全國中小學科展

二等獎

旋轉的力量–離心力抽水機與其變因對抽水效率的影響

此研究是關於一個離心力抽水機的理論建模和實驗設計,我探討了此抽水機的流量與出口流速、分別影響了時間內抽出水量或抽水落地的位置。在初步的實驗觀察中、我發現抽水時的不同流況以及其影響,並且用定性解釋去描述它的邊界條件。在我流量的理論建模中,我考慮了基本的離心力與重力、雖然這兩種力描述了水的運動、但無法用來預測流量。我再加入白努力方程式來計算壓差、並充分的考慮摩擦阻力在紊流情況和水管材質。之後我利用F=ma推導水受合力的情況、考慮離心力、重力與摩擦阻力能到出口流速的預測。最後將理論裡實驗比較、結果非常相似。我利用3D列印改變6種抽水機的變因,將每項的結果與理論比較、並分析其誤差的原因。最後利用先前的結論能夠的設計一個可客製化與最佳化的離心力抽水機。

降脂轉肌–將脂肪轉變成肌肉的可能性探討

先前研究發現一種多元不飽和脂肪酸 15-keto-PGE2 能減少肌肉慢性發炎以及增加肌肉生長因子胰島素的敏感性,具有增加肌肉的潛力。我們探討此脂肪酸在小鼠中將脂肪組織轉成肌肉組織的可能性。 我們先以 15-keto-PGE2 治療肥胖型肌少症小鼠後,再以全基因組mRNA定序,發現在小鼠皮下脂肪中,肌肉特異基因表現量高度上升。透過基因表現路徑分析軟體 GSEA證實此脂肪酸會高度引發皮下脂肪中,與肌肉分化、肌肉收縮與肌肉結構相關的生物路徑。另外, 15-keto-PGE2 也可以誘導脂肪前驅細胞3T3-L1中與肌肉生成相關的基因表現。 最後,我們發現以 15-keto-PGE2 治療的老年肥胖型肌少症小鼠,體重、血糖、脂肪比例下降,肌肉質量及力量上升,證實了它在體內同時減少脂肪並增加肌肉量的效果。

Exploring the Potential of Pachyrizus Erosus-Derived Calcium as an Affordable Nutritional Solution for Lactose Intolerance

An exploration of Pachyrhizus erosus as an option for plant-based milk in the 印尼n market for people with lactose intolerance. With its prevalence in tropical climates, Pachyrhizus erosus is an affordable crop in 印尼. Pachyrhizus erosus is a root vegetable containing a calcium content of 15.6 mg per cup (130g) in its unprocessed form, concentrated in its white flesh. Based on its affordability and calcium content, Pachyrhizus erosus can be transformed into a beverage product with nutritional qualities on par with existing plant-based milk, therefore being a solution for calcium sustenance that is more accessible due to its high capability to be locally grown in 印尼. However, this may be a partial case as Pachyrhizus erosus only thrives in regions with long warm seasons. In this research, three trials of Pachyrhizus erosus-based milk recipe have been conducted Trial 1 consists of a 1:1 ratio of Pachyrhizus erosus to water, Trial 2 consists of a 2:1 ratio of Pachyrhizus erosus to water, and Trial 3 consisting of a 10:10:1 ratio of Pachyrhizus erosus to water, and to a small amount of soybean. Based on the results of 14 organoleptic test respondents, it is concluded that the best ratio of ingredients is 10:10:1 (water: Pachyrhizus erosus: soybean) due to an overall preference of the third trial with this ratio, in terms of taste, aroma, color, and consistency. Pachyrhizus erosus is the dominant ingredient in developing alternate plant-based milk. However, findings from the most preferred trial in the organoleptic test suggest that implementing a minor amount of soybean would stabilize the milk-like consistency and flavor. Pachyrhizus erosus’ ability to retain calcium in its water content has been additionally proven in a calcium test using a reagent solution of ammonium oxalate, as even with the trials’ step of straining the liquid content of Pachyrhizus erosus that had been blended with added water, all three trials tested positive based on the high level of the precipitate. Other tests that tackle the quality of each trial include In Silico Testing, biuret protein test, alcohol test, COB test, and pH level testing.

