自由基VS抗氧化物
自由基會產生在神經系統、免疫系統、血液循環系統等等，進而影響到人體各器官的運作,甚至於近年來許多醫生學者提出自由基病理:自由基是百病之源。本次實驗筆者挑選葡萄子、維生素C、綠茶來抑制清氧自由基(OH.)所採用的方法是將10%雙氧水製入注射筒並加亞鐵離子催化,,使其與抗氧化物反應,由於雙氧水分解會產生氫氣自由基與氧氣,因此筆者用倍率放大器(OPA)放大生成氧氣造成的電壓,並用Data Studio測量記錄,最後可由氧氣體積對電壓的趨勢圖看出抑制氫氣自由基的效果;Free radicals will be produced in our nerves system blood circulation immunization system etc. and they able to influene the operaion for our organs many medical scholars have even come up with "free radical pathology"-free radicals are sourse of all he diseases in recent years.In this study, I chose rape stone vitaminC and green tea to restrain hydroxide radicals(OH.) Here is summary of the experimental process. First,I put 10%hydrogen peroxide into an injector and then added ferrous ion to hydrogen peroxide to catalyze it. Second I let it reaact with the sample. Because hydrogen peroxide can produce hydroxide radicals and oxygen, I used the mutiplier(OPA) to amplify the pressure caused with the prducion of oxygen, measuring and recording resuls by the software"Data Studio"Finally, we can tell which antioxidant is more effective in restraining hydrode radicals from volume-voltage gragh.
無尾翼飛行器之穩定與控制
無尾翼飛行器(Tailless Aircraft)在軍事上的價值極大，且對於目前正在起步的微飛行載具(Micro Air Vehicle)而言，亦是值得嘗試與投資的。然而，由於無尾翼飛行器缺乏用以平衡的水平尾翼，造成其靜態的不穩定，即使設法提高靜態穩定特性，但其氣動力阻尼低、穩定性仍舊不佳。操縱上更是困難，在飛行穩定性與控制系統設計上極其挑戰性。本研究目的在探討無尾翼飛行器之穩定性與控制技術，改善其先天之不穩定特性，考慮之項目有縱向靜態穩定性、動態穩定性、控制面與組件配置等因素等進行詳細之探討。首先，找出了適用於無尾翼飛行器之Reflex翼形，接著建立無尾翼飛行器之非線性縱向動態模式，然後針對一翼展8Ocm之小型飛行器進行外型設計，並觀察分析其實際飛行狀態，再以理論與經驗公式估算無尾翼飛行器之氣動力導數，探討其飛行穩定與操控性能。此外，並運用古典控制PID控制法則，設計控制器進行非線性受控系統之動態響應模擬。由模擬結果可看出，經由翼剖面改變與控制系統的輔助下，大幅提高了其性能，使得無尾翼飛行器克服了先天的不穩定特性，更提高了其發展空間 The tailless aircraft has a great value on the military use. Meanwhile, it is worthwhile to try and to invest in it for the investigation of MAV(Micro Air Vehicle), which is being developed now. However, because of lacking horizontal tail which is used for balance, the tailless aircraft is static unstable. Even with the attempt to enhance its characteristics of static stability, the stability of the tailless aircraft is still poor for the sake of it's low damping in aerodynamics. Therefore, it is a challenge to flight stability and control system designing. The purposes of this research are to study the stability and the control technique of the tailless aircraft. To improve its congenital lacking of stability, thought over the longitudinal static stability, dynamic stability and control system. First, find the "Reflex" airfoil is suitable for the tailless aircraft. Second, set up a non-linear and longitudinal dynamic model of the tailless aircraft. Third, design an 80cm span small airplane. Hence, observe and analyze its flying condition. Finally, utilize the theoretical and experiential equations to estimate the aerodynamic derivatives and investigate its stability and controllability. Besides, use the PID controller to proceeded the time-response simulation of the non-linear system. The result of simulation shows that the performance is improved through the change of the airfoil and with the auxiliary of the control system. With this improvement, the tailless aircraft overcome the congenital lacking of stability to broaden its utilization potential.
繪身繪影-正三角形磁磚設計方法與碎形密舖之研究
本研究主要以正三角形作為基本單元，透過窮舉討論得到正三角形邊的作用方式只有五種，再經由排列組合歸納出11 種正三角形密鋪磁磚設計方法。進一步，運用我們的研究結果，配合數學簡報系統製圖，創作新圖樣，也彌補了Escher 在手繪時所造成的誤差，達到完全密鋪的效果。碎形磁磚的部份，我們也依據其背後的數學理論創作幾套結構圖，利用結構解析，碎形密鋪磁磚將變得十分容易，學習者將可輕鬆製作富有創意的新圖樣。 ;This research mainly takes the regular triangle as the basic unit. Through the enumeration, we obtain that there are only five operations for edge of the regular triangle, and then 11 kinds of regular triangle design methods are induced. Even more, utilizing our findings and Mathematical Presentation System (Math PS), we created the new pattern which makes up Escher’s errors and achieves the tiling. As to Fractal Tiling, we create several sets of structure drawings according to its mathematics theory. Using structure analysis, the Fractal Tiling will become extremely simple, and the learner can make the rich creative new pattern easily.
