全國中小學科展

一等獎

五苯荑衍生物的多重螢光響應行為

本研究探討兩種五苯荑氟鏈取代衍生物(簡稱F5及F9)的刺激響應之特性及應用。F5及F9化合物粉末受到外力研磨以及蒸氣薰致時會產生力致螢光變色(Mechanochromism)及薰致螢光變色(Vapochromism)反應,我們選擇使用F5,利用放光光譜及PXRD對這兩種反應的機制進行探討。 再者,我們利用揮發法把F5及F9粉末製成晶體,以螢光顯微鏡照射340–390nm的紫外光,觀察F5及F9晶體的光致機械螢光變色(Photomechanofluorochromism)及F9晶體的光機械運動(Photomechanical effect),並利用放光光譜對其機制進行研究。 另外,我們將F5粉末長時間照射紫外光製備光二聚體(Photodimer),接著透過加熱使光二聚體熱回復回單體。再利用NMR測得各加熱時間下光二聚體與單體的比例,並由此推算出光二聚體熱回復性的反應速率常數。 此外,我們將F5混摻PEDOT:PSS,用drop-casting製成薄膜,觀察螢光變化,並討論其機制。 最後,我們結合力致螢光變色、薰致螢光變色和光致機械螢光變色,應用於多彩螢光繪圖。

探討以不同方向風力為動力的自製纜車用來運輸之可行性

作品延續2020全國科展特優作品「風再起時」,本組將橫流風扇改成鋁製扇葉…等多項改善;以3D列印設計機構本體,並組合塑膠齒輪做成纜車,自製類低速風洞,提高風速避免亂流,完成實驗;作品經5次改善,具備以下功能: 1. 可以順、逆風行走各方向吹來的風均可以利用。 2. 纜車可以控制正反向行走。 3. 可調整快慢速度,以節省時間。 4. 設定慢速行走時扭力增加,可負載重量。 5. 在無風情況下,可使用電動馬達驅動纜車行走。 6. 在無風無電力下,可旋轉搖柄帶動纜車。 7. 在故障及緊急情況時 ,可打空檔滑向下坡方向停靠站。 作品測試:分別以自製類風洞測試,與不同坡度實驗,施予不同方向強、弱風等實驗,結果顯示:纜車扇葉轉速與行走速度均有一致規律。荷重實驗:本體重652.8 g,可以荷重1.6 kg,速度達 0.12 cm/s。

A New Method For Microplastic Removal and Optical Measurement

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

A New Method For Microplastic Removal and Optical Measurement

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

平流層極地渦旋及北極震盪與區域極端寒冷事件之關係

本研究使用NOAA NECP Reanalysis Data 2000年~2020年冬季之緯向風、重力位高度場及其距平變化,探討北極震盪指數(AOI)、極地渦旋對北半球區域極端寒冷事件之關係。AOI與對流層300hPa北緯50~65度緯向平均之緯向風速變動關係較顯著,而與平流層(50hPa)極地渦旋的緯向風速變動僅呈現中度正相關。在太平洋區中,極端寒冷事件發生在AO負相位的比例最高,不過,極端寒冷事件不必然僅發生在AO負相位的大氣條件下,而是與極區的重力位高度場變動有關,且可能發生延遲影響。當極區平流層(50hPa~100hPa)或極區對流層(300hPa~500hPa)的週平均重力位高度距平值明顯上升,代表極地渦旋發生變化,大多有伴隨有極端寒冷事件的出現,即使處於AO正相位的情況亦然,本文對於區域極端寒冷天氣事件之重力位高度場特徵做歸納與說明。

Application of Technical Analysis to the Stock Market

Money drives the world and in times of crisis, money is more important than ever. Most political, economic and, as we have seen recently, health crises are accompanied by pressure on the economy. With such pressure, ordinary citizens are worried about their money, which is at risk either from inflation or from an uncertain economic outlook. In such times, some people resort to appreciating their money by investing. It is wise investments that can protect savings from inflation, or at least mitigate the effects of inflation. Investing in the stock market is among the most popular ways of investing. During the global coronavirus crisis, the number of small investors more than doubled (Galik and Brody [2022]), and in 2021, Covid (new) investors accounted for 15 % of investors in the U.S. market (Schwab [2021]). It is this phenomenon that inspired the author to write this paper. Investing in the stock market is one of the riskiest forms of investment, which means that there is a high probability of losing the originally invested capital. Some companies that allow retail investors to invest state that more than 90 % of their users lose their capital when investing in the stock market. On the other hand, investing in the stock market has one of the greatest potentials for profit. In the case of a long-term investment in index funds, for example, an average annual appreciation of between 8 % and 12 % can be expected (the average appreciation of the S&P 500, the most famous US index). However, it is necessary to wait several years for stable results. To see appreciation in a long-term portfolio, it is recommended to wait at least 12 years. This is because if a recession or a simple market correction comes, said portfolio can lose up to 50 % of its value in a year. But as history shows, markets do rise over the long term, and that is what long-term investors bet on, waiting for their capital to appreciate over time. But the market does not grow all the time. The market often changes price trends, and in some rare cases a long-term trend can reverse for up to several tens of months. This phenomenon, volatility, is attempted to be exploited by so-called speculators. A speculator is an investor who sells and buys in short periods of time and thus speculates on price movements. The speculator therefore needs a way to determine the likely behaviour of the price in the foreseeable future in order to make their trades profitable. The two main ways of analysing price behaviour are fundamental and technical analysis. And since fundamental analysis incorporates a large amount of diverse information into its predictions, this paper concentrates on working with technical analysis.