「梅」來演趣—探討台灣梅雨季之大氣流型演變與模擬

為了解台灣梅雨季的氣候特徵,本研究分析了2009至2024年間五、六月的降雨、風場流型及大氣環境。結果顯示,東北部冬季多雨,而西部地區則自五月梅雨季開始進入雨季,台灣的降雨區域逐漸南移,顯示大氣環境在此期間發生變化。我們分析了16年間的風場情形,歸納出7種單一風向流型及2種過渡流型,並整合其趨勢。我們發現,梅雨季期間,寒冷流型的出現頻率逐漸減少,而溫暖流型在夏季成為主流,不同流型之間的轉變具趨勢性。整合降雨資料後,結果顯示盛行風、低壓帶、地形效應與過渡流型對降雨有顯著影響,且發現致災性梅雨的發生條件。最後,本研究設計模擬裝置,利用不同密度的海藻酸鈉溶液與台灣模型,可模擬出符合本研究歸納的流型。

克雷伯氏肺炎菌莢膜型K47菌株之噬菌體分離及其莢膜多醣分解酶表現

克雷伯氏肺炎菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)近年來於亞洲盛行,其除了傷害健康外,亦對於醫療經濟造成一定程度的影響。隨著時間發展,此細菌也逐漸獲得了抗藥性,使早期使用之抗生素不再有效,因此,尋找治療此疾病的替代療法成為近年來持續被關注的議題。由於其對細菌具高度專一性,噬菌體之莢膜多醣分解酶被認為極具開發抗生素替代療法之潛力。 本研究陸續於污水中分離純化出1212P2、H-P7、H-P8、0505P5、0505P6、05052P5、0505Kp3等噬菌體,並藉由一系列實驗,篩選出可能具有莢膜多醣分解酶的噬菌體。最後將候選噬菌體1212P2、0505Kp3進行全基因定序。 未來,將進行全基因序列分析,若成功比對並找到具有莢膜多醣分解酶潛力之基因,我們將對其加以表現並測試活性。並進一步進行體內試驗檢驗此噬菌體或其莢膜多醣分解酶的效力,探討其是否能作為開發藥物的工具,為對抗克雷伯氏肺炎菌盡一份努力。

HandExo

Stroke is a very common disease, almost a national disease. In terms of stroke frequency, 匈牙利 ranks second in the world. Every year, 40-50 thousand people become paralyzed or permanently injured as a result of cerebrovascular disorders. This number is three to four times higher than in developed countries. Almost every Hungarian family is affected! Of course, saving the life of someone who has a stroke is the most important thing, but rehabilitation is also very important, since only with the help of a physiotherapist will the patient be able to live a full life.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A CANSAT PICOSATELLITE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

This paper describes a power-profile-based approach to CanSat picosatellite energy usage estimation. We measured the power profile of individual CanSat components on a test bench. The collected data was used to create a power consumption model for a simple flight control algorithm. The power consumption model was implemented in Python programming language and was used to simulate the CanSat flight. The simulation results were compared with the measured power profile of a fully integrated CanSat running the same flight control algorithm. The model showed an error of 2.2% and proved to be suitable for use in battery capacity optimization.

