一等獎

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

本實驗藉由操控目標字鄰群大小及是否最高頻兩項變因，研究國、高中生在是否具有「聲旁規則性」與「鄰群發音一致性」的情況下，兩群漢字的辨識歷程，由實驗可知： 一、 國、高中生對於具有「聲旁規則性」及「鄰群發音一致性」，與不具有「聲旁規則性」及「鄰群發音一致性」兩種情況下的漢字辨識歷程中，大鄰群目標字的辨識時間較小鄰群目標字長，即「大鄰群」因素在其漢字辨識歷程中產生了「抑制作用」。 二、 本實驗中，「非最高頻」鄰群目標字的辨識時間較「最高頻」鄰群目標字長。即「最高頻」因素在國、高中階段的漢字辨識歷程中未產生「抑制作用」。 三、 國、高中階段受試者雖皆呈現出「大鄰群」的「抑制作用」且未顯示「最高頻」因素的「抑制作用」，但兩者相較之下，可由Naming之實驗發現，高中生的漢字辨識歷程已更趨近於成人。

Originally, the Tesla transformer was developed to transmit energy and messages wirelessly. But it did not prove itself for either of these applications, so today it is only used for research purposes. Over time, the Tesla transformer has evolved and improved. Today it is possible with Tesla transformers to generate powerful and highly precise controlled discharges. During operation, impressive high-voltage discharges occur at the transformer. A tesla transformer is basically a high voltage generator that achieves a voltage boost by using two magnetically coupled LC series resonant circuits of the same resonant frequency. The Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla Coil (DRSSTC) built in this work has a high power IGBT half bridge module to excite the primary resonant circuit at the resonant frequency. The IGBTs are driven in such a way that audible pressure waves, and therefore music, are generated by the electrical discharges at the high voltage electrode. Within the scope of this work were the following two questions: - How is a DRSSTC designed and built? The DRSSTC system realized in this work is about 80 cm high and reaches about one-meter-long discharges. The design, development, and construction of the transformer are documented in detail and extensively in this thesis. - How does one measure an electrical voltage of 200,000 V, which changes sign more than 100,000 times per second? Two approaches have been taken to measure the voltages. Derived from the energy balance of an ideal capacitor and an ideal coil, a secondary voltage of about 200 kV was calculated via secondary current measurement. The second approach uses a voltage measurement via an in-house developed measuring electrode and a calculated divider ratio between the measured voltage and the secondary voltage. A relatively unrealistic secondary voltage of about 750 kV was measured since the divider ratio depends on approximate values. Nevertheless, the measuring electrode can be used for investigations of the voltage curve, or the divider ratio can be calibrated via the secondary current measurement. The development of such a transformer laid the foundation for much further research and scientific analysis.

Originally, the Tesla transformer was developed to transmit energy and messages wirelessly. But it did not prove itself for either of these applications, so today it is only used for research purposes. Over time, the Tesla transformer has evolved and improved. Today it is possible with Tesla transformers to generate powerful and highly precise controlled discharges. During operation, impressive high-voltage discharges occur at the transformer. A tesla transformer is basically a high voltage generator that achieves a voltage boost by using two magnetically coupled LC series resonant circuits of the same resonant frequency. The Dual Resonant Solid State Tesla Coil (DRSSTC) built in this work has a high power IGBT half bridge module to excite the primary resonant circuit at the resonant frequency. The IGBTs are driven in such a way that audible pressure waves, and therefore music, are generated by the electrical discharges at the high voltage electrode. Within the scope of this work were the following two questions: - How is a DRSSTC designed and built? The DRSSTC system realized in this work is about 80 cm high and reaches about one-meter-long discharges. The design, development, and construction of the transformer are documented in detail and extensively in this thesis. - How does one measure an electrical voltage of 200,000 V, which changes sign more than 100,000 times per second? Two approaches have been taken to measure the voltages. Derived from the energy balance of an ideal capacitor and an ideal coil, a secondary voltage of about 200 kV was calculated via secondary current measurement. The second approach uses a voltage measurement via an in-house developed measuring electrode and a calculated divider ratio between the measured voltage and the secondary voltage. A relatively unrealistic secondary voltage of about 750 kV was measured since the divider ratio depends on approximate values. Nevertheless, the measuring electrode can be used for investigations of the voltage curve, or the divider ratio can be calibrated via the secondary current measurement. The development of such a transformer laid the foundation for much further research and scientific analysis.

網路上常常會使用驗證碼(CAPTCHA)防止自動化程序取得網站資源，而一般而言，若驗證碼是可以輕易取得，十分容易被深度學習網路破解。然而，對抗式攻擊(adversarial attack)可以騙過許多深度學習網路。因此，本研究目的為建立能夠破解對抗式攻擊的深度學習網路。主要包含三個部分：建立Captcha breaker、使用對抗式攻擊影響breaker、防禦對抗式攻擊。Captcha breaker的部份使用模擬的目標驗證碼作為訓練資料，以解決訓練資料不足以及人工標籤的問題；而破解adversarial attack會使用adversarial training以及random noising的技術進行。

