一等獎

Originally, the Tesla transformer was developed to transmit energy and messages wirelessly. But it did not prove itself for either of these applications, so today it is only used for research purposes. Over time, the Tesla transformer has evolved and improved. Today it is possible with Tesla transformers to generate powerful and highly precise controlled discharges. During operation, impressive high-voltage discharges occur at the transformer. A tesla transformer is basically a high voltage generator that achieves a voltage boost by using two magnetically coupled LC series resonant circuits of the same resonant frequency. The Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla Coil (DRSSTC) built in this work has a high power IGBT half bridge module to excite the primary resonant circuit at the resonant frequency. The IGBTs are driven in such a way that audible pressure waves, and therefore music, are generated by the electrical discharges at the high voltage electrode. Within the scope of this work were the following two questions: - How is a DRSSTC designed and built? The DRSSTC system realized in this work is about 80 cm high and reaches about one-meter-long discharges. The design, development, and construction of the transformer are documented in detail and extensively in this thesis. - How does one measure an electrical voltage of 200,000 V, which changes sign more than 100,000 times per second? Two approaches have been taken to measure the voltages. Derived from the energy balance of an ideal capacitor and an ideal coil, a secondary voltage of about 200 kV was calculated via secondary current measurement. The second approach uses a voltage measurement via an in-house developed measuring electrode and a calculated divider ratio between the measured voltage and the secondary voltage. A relatively unrealistic secondary voltage of about 750 kV was measured since the divider ratio depends on approximate values. Nevertheless, the measuring electrode can be used for investigations of the voltage curve, or the divider ratio can be calibrated via the secondary current measurement. The development of such a transformer laid the foundation for much further research and scientific analysis.

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

本研究使用NOAA NECP Reanalysis Data 2000年~2020年冬季之緯向風、重力位高度場及其距平變化，探討北極震盪指數(AOI)、極地渦旋對北半球區域極端寒冷事件之關係。AOI與對流層300hPa北緯50~65度緯向平均之緯向風速變動關係較顯著，而與平流層(50hPa)極地渦旋的緯向風速變動僅呈現中度正相關。在太平洋區中，極端寒冷事件發生在AO負相位的比例最高，不過，極端寒冷事件不必然僅發生在AO負相位的大氣條件下，而是與極區的重力位高度場變動有關，且可能發生延遲影響。當極區平流層(50hPa~100hPa)或極區對流層(300hPa~500hPa)的週平均重力位高度距平值明顯上升，代表極地渦旋發生變化，大多有伴隨有極端寒冷事件的出現，即使處於AO正相位的情況亦然，本文對於區域極端寒冷天氣事件之重力位高度場特徵做歸納與說明。

在這篇作品中，研究了在遵守反射定律的情況下，“光點”在x軸和“反射曲線”之間反射時，無限往前彈跳的可能性。 研究分成兩個階段，第一階段沿用了我過去作品中的基本結果，闡述了“入射光線”角度之間的遞迴關係，並用“反射切線”角度寫出第n個入射光線角度的封閉式。 第二階段運用函數值趨近於非零常數（為了研究簡潔，假設趨近於1）的情況下一般可用的“接觸點”估計方式，並使用此結果證明了在特定初始條件下，1+e^(-x)和1+1/x都是“無限反射曲線”，但一開始的接觸點估計方式只適用於反射曲線函數值趨近於非零正數的情況，所以我也針對函數值趨近於零的情況進行了思考，但發現了估計推導上的困難，這將是我未來繼續研究的方向。

磁暴是地球磁場的劇烈擾動現象。由於強烈磁暴可能對人造衛星、地面電力系統的穩定性帶來損害，因此了解磁暴事件的機制十分重要。本研究利用 OMNI 資料庫中的地磁指數與行星際磁場南北向分量、太陽風動壓、太陽風風速、質子密度等物理量觀測資料，分析太陽週期 22 至 24 期間的單低谷型磁暴事件，此類型事件佔總分析期間磁暴事件的近五成。首先磁暴事件數量比例大致隨強度增強而遞減；不過安靜期也有較強烈的事件發生。接著分析各物理量與事件強度的相關性，其中行星際磁場南向分量、太陽風動壓相關係數分別達 0.80 和 0.64，推論可做為磁暴先兆的依據。因此分別建立太陽週期 22、23 及太陽週期 24 之行星際磁場南向分量、太陽風動壓對事件強度的經驗關係式，並據此計算行星際磁場南向分量對應的事件強度門檻值。目前逐步比對太陽週期 25 的磁暴事件，推論以太陽週期 24 的經驗式得出的門檻值，可能較適用目前太陽週期 25發生的磁暴事件。