Whose feather is that? A cross-views between a naturalist and a molecular biologist

Identifyingthespeciesorsexofabirdbasedonafeatherfoundinnatureisoftenchallenging,evenwith the help of reference books. However, determining the presence of a rare species in a habitat using an indirectpresenceindicator,suchasafeather,canhelpinimplementingspecificmeasuresforpreserving the species. The aim of this study is to investigate whether DNAgenotyping is better than specialized books when identifying bird feathers. Toanswerthisquestion,Icollectedfeathersinthewildand,withthehelpoftwobooks,triedtoidentify theirspeciesandsex.Then,assistedbyDrGwenaëlJacob(UNIFR),Iisolatedtwogenesinnineselected feathers. The investigated genes were the CHD gene for sexing and the COI gene for species identification.Todothis,theDNAwasfirstextractedfromthefeathers,purified,andamplifiedbyPCR. Subsequently,anelectrophoresis wasperformedtosexthe samples andcheckthatthe PCRamplification hadworkedproperly.Finally,thesamplesweresequencedbytheMicrosynthlaboratory(St-Gall),and the obtained sequences were entered into the NCBI database. Acomparisonoftheresultsobtainedwitheachofthetwodifferentmethodsshowsthattheidentification with specialized books was fairly successful. 56% of the species identification made with the books were indeed confirmed by genotyping. DNAanalysis provided a different result only for feather #16. However,33%ofgeneticidentificationfailed,eitherduetogeneticmaterialqualityorlaboratoryerrors. Asitwaspossibletoidentifythesexofonlyonesample(feather#14)withthebooks,itwasnotpossible tomakeatruecomparisonofthetwoapproaches.However,asgeneticsexingworkedwell(onefailure, feather #28), it can be inferred that genetic sexing is more effective than using books. This work demonstrated that DNAis not infallible and that sometimes books are equally effective in identifyingbirdspeciesfromafeather.However,insexingbird,DNAremainsmoreefficient.Thus,one can conclude that DNAgenotyping is not superior but rather complementary to specialized books for identifying bird feathers.

EIPCA : Electrocardiogram Interpretation Pattern for Cardiovascular Abnormalities Prediction

Cardiac Arrhythmia is one of the conditions in the group of heart and blood vessel diseases that can lead to sudden cardiac arrest (sudden death) and other conditions if not diagnosed quickly and accurately. According to research, heart and blood vessel diseases are the most common diseases and have a mortality rate of one-half of all non-communicable diseases. According to WHO statistics in 2012, it was found that there were 7.4 million deaths from heart and blood vessel diseases, and in 2017, the number of deaths increased to 177 million people, or about 94,444 people per day. Diagnosis of heart and blood vessel diseases can be done by measuring the electrical activity of the heart, and after the examination, a specialized physician will read and analyze the graph to find abnormal patterns. Currently, the shortage of qualified heart specialists to read the graph and screen for heart disease is a medical position shortage, which requires transferring data to hospitals with specialists, resulting in delays in diagnosis and treatment and even death. The project "EIPCA: Electrocardiogram Interpretation Pattern for Cardiovascular Abnormalities prediction" is an application program that assists in screening for fatal diseases that arise from abnormal heart rhythm. It employs artificial intelligence to aid in the screening and analysis of the electrical waveforms generated by an ECG machine, thus reducing diagnosis time and addressing the shortage of cardiology experts. EIPCA is comprised of two systems: (1) a system for screening and analyzing ECG waveforms using artificial intelligence to solve the problem of a shortage of specialized cardiology physicians, and (2) a system for risk assessment of fatal diseases by analyzing the ECG waveform data. The target group of the project is Rural hospitals, as well as health-related agencies. The project team hopes that the development of this project will significantly improve the efficiency and speed of screening for heart-related diseases, ultimately reducing the mortality rate from these diseases in the future.

Fabrication of Highly Efficient and Cost-effective Tandem Dye-sensitized Solar Cells for Building Integrated Photovoltaics

In recent years, there has been an extreme rise in population and economic development, which requires a great demand for energy worldwide. Global energy consumption has been increasing nearly every year for over half a century [1]; it is rapidly rising in the form of nonrenewable energy, such as coal, oil, natural gas, and fossil fuel. Fossil fuel overreliance has resulted in a dramatic rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations.