全國中小學科展

一等獎

探討實際執行、動作心像、動作觀察與鏡像動作時之腦部活化情形

本研究以功能性近紅外光頻譜儀,探討雙側主要運動皮質(M1)、前運動皮質(PMC)及聯合動作皮質(SMA)等動作相關腦區,以實際執行(ME)、動作心像(MI)、動作觀察(MO)及鏡像動作(MVF)等模式執行上肢功能性前伸動作(Arm reaching)時,腦部之活化情形。研究結果發現「實際執行」、「動作心像」與「鏡像動作」執行時,動作相關腦區皆顯著活化,包含M1、SMA及PMC。且可觀察到執行「動作心像」、「鏡像動作」時之大腦活化模式與「實際執行」呈現相同趨勢。此結果可應用於臨床復健訓練中,對於上肢偏癱患者(如中風患者),建議使用「鏡像動作」模式訓練,而對於雙側皆有動作障礙之患者(如頸部脊髓損傷),可使用「動作心像」作為替代治療。

Application of Technical Analysis to the Stock Market

Money drives the world and in times of crisis, money is more important than ever. Most political, economic and, as we have seen recently, health crises are accompanied by pressure on the economy. With such pressure, ordinary citizens are worried about their money, which is at risk either from inflation or from an uncertain economic outlook. In such times, some people resort to appreciating their money by investing. It is wise investments that can protect savings from inflation, or at least mitigate the effects of inflation. Investing in the stock market is among the most popular ways of investing. During the global coronavirus crisis, the number of small investors more than doubled (Galik and Brody [2022]), and in 2021, Covid (new) investors accounted for 15 % of investors in the U.S. market (Schwab [2021]). It is this phenomenon that inspired the author to write this paper. Investing in the stock market is one of the riskiest forms of investment, which means that there is a high probability of losing the originally invested capital. Some companies that allow retail investors to invest state that more than 90 % of their users lose their capital when investing in the stock market. On the other hand, investing in the stock market has one of the greatest potentials for profit. In the case of a long-term investment in index funds, for example, an average annual appreciation of between 8 % and 12 % can be expected (the average appreciation of the S&P 500, the most famous US index). However, it is necessary to wait several years for stable results. To see appreciation in a long-term portfolio, it is recommended to wait at least 12 years. This is because if a recession or a simple market correction comes, said portfolio can lose up to 50 % of its value in a year. But as history shows, markets do rise over the long term, and that is what long-term investors bet on, waiting for their capital to appreciate over time. But the market does not grow all the time. The market often changes price trends, and in some rare cases a long-term trend can reverse for up to several tens of months. This phenomenon, volatility, is attempted to be exploited by so-called speculators. A speculator is an investor who sells and buys in short periods of time and thus speculates on price movements. The speculator therefore needs a way to determine the likely behaviour of the price in the foreseeable future in order to make their trades profitable. The two main ways of analysing price behaviour are fundamental and technical analysis. And since fundamental analysis incorporates a large amount of diverse information into its predictions, this paper concentrates on working with technical analysis.

Designing a LiDAR topographic navigation system: A novel approach to aid the visually impaired

The WHO reports 2.2 billion people internationally have a form of visual impairment, with Perkins School of Blind adding that 4 to 8 percent (8.8 - 17.6 million people) solely rely on a white cane for navigation. In an interview by Stephen Yin for NPR, visually impaired interviewees claimed that a white cane was ineffective as it failed to detect moving obstacles (ex. bikes), aerial obstacles (ex. falling objects), and it became physically demanding after a prolonged period. This problem can be solved with a headset that integrates LiDAR technology and haptic feedback to provide a real-time assessment of their environment. Theoretically, the device will determine how far an object is from the user and place it into one of three conditionals based on distance (0- 290mm, 310-500mm, 510-1200mm). As the user gets closer to the object, the haptic will vibrate more frequently. The device has 11 LIDAR sensors, beetle processors, and ERM motors so that when the LiDAR detects an object, the device will send a haptic signal in that area. It not only identifies the existence of an object but it tells the user its relative position with a latency period of approximately 2 milliseconds. When testing the device, a simulated walking environment was made. Ten obstacles were included: five below the waist (72”, 28”, 35” and 8.5” tall sticks) and five above the waist (paper suspended 6”, 10”, 48” and 28” from the ceiling). The white cane detected 4.1 obstacles, whereas the device detected 7.3 on average. The LiDAR navigation system is 178% more effective at detecting objects comparatively. Visually impaired individuals no longer must rely on the white cane; rather, using this device, they can detect small, moving, and aerial objects at a much faster, and more accurate speed.

