全國中小學科展

四等獎

Experimental Study on Optimal CADR Filter Thickness of Air Purifiers

美國環保署指出美國民眾 90%的時間待在室內,人們常用空氣清淨機改善不良的室內空氣品質,所以空氣清淨機效能對於健康影響至關重要。市面空氣清淨機常宣稱使用 HEPA濾材,但其厚度未必是理想的乾淨空氣輸送率(CADR)。目前僅有最佳CADR濾材厚度的理論,尚未有實驗資料佐證。本研究以實驗方式研析濾材厚度與最佳 CADR 厚度之關係。實驗使用自製空氣清淨機含離心風扇和不同厚度之濾材,測試四種濾材品牌及四種風扇功率,以 SMPS 測量上游及下游顆粒濃度來判定過濾效率,用單通法計算 CADR。結果顯示,隨著濾材厚度增加過濾效率與CADR 提升,但超過最佳濾材厚度後,厚度增加反而造成 CADR 降低。最佳 CADR 濾材厚度約出現在 0.1 微米顆粒有約 20-40%過濾效率時。若以最易穿透粒徑為參考點,則過濾效率約在 10- 30%。欲發揮空氣清淨機最大效益並延長使用期限,濾材厚度應約略小於最佳 CADR 濾材厚度。

Utilization of Coffee Protein and its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties for Biodegradable Active Packaging Membranes

隨著全球咖啡市場擴大,永續的咖啡生產成為必須探討的議題。咖啡生產過程中會產生大量富含蛋白質與抑菌成分的副產物和廢棄物,有潛力可做為膠膜和塗層的原料。本研究從生咖啡豆中萃取出粗蛋白質,將其與海藻酸鈉混合烘乾成膠膜,再進行抑菌與水果保鮮和水蒸氣阻隔測試。 由結果得知:咖啡豆蛋白膠膜液對大腸桿菌有抑制生長的效果。沒封膜的蘋果切片失水率 12.72%,有膠膜封口的失水率在 6.84%~8.47%,比沒封膜的失水率降低 46.5%~33.1%,顯示膠膜保水性佳,可提高保鮮效果。微波加熱試驗沒封膜的水蒸氣散失率為 2.45%,膠膜試驗組中最 低為 0.15%,比沒封膜的散失率降低 93%,顯示具有良好的水蒸氣阻隔性。 本研究結果顯示咖啡豆蛋白質膠膜有抑制大腸桿菌生長的效果和良好的氣體阻隔性,可作為可生物降解的食品包裝材料,以替代傳統保鮮膜,有助於減少環境污染。

探討鐵鎳合金催化劑對電解產氫之影響

目前大部分電解產氫反應(HER)均使用貴金屬,如鉑和鈀,作為催化劑。而我們提出了更便宜的 FexNiyP 金屬磷化物用於經濟製氫。在催化劑的製備中採用不同的化學成分(x/y 比例)和合成條件(氧化溫度)。並將合成樣品通過掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)、能量色散 X射線光譜(EDS)和 X光繞射儀(XRD)進行了鑑定,以確認其形態、成分和晶體結構。再通過線性掃描伏安法(LSV)測試了它們的 HER催化效率。實驗結果發現,磷化程度強烈影響催化性能,且可以通過合成條件來適當調整,而 250° C是最佳氧化溫度。此外,電化學測試顯示,FeP 啟動反應所需之能量最低,具有最低的過電位(overpotential);而 NiP 反應路徑最佳,具有最低的塔菲爾斜率(Tafel slope)。我們的結果解決了 HER的反應機構,並對氫燃料生產的發展提供了有用信息。

SAFE_MEDICATION - A STUDY OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO RECOGNISE MEDICATION ERRORS

Medication errors in patients are a global problem. They can negatively affect patients and be costly for hospitals and medical clinics. In 2021, a 28-year-old man with heart problems was admitted to a hospital in Porto Alegre. Due to a pharmacy error and insufficient monitoring in the administration, he received a dose 10 times higher than prescribed. This caused serious and probably irreversible damage to the patient. Reading the news and following the case in the media has encouraged research in scientific databases, searching for information and data on medication errors, as well as emerging technologies to reduce the occurrence of adverse medication events. Based on the findings of an English study that proved that errors occur at the drug prescription stage, the first stage of this research focused on drug dosage errors. The aim of this study is to develop an application based on artificial intelligence that can recognise these errors and help prevent them. The application uses a neural network to analyse prescriptions and warn of possible cases of incorrect dosage. The computer program was developed using a neural network and the drug dosage error recognition system using Python and Keras. The system was trained with 10 drugs and correct and incorrect dosage cases. A graphical interface was created to input and display new case data. Neural networks with different configurations were tested to obtain high accuracy with the training and validation data. A confusion matrix was used to assess the accuracy of the network for cases not used for training. The accuracy was approximately 96%, but problems were found in certain intervals. The errors are due to the need for more training, higher processing capacity and a cloud server. The results of the first stage of the research indicate the feasibility of using a neural network to recognise medication dosage errors and thus preventing the associated risks. Such a method could prevent cases like the one in Porto Alegre. Future studies could incorporate more types of drugs, allergies, drug interactions, pre-existing illnesses and other relevant factors into the system.