本研究以腸道類器官(organoid)模擬體內環境，分析乳癌標靶藥物Lapatinib與Tucatinib對腸道產生副作用的差異。Lapatinib明顯抑制ileum及colon organoid的形成，其IC50低於Tucatinib約1000倍。其中Lapatinib特別對adult type organoid較具明顯抑制作用，顯示影響腸道上皮細胞的分化功能。以RNA seq 與Ingenuity pathway Analysis分析藥物對organoid中轉錄體表現的影響，Lapatinib 在colon organoid中增加腸道發炎、葡萄糖代謝異常、氯離子外流等基因群的表現，並降低crypt發展的基因群。其中，Lapatinib藉由增加Glut3的表現提高organoid對葡萄糖的吸收，此作用受到L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)抑制，亦增加GABA receptor 提高氯離子外流，顯示代謝與電解質失衡及發炎作用可能為lapatinib造成腹瀉的主因之一。以3D organoid為可信賴的轉譯研究模式，我們發現同屬HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor的Lapatinib與Tucatinib對腸道功能產生迥然不同的影響，並發現合併使用Glut3 inhibitor或GABA receptor antagonist可能可成為減緩Lapatinib副作用的對應策略。

Microplastics are tiny invisible plastic pieces that are piling up in the marine environment emerging as one of the many environmental issues which our planet is facing today. Researches for the removal of these particles are important because studies that have been made so far haven't come up with an effective solution. This project aimed to detect microplastics and remove them from aqueous environments with an effective and practical method then it was aimed to determine the removal amount of microplastics by optical measurements with the developed system. Firstly, the magnetic carbonanotubes (m-CNT) which is intended to hold onto the surfaces of microplastics was synthesized and added to the mixture of microplastics. Then the magnet within a glass tube was passed through the mixture and the sample was cleared of microplastics. A spectrometer was made to monitor this process and after its calibration, it was used to measure coffees with different concentrations. It has been shown that their concentrations can be determined by calculating the transmission values and Rayleigh scattering. In the end, it has shown that there are no micro or nano-sized plastic particles when removed with M-CNT, within the accountable range of the spectrometer that had been made. Hence the removal of the microplastics: an invisible threat for the environment has been studied by combining nanomaterials with unique surface properties in the removal process and an optical principle such as Rayleigh scattering, a new technique has been developed that can measure quickly, economically,

磁暴是地球磁場的劇烈擾動現象。由於強烈磁暴可能對人造衛星、地面電力系統的穩定性帶來損害，因此了解磁暴事件的機制十分重要。本研究利用 OMNI 資料庫中的地磁指數與行星際磁場南北向分量、太陽風動壓、太陽風風速、質子密度等物理量觀測資料，分析太陽週期 22 至 24 期間的單低谷型磁暴事件，此類型事件佔總分析期間磁暴事件的近五成。首先磁暴事件數量比例大致隨強度增強而遞減；不過安靜期也有較強烈的事件發生。接著分析各物理量與事件強度的相關性，其中行星際磁場南向分量、太陽風動壓相關係數分別達 0.80 和 0.64，推論可做為磁暴先兆的依據。因此分別建立太陽週期 22、23 及太陽週期 24 之行星際磁場南向分量、太陽風動壓對事件強度的經驗關係式，並據此計算行星際磁場南向分量對應的事件強度門檻值。目前逐步比對太陽週期 25 的磁暴事件，推論以太陽週期 24 的經驗式得出的門檻值，可能較適用目前太陽週期 25發生的磁暴事件。

本研究使用NOAA NECP Reanalysis Data 2000年~2020年冬季之緯向風、重力位高度場及其距平變化，探討北極震盪指數(AOI)、極地渦旋對北半球區域極端寒冷事件之關係。AOI與對流層300hPa北緯50~65度緯向平均之緯向風速變動關係較顯著，而與平流層(50hPa)極地渦旋的緯向風速變動僅呈現中度正相關。在太平洋區中，極端寒冷事件發生在AO負相位的比例最高，不過，極端寒冷事件不必然僅發生在AO負相位的大氣條件下，而是與極區的重力位高度場變動有關，且可能發生延遲影響。當極區平流層(50hPa~100hPa)或極區對流層(300hPa~500hPa)的週平均重力位高度距平值明顯上升，代表極地渦旋發生變化，大多有伴隨有極端寒冷事件的出現，即使處於AO正相位的情況亦然，本文對於區域極端寒冷天氣事件之重力位高度場特徵做歸納與說明。

聚乳酸(PLA)為廣泛應用於冷飲杯之生物可分解材料。然而，在自然條件下完全降解PLA需至少80年。本研究可達到快速回收並即時轉化為高值化產品的目標。 本研究欲將廢棄PLA應用於Vitrimer的合成。第一階段實驗使用有機催化劑PLADEG醇解回收PLA，探討溫度、催化劑濃度、雙醇種類對降解效率的影響，並與其他研究的催化劑效果比較。實驗結果顯示：以莫耳數比例rPLA: diol：催化劑 = 1 : 6.45 : 0.25，在140°C時，30分鐘即可完全降解PLA。且減壓蒸餾所回收之雙醇與催化劑仍能用於另一批次rPLA之降解。 第二階段實驗以降解得到之乳酸雙醇合成類玻璃高分子。合成方法的第一途徑為利用乳酸雙醇、丙交酯、季戊四醇先進行預聚合，再利用雙異氰酸酯作為鏈延長劑。第二途徑則是加入丁二酸、季戊四醇先行縮合聚合，同樣再利用雙異氰酸酯作為鏈延長劑，探討反應過程。