Evaluation of a fiber optic distributed temperature measurement system for a geothermal energy

As part of the European project GEOTHERMICA - ERA NET and in order to assess the capacity of heat storage in Switzerland, the Centre d'Hydrogéologie et de Géothermie de l'Université de Neuchâtel (CHYN) is taking part in the HEATSTORE project, launched in 2018. The latter is expected to lead to commercial heat storage projects in the near future in Geneva and Bern, in fractured aquifers. The evaluation of the geological characteristics of these aquifers is essential to understand the thermal energy transport processes of fractured aquifers. For this, it is necessary to be able to measure the temperature distribution along boreholes. Thus, the study focuses on the evaluation of a distributed temperature system (DTS) and its optical fiber in order to determine its operation, limits and potential for use in geothermal energy. Laboratory and field tests have been carried out that the water temperature deviation measurements, with a scan time of 30 s, are reliable at less than 0.5°C at +/-5 m over 500 m of fiber. For absolute temperature values, however, a bath and a reference probe must be used to recalculate the absolute temperature to within 0.5°C. The acquired data are essential for a broader understanding of the locations of fractured and karstified aquifers at Concise, allowing the system to be used to better understand the potential for water storage at a depth of 45°C at 35 m.

利用懸臂梁振動探討物體與黏滯流體交互作用力之關係

本實驗應用3D列印及機械機構設計簡諧運動機制,使懸臂梁(以鋁尺構成)與聚乙烯醇及水混合之黏性物質碰撞,以雷射位移計觀察和測量鋁尺振動波形的振幅,探討其週期振動。 實驗中,調整聚乙烯醇與水的混合比例改變其黏滯度,以單自由度運動方程式探討鋁尺於不同黏滯度下的運動行為,發現鋁尺黏滯時間、脫離黏膠的速度與聚乙烯醇的濃度呈正相關,代表可利用量測黏滯時間、脫離黏膠的速度推測物質的濃度。加速度因同時受時間、速度影響,不與聚乙烯醇濃度呈正相關。另外,以黏度計測量不同溫度、聚乙烯醇溶液濃度下的黏度,發現聚乙烯醇溶液在重量百分濃度15%至25%的區間中,濃度愈高、或溫度愈低的情況下,黏性愈強,且濃度高者隨溫度變化程度愈大。 此外,以快速傅立葉變換處理鋁尺在受不同黏滯度作用下的位移數據,發現位移波形為簡諧運動,其頻率由鋁尺共振的自然頻率組成,不因黏滯阻尼而改變。驅動以振動器試圖改變鋁尺振動頻率,發現鋁尺傾向振動的頻率為其自然頻率,符合以歐拉-伯努力方程式推導出的自然頻率。

探討不同型態的海底峽谷對底棲動物群聚結構的影響

深海複雜多變的環境因子塑造了多樣的生態棲地,海底峽谷便是其中之一。全球9000個海底峽谷涵蓋了大陸斜坡總面積的11.2%,其中有6個峽谷分佈在臺灣西南海域。本研究結合作者出海採得的樣本與國內海洋研究所的採樣資料,探究西南海域高屏與枋寮峽谷的生態結構。 本研究應用生態統計分析,發現兩峽谷的主要差異為沉積物來源、粒徑分佈與物理性擾動強度不同,使兩峽谷的生物密度隨深度變化趨勢截然相反,生物組成亦存在顯著差異。接著藉由建立模型分析,驗證環境擾動與食物量為形塑區域性生態結構的主導因素,結果發現環境擾動對生物的影響幅度大於食物量,並討論了峽谷地形作為天然實驗室的潛力及未來研究發展。

