C、P7D 進行交互作用觀察，發現T3 會侵占P7A、P7C、P7D 的既有菌落區，而平板培養基亦可清楚看出和T3 交接的P7A、P7C、P7D 菌落區寬度有明顯降低，因此我們認為T3 可抑制或殺死P7A、P7C、P7D，可得知綠膿桿菌會對可分解油類之土壤菌產生抑制或競爭關係。In early 20th century, the exploitation of petroleum transformed human civilization into a tremendously prosper stage. Because of the transportation and disposition of petroleum, the oil pollution has become a important issue in environmental protection. Besides, Chloropseudomonas spp. which can survive in many different environments and decompose lots of organic compounds. In this study, we want to find the bacteria which can utilize oil from machine oil-contaminated soil, investigating the interaction relations between Chloropseudomonas spp. and these oil-degrading soil bacteria. First, we classified these oil-degrading bacteria by the book called“Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.”We find three species of oil-degrading bacteria (P7A、 P7C、P7D) which are all grams-positive bacillus, possibly belonged to Aureobactreium、Curtobacterium、Cellulomonas、Oerskovia、Brochothrix、 Caryophanon. Second, in the study of the relationship between Chloropseudomonas spp. and the oil degrading soil bacteria, we found that Chloropseudomonas spp can considerably inhabit the growth of oil-degrading bacteria. Besides, there are also a great variety of interaction between three species of the oil-degrading bacteria. According to the result , the interaction might considerably affect the efficiency of oil bioremediation. Due to our analysis, we suggest that it is necessary to pay more attention to the interaction between bacteria when undertaking oil bioremediation.