布洛卡點的定義擴充與存在之充要條件探討

將平面上A1A2A3的三邊以逆(順)時針方向向內旋轉相同角度後,若三線交於一點,則稱該點為此三角形的正(負)布洛卡點。任意三角形必定同時存在正、負布洛卡點[5],我們的研究主要是推廣布洛卡點的定義到所有的折線多邊形,並進一步研究布洛卡折線多邊形的充要條件與性質。我們定義調和多邊形為正多邊形的反形,並統整出其與特定條件下的圓內接多邊形互為充要的性質,進而發現了圓內接布洛卡多邊形與調和多邊形之間的充要關係,這是目前中外文獻中沒有的。最後,我們試著利用中垂面與垂面將布洛卡點推廣到三維空間。

In silico Screening of Forty Antiviral Phytochemicals as Inhibitors to the Envelope Protein of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 (DENV-2)

Infections by the Dengue virus (DENV) cause a disease amonghumansreferred to as Dengue fever, which causes thousands of fatalities globally. There is no existing treatment as of yet that successfully targets DENV. Among the factors thatdeterminetheentry of the virus and severity of the disease is the envelope(E) protein of DENV. This study aimed to examine forty antiviral phytochemicals enumeratedinpaststudiesaspossibleinhibitorstotheEprotein of DENV to provide candidates to aid in drug discovery against DENV. The phytochemicals were screened for their likelihood of inhibition of the E protein using AutoDock Suite and LigPlot+. Seven phytochemicals produced favorable binding affinities to the E protein, which are based on the interactions between the phytochemicals and amino acidsintheactivesiteoftheEprotein.Lipinski’s rule of 5 was then used to screen the seven phytochemicals for oral bioavailability. Glabridin has a binding affinity of -7.6 kcal/mol and was predicted to be orally bioavailable. This phytochemical interacts with amino acids in the E protein active site through hydrogen bonds to Asn355, andPhe337, as well as ten hydrophobic interactions. These interactions ensure that glabridin is able to specifically target and fit intotheactivesiteoftheEprotein, preventing its binding to the host cell and activating its viral proliferation. Glabridin is known to be found in the roots of licorice plants, providing anatural source for a possible cure for Dengue fever.

以數據驅動方式探究類星體於可見光與無線電光譜之性質關聯

通過 LOFAR望遠鏡與斯隆數位巡天計畫之資料釋出,我們得以在大量、清晰的資料庫中發掘許多天體的特殊性質。本研究結合兩個大型研究計劃的無線電波源目錄與類星體光學目錄,分析 LOFAR-detected類星體在可見光觀測上與其他類星體的光譜性質差異,利用決策樹與相關的集成學習模型建立對於缺乏無線電紀錄之類星體的光學資料分類模型,並期望在未來驗證學界目前對於類星體產生無線電原理的各種假說。

Study on acoustic wave and disturbances in thermal flow fields

本篇研究說明了不同週期波對於熱流場與火焰搖擺之相關原理與運動觀察。實驗中運用了重低音音響去進行週期波的擾動,而我們也從中觀測到許多現象, 如:火焰的週期性搖擺、共振等等。此外,研究包含了確認熱流場被週期波擾動 之可能性與其狀態,也在理論與分析過程中,不斷的經由多項實驗去支持我們自行推導出的偏離角度與火焰恢復時間之公式 tr ∝ 𝑎 1/2b0.55 ≃ √b/a = √𝛽/𝛼 1/(1-ρf/ρa)∙ℓ2/gR (1 − 𝑘θ)

探討護木漆塗層對於抑制金屬升溫之影響

本研究探討將護木漆塗在不鏽鋼及鋁片上對於熱輻射吸收及降溫效果的影響,從實驗結果中可以看到塗上護木漆後的不鏽鋼樣品在可見光範圍的吸收雖增加 29.7W/m²,但在 8µm~12µm紅外光範圍的熱輻射增加 38.2W/m²,約增加 11.2倍,而鋁片樣品在可見光範圍的吸收減少 1W/m²,紅外光範圍的熱輻射則增加 38.6W/m²,約增加 25.9倍,故護木漆能有效增加熱輻射效率,減少能量吸收,而本研究亦證實樣品的輻射冷卻效 能,在晴天時樣品溫度最多可降低 3.4度及 2.7度,故此種方法能有效抑制升溫,並希望未來能應用於建築及儲油槽外壁上,以減少冷氣使用及火災發生頻率。

探討玉米不同種原間減數分裂染色體互換之差異

減數分裂是育種的基礎,透過其中的遺傳重組可以分離連鎖的基因,提供研究和篩選優良基因組合的機會。然而每次減數分裂中的遺傳重組數目存在自然限制,也就是每對同源染色體平均僅發生兩個互換,且大多位於染色體的末端,這使得在研究或育種的過程中,尋找理想的遺傳組合變得極為耗時。本研究採用免疫螢光染色技術來分析玉米不同品系,在減數分裂時遺傳重組發生的數量,目的是探討多樣性的基因種源是否影響遺傳重組的數目。研究結果顯示,不同玉米品系間的遺傳重組數目具有顯著差異,且呈現分群的現象,這表示不同基因種源可能帶有差異性的重組調控相關基因。基於這些發現,我們期待未來能深入研究影響遺傳重組數目和位置的機制。