「噬」者生存—有絲分裂時,USP24的下降誘發細胞自噬,有利於基因體的穩定

抗藥性是癌症治療時的一大阻礙。如何解決癌症的抗藥問題是十分重要的議題。過去的研究指出在肺腺癌細胞株中USP24表現量在有絲分裂期間會明顯下降,但此現象之功能仍有待釐清。在本研究中,我們發現該現象會使TRAF6表現量下降,從而使Beclin-1表現量上升,進而誘發細胞自噬。另外,我們更發現了有絲分裂期的細胞自噬有助於減少DNA碎片,達到穩定基因體的功用。此外,在與抗藥細胞株比較時發現,上述誘發細胞自噬之現象在抗藥細胞株中明顯下降。因此,我們推斷在抗藥細胞株中有絲分裂期的USP24下降變少,細胞自噬被抑制,造成基因體不穩定,最後造成抗藥性的產生。綜上所述,我們的研究不只闡明了USP24的下降在有絲分裂期間是如何誘發細胞自噬,更說明了有絲分裂時的細胞自噬有助於基因體的穩定,從而在肺癌的治療中阻止癌症抗藥性的產生。

釉下光工程

釉藥為陶瓷藝術的核心呈現,本研究利用釉藥作為媒介,融合資訊工程的隨機森林演算法主題進行釉藥燒製後成果的預測。從陶藝釉藥的公開網站篩選釉藥配方及圖片色標建立數據庫,後續能進行未燒製前配方成果的模擬建模。 利用已發展千年的釉藥調製技術和材料,以塞格式、一維二元…常見調釉藥比例的方式,同時記錄大量釉藥數據庫,結合現代科技分析方法快速模擬成品樣貌,未來可應用於磁磚或是釉料產業的釉藥顏色矯正。 釉藥具有高度藝術及商業價值。本作品以東方傳統技藝結合現代機器學習的演算法。數據庫的建立用於結合眾多陶藝家製釉經驗,來達成預測釉燒後的釉色。故此作品的未來發展有極大的前瞻性。

建立檢測化學壓力新型模式生物-大生熊蟲實際應用與耐受機制探討

本研究是評估大生熊蟲( Macrobiotus sp.)檢測小白菜混合化學壓力的應用潛能。目前已建立大生熊蟲檢測實際環境化學壓力方法,若以正常活動樣本檢測化學壓力需24小時獲得結果;但乾燥隱生樣本則能在2小時內獲得檢測結果,每週檢測1次,至少可重複6次檢測,所以隱生大生熊蟲最適合在符合生物倫理準則之下檢測化學壓力。 探討大生熊蟲檢測實際化學壓力時耐受機制,發現大生熊蟲在小白菜萃取液隱生時,其100、50與40~50 kDa蛋白質單體表現量顯著增加,另外自乾燥隱生恢復活動時40~50 kDa單體表現量亦顯著提升,未來將以LC MS/MS分析其蛋白質種類與功能。藉由加熱實驗的總抗氧化能力數據確認大生熊蟲能以酵素與非酵素抗氧化系統對抗實際化學壓力,未來將探討對抗常見抗氧化物質的單一酵素活性。目前尚未成功分析大生熊蟲常見抗氧化基因表現量,本研究會持續改良設計出合適的primer與目標基因黏合,分析表現量。檢測其脂質含量則發現,大生熊蟲在實際化學壓力下隱生、乾燥隱生以及自隱生恢復活動階段體內脂質含量顯著增加。

奈米氧化鐵銅複合體應用於腫瘤協同治療

本研究結合奈米技術及生物醫學,創新以牛血清蛋白為載體,以一步法合成全新CuxFe3-xO4@BSA-IR780(CFO@BSA-IR780)多功奈米複合材料。材料鑑定由TEM、UV-Vis等儀器進行組成及性質分析。 材料中BSA賦予其優異水溶性;鐵離子有益在腫瘤觸發內源性H2O2產生活性極高的氫氧自由基,進行化學動力治療(CDT)。且光敏劑(IR780)讓材料呈紅色螢光,在近紅外光照射兼具光熱(PTT)與光動力治療(PDT)特性。 然而腫瘤內源性穀胱甘肽(GSH)過量會消除自由基,限制CDT/PDT效果。因此材料摻雜銅離子,藉氧化數變化增強療效。 後續更將CFO@BSA-IR780實際運用於细胞測試、螢光顯影與MRI檢測,確認低毒性、治療效果佳,並率先結合兩種診斷。成功發展具CDT、PDT、PTT及腫瘤顯影之多功奈米複合材料,以多種方式提升效率並降低傷害,提供醫學新興之藥物材料。