你喝下了多少？-台灣市售優酪乳乳酸菌生長力及抗酸性之探討
現今乳酸菌飲料風行，但是乳酸菌是否真能通過胃酸的考驗，到達腸道進行複製，利益人體？我們首先以市售乳酸菌粉（加拿大Rosell 公司，含二種菌，暫時命名為"小毛"及"小白"）為預測菌種，利用分光光度計測定乳酸菌於Thioglycollate 培養基中的生長能力（OD600）。小毛在pH 值 1、 3 、5、 7 時之生長力分別為0、 0.008 、0.682 、0.847 ，小白為 0、 0.015 、0.973、 0.636。若於培養基中添加不同濃度的螺旋藻熱分解物，如加入0.01%的添加物後，小毛在以上各種pH 值生長力分別為0.042、1.291, 、1.447, 、1.213 ，小白為 0.053、1.392、 1.531、 0.988，意外發現可大幅提升菌的生長力及抗酸力。再取台灣市售4 種廠牌優酪乳（以甲、乙、丙、丁代表之），分離乳酸菌，再於各種pH 值中培養。結果在pH 3 時，螺旋藻熱分解物僅對丙廠牌有效, 乙廠牌無效, 甲與丙則有無填加生長力都很差。在pH 1 時, 則對乙、丙、丁皆有效，故建議廠商慎選菌種，並於製程及成品中添加螺旋藻熱分解物。The yogurt is a popular drink. But whether the lactobacilli inside can resist the destruction of gastric acid and grow well in the intestinal tract is still questionable. We used pure lactobacilli powder (Rosell Company, Canada, containing two bacteria named in this report as "Little Hair" and "Small White") for pre-test. The growth ability in thioglycollate medium was determined by spectrophotometer (OD600). The results of bacterial growth at pH 1, 3, 5, and 7 for "Little Hair" were 0, 0.008, 0.682, and 0.847, respectively. Those for "Small White" were 0, 0.015, 0.973, and 0.636, respectively. After supplement with 0.01% of the boiled lysate of Spirulina algae (ProBio Biotech, Taiwan), growth abilities at pH 1, 3, 5, and 7 for "Little Hair" were 0.042, 1.292, 1.447, and 1.213, respectively. Those for "Small White" were 0.053, 1.392, 1.531, and 0.988, respectively. The algae extract amply promotes the growth and acid-resistance, especially at pH 3, of these bacteria. The lactobacilli isolated from four different products of yogurt in Taiwan, named as A, B, C, and D, were then tested as above. Results showed the supplement with the boiled lysate of Spirulina algae was very effective, at pH 3, for promoting growth of C, but not effective for B. Growth abilities of both A and D were very unsatisfactory with or without this supplement. At pH 1, algae lysate supplement significantly improved the growths of B, C, and D. Therefore, this supplement in culture and product for yogurt preparation was suggested.
關於渦旋
A professor once told me that scientists have already known a lot about vortices, but less about how to tackle with them in here and there cases. As to my mind, this means knowing by halves. As a matter of fact, I gradually found that human may not know more than a dragonfly! A dragonfly flying in a figure of eight pattern does know about Vortices Recycling. The highlight of the experiment is the hovering ability upon a fixed point in the air. Who can stay longer will be the king of Vortices. Sometimes I am not so optimistic about mimicking a fly or a bat, but I am really very interesting in discovering which flying mechanism is more effective,『Fling Mechanism』 or 『In a figure of eight pattern』, if with the same weight and energy? How to implement their mechanism in our flying machine? It is always the best policy to do naturally with vortices. The conservation of vortices is found here and there. Vortex itself is energetic. To gain means to keep. The one who is able to keep vortices will be rewarded. As in life generation and the ability of hovering, the rule follows. Typhoons and tornados still threat us like the beasts. And what’s more, a jumbo-airplane was crashed as beaten by tip vortices of the former airplane. As the dragonflies, the beautiful acrobats of vortices , infuse in tip vortices. Not the strong contradistinction did we realize that it is time for vortices!研究渦旋已經四年。四年之中，涉獵了許多關於渦旋的實驗。當我越了解渦旋，就越佩服那些卓越的昆蟲朋友們，他們可說是調配利用渦旋的大師。從候鳥遷徙的V字型隊伍、海豚的渦旋氣球、到蜻蜓八字型的飛行機制，我很想知道：在一個固定的流場中，到底哪一種運動機制，能最有效率的提供上升的力量？而如何將昆蟲朋友們的高超技術，運用到人類飛行載具上？將是我有興趣的另一項課題。『關於渦旋』是一系列渦旋實驗，目的就是自基礎開始深入了解在地球這樣環境下渦旋的性質。（一）探討基礎的渦旋本質（二）產生相對運動下物體的的渦旋架構（三）物體取得升力和失去升力的要件（四）昆蟲飛行機制探密（五）未來展望與渦旋的運用經過長時間的觀察可以了解到：1、渦旋遵守動量守恆。是以渦旋出現時是成對的2、渦旋是具有能量的。在上升力取得方面，當攻角過大時，渦旋剝離，造成能量的損失；以至於飛行載具失速。而蜻蜓是保有渦旋並加以利用的高手，自然事半功倍。順勢而為，渦旋增強。