本研究以腸道類器官(organoid)模擬體內環境，分析乳癌標靶藥物Lapatinib與Tucatinib對腸道產生副作用的差異。Lapatinib明顯抑制ileum及colon organoid的形成，其IC50低於Tucatinib約1000倍。其中Lapatinib特別對adult type organoid較具明顯抑制作用，顯示影響腸道上皮細胞的分化功能。以RNA seq 與Ingenuity pathway Analysis分析藥物對organoid中轉錄體表現的影響，Lapatinib 在colon organoid中增加腸道發炎、葡萄糖代謝異常、氯離子外流等基因群的表現，並降低crypt發展的基因群。其中，Lapatinib藉由增加Glut3的表現提高organoid對葡萄糖的吸收，此作用受到L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)抑制，亦增加GABA receptor 提高氯離子外流，顯示代謝與電解質失衡及發炎作用可能為lapatinib造成腹瀉的主因之一。以3D organoid為可信賴的轉譯研究模式，我們發現同屬HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor的Lapatinib與Tucatinib對腸道功能產生迥然不同的影響，並發現合併使用Glut3 inhibitor或GABA receptor antagonist可能可成為減緩Lapatinib副作用的對應策略。

本實驗藉由操控目標字鄰群大小及是否最高頻兩項變因，研究國、高中生在是否具有「聲旁規則性」與「鄰群發音一致性」的情況下，兩群漢字的辨識歷程，由實驗可知： 一、 國、高中生對於具有「聲旁規則性」及「鄰群發音一致性」，與不具有「聲旁規則性」及「鄰群發音一致性」兩種情況下的漢字辨識歷程中，大鄰群目標字的辨識時間較小鄰群目標字長，即「大鄰群」因素在其漢字辨識歷程中產生了「抑制作用」。 二、 本實驗中，「非最高頻」鄰群目標字的辨識時間較「最高頻」鄰群目標字長。即「最高頻」因素在國、高中階段的漢字辨識歷程中未產生「抑制作用」。 三、 國、高中階段受試者雖皆呈現出「大鄰群」的「抑制作用」且未顯示「最高頻」因素的「抑制作用」，但兩者相較之下，可由Naming之實驗發現，高中生的漢字辨識歷程已更趨近於成人。

網路上常常會使用驗證碼(CAPTCHA)防止自動化程序取得網站資源，而一般而言，若驗證碼是可以輕易取得，十分容易被深度學習網路破解。然而，對抗式攻擊(adversarial attack)可以騙過許多深度學習網路。因此，本研究目的為建立能夠破解對抗式攻擊的深度學習網路。主要包含三個部分：建立Captcha breaker、使用對抗式攻擊影響breaker、防禦對抗式攻擊。Captcha breaker的部份使用模擬的目標驗證碼作為訓練資料，以解決訓練資料不足以及人工標籤的問題；而破解adversarial attack會使用adversarial training以及random noising的技術進行。

Money drives the world and in times of crisis, money is more important than ever. Most political, economic and, as we have seen recently, health crises are accompanied by pressure on the economy. With such pressure, ordinary citizens are worried about their money, which is at risk either from inflation or from an uncertain economic outlook. In such times, some people resort to appreciating their money by investing. It is wise investments that can protect savings from inflation, or at least mitigate the effects of inflation. Investing in the stock market is among the most popular ways of investing. During the global coronavirus crisis, the number of small investors more than doubled (Galik and Brody [2022]), and in 2021, Covid (new) investors accounted for 15 % of investors in the U.S. market (Schwab [2021]). It is this phenomenon that inspired the author to write this paper. Investing in the stock market is one of the riskiest forms of investment, which means that there is a high probability of losing the originally invested capital. Some companies that allow retail investors to invest state that more than 90 % of their users lose their capital when investing in the stock market. On the other hand, investing in the stock market has one of the greatest potentials for profit. In the case of a long-term investment in index funds, for example, an average annual appreciation of between 8 % and 12 % can be expected (the average appreciation of the S&P 500, the most famous US index). However, it is necessary to wait several years for stable results. To see appreciation in a long-term portfolio, it is recommended to wait at least 12 years. This is because if a recession or a simple market correction comes, said portfolio can lose up to 50 % of its value in a year. But as history shows, markets do rise over the long term, and that is what long-term investors bet on, waiting for their capital to appreciate over time. But the market does not grow all the time. The market often changes price trends, and in some rare cases a long-term trend can reverse for up to several tens of months. This phenomenon, volatility, is attempted to be exploited by so-called speculators. A speculator is an investor who sells and buys in short periods of time and thus speculates on price movements. The speculator therefore needs a way to determine the likely behaviour of the price in the foreseeable future in order to make their trades profitable. The two main ways of analysing price behaviour are fundamental and technical analysis. And since fundamental analysis incorporates a large amount of diverse information into its predictions, this paper concentrates on working with technical analysis.