單低谷型磁暴事件先兆之分析

磁暴是地球磁場的劇烈擾動現象。由於強烈磁暴可能對人造衛星、地面電力系統的穩定性帶來損害,因此了解磁暴事件的機制十分重要。本研究利用 OMNI 資料庫中的地磁指數與行星際磁場南北向分量、太陽風動壓、太陽風風速、質子密度等物理量觀測資料,分析太陽週期 22 至 24 期間的單低谷型磁暴事件,此類型事件佔總分析期間磁暴事件的近五成。首先磁暴事件數量比例大致隨強度增強而遞減;不過安靜期也有較強烈的事件發生。接著分析各物理量與事件強度的相關性,其中行星際磁場南向分量、太陽風動壓相關係數分別達 0.80 和 0.64,推論可做為磁暴先兆的依據。因此分別建立太陽週期 22、23 及太陽週期 24 之行星際磁場南向分量、太陽風動壓對事件強度的經驗關係式,並據此計算行星際磁場南向分量對應的事件強度門檻值。目前逐步比對太陽週期 25 的磁暴事件,推論以太陽週期 24 的經驗式得出的門檻值,可能較適用目前太陽週期 25發生的磁暴事件。

以類器官為轉譯研究模式探究乳癌標靶藥引發腸道副作用之機制與對應策略

本研究以腸道類器官(organoid)模擬體內環境,分析乳癌標靶藥物Lapatinib與Tucatinib對腸道產生副作用的差異。Lapatinib明顯抑制ileum及colon organoid的形成,其IC50低於Tucatinib約1000倍。其中Lapatinib特別對adult type organoid較具明顯抑制作用,顯示影響腸道上皮細胞的分化功能。以RNA seq 與Ingenuity pathway Analysis分析藥物對organoid中轉錄體表現的影響,Lapatinib 在colon organoid中增加腸道發炎、葡萄糖代謝異常、氯離子外流等基因群的表現,並降低crypt發展的基因群。其中,Lapatinib藉由增加Glut3的表現提高organoid對葡萄糖的吸收,此作用受到L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)抑制,亦增加GABA receptor 提高氯離子外流,顯示代謝與電解質失衡及發炎作用可能為lapatinib造成腹瀉的主因之一。以3D organoid為可信賴的轉譯研究模式,我們發現同屬HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor的Lapatinib與Tucatinib對腸道功能產生迥然不同的影響,並發現合併使用Glut3 inhibitor或GABA receptor antagonist可能可成為減緩Lapatinib副作用的對應策略。

以隨機噪音生成技術為基礎的驗證碼對抗式攻擊防禦機制

網路上常常會使用驗證碼(CAPTCHA)防止自動化程序取得網站資源,而一般而言,若驗證碼是可以輕易取得,十分容易被深度學習網路破解。然而,對抗式攻擊(adversarial attack)可以騙過許多深度學習網路。因此,本研究目的為建立能夠破解對抗式攻擊的深度學習網路。主要包含三個部分:建立Captcha breaker、使用對抗式攻擊影響breaker、防禦對抗式攻擊。Captcha breaker的部份使用模擬的目標驗證碼作為訓練資料,以解決訓練資料不足以及人工標籤的問題;而破解adversarial attack會使用adversarial training以及random noising的技術進行。

國、高中階段對於漢字辨識歷程之認知與發展

本實驗藉由操控目標字鄰群大小及是否最高頻兩項變因,研究國、高中生在是否具有「聲旁規則性」與「鄰群發音一致性」的情況下,兩群漢字的辨識歷程,由實驗可知: 一、 國、高中生對於具有「聲旁規則性」及「鄰群發音一致性」,與不具有「聲旁規則性」及「鄰群發音一致性」兩種情況下的漢字辨識歷程中,大鄰群目標字的辨識時間較小鄰群目標字長,即「大鄰群」因素在其漢字辨識歷程中產生了「抑制作用」。 二、 本實驗中,「非最高頻」鄰群目標字的辨識時間較「最高頻」鄰群目標字長。即「最高頻」因素在國、高中階段的漢字辨識歷程中未產生「抑制作用」。 三、 國、高中階段受試者雖皆呈現出「大鄰群」的「抑制作用」且未顯示「最高頻」因素的「抑制作用」,但兩者相較之下,可由Naming之實驗發現,高中生的漢字辨識歷程已更趨近於成人。