When adding 2% or 4% sodium polyacrylate as habit modifier, standard milky-white octahedral NaCl crystals grew gradually in saturated NaCl solution on the bottom of the container. [1] [2] Sodium polyacrylate is well known as a highly water-absorbable polymer with many carboxylate anions. In the case of low concentration (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5%) sodium polyacrylate many small or microscopic crystals whose shapes were nearly octahedrons and had {111} faces were observed with an optical microscope on the bottoms of the solution containers. In low concentration sodium polyacrylate, octahedral NaCl crystals made up of electrostatically unstable {111} faces grew similarly to crystals in high concentrations of 2% or 4% NaCl. Therefore, by adding sodium polyacrylate to saturated NaCl solution, cleaved rock salt crystals in this sol were observed to find out whether or not a change in crystal morphology from cuboids of {100} faces to octahedrons of {111} faces would occur. Regardless of the sodium polyacrylate concentrations of 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 2%, all cuboid crystals changed into a pyramidal shape in which four of the side surfaces formed an equilateral triangle. When one side of each equilateral triangle face was rotated so the square face of the crystal was soaked in the NaCl sol, all crystals grew into octahedrons of high transparency. Sodium polyacrylate, even under a low concentration, caused morphological change in the NaCl crystals. Many carboxylate anions in the sodium polyacrylate attracted sodium ions and the repulsive force between the carboxylate anions became weak, excluding the water in the internal space of the polymer. We considered that the stabilizing {111} faces of gathered sodium ions attached to carboxylate anions. Chloride and sodium ions coordinated continuously to minimize the NaCl surface area, growing into an octahedral and lowering the surface energy of the NaCl crystal. [3]

Terpenoids are an irreplaceable class of natural products. The camphoryl group is an important moiety in the structure of chiral ligands for asymmetric synthesis catalysis or it can be used as an auxiliary group in asymmetric synthesis.[1] The usage of fenchone based molecules for asymmetric catalysis and synthesis is less common because of the difficulty of fenchone modifications due to steric hindrance. Camphor is a readily available starting molecule for the preparation of different compounds with biological activity. For example, camphor diimines demonstrate antiviral activity.[2] Fenchonyl amine-based molecules are potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Amines are a crucial class of organic compounds with multiple academic and industrial applications. There are a plethora of synthetic approaches towards amines synthesis and modifications, reductive amination being one of the most powerful and useful methods. However, the reductive amination of camphor and fenchone remains a challenge. A standard approach to reductive amination with amines other than ammonia and methylamine includes two steps: preparation of azomethines or Schiff bases in the presence of strong Lewis acids and their reduction with more or less conventional reducing agents. The synthesis of fenchonyl amines is even more challenging. There is no universal approach, and almost every manuscript reports some particular protocol different from others. In most cases, the first stage of this process requires quite harsh conditions. For example, the preparation of a Schiff base from camphor and 1-phenylethylamine requires 5-10 days of heating at 150°C.[3] Schiff bases of other primary amines could be prepared under similarly harsh conditions. Preparation of enamines is possible using titanium tetrachloride as a catalyst. The reduction also might be challenging. Sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride was described as suitable for this goal in several reports.[4] To the best of our knowledge, no papers describe any general approach for the direct reductive amination of camphor or fenchone. There is only one example of camphor direct reductive amination without an external hydrogen source using carbon monoxide as a reducing agent. This protocol is very efficient but its application is limited by the necessity of carbon monoxide and high-pressure equipment for the reaction setup.

本研究使用牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、穀胱甘肽（GSH）、金屬離子合成金屬奈米螢光團簇，並以正電高分子包覆金屬奈米螢光團簇及葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）形成複合材料。此複合材料中的葡萄糖氧化酶與葡萄糖反應，製造出過氧化氫，以過氧化氫改變金屬奈米螢光團簇表面特性，使螢光強度減弱，間接偵測葡萄糖濃度。 本研究探討出合成金屬奈米螢光團簇之最佳條件——以穀胱甘肽輔助之牛血清白蛋白金奈米團簇（BSA/GSH-Au NCs）可產生最佳螢光效果，並分析出金屬奈米螢光團簇之螢光淬滅效果與葡萄糖濃度成對數函數，其檢量線之相關係數為0.994，且金奈米團簇在血液中對葡萄糖具有專一性，可穩定進行血糖檢測。另外，本研究找出最適當的正電高分子殼聚醣（chitosan）及其最佳包覆濃度0.05%，用於包覆金屬奈米螢光團簇及葡萄糖氧化酶。最後以殼聚醣包覆之牛血清白蛋白∕榖胱甘肽金屬奈米螢光團簇及葡萄糖氧化酶複合材料（BSA/GSH-Au NCs / GOx @ chitosan）進行葡萄糖檢測，其螢光強度變化量與葡萄糖濃度之對數檢量線相關係數為0.971。本研究開發出一套靈敏、快速、穩定的葡萄糖檢測材料，並期待未來能運用於實際的人體血糖檢測上。

本研究創新使用一種生物可分解之離子液體作為鋁空氣二次電池之電解質。與文獻上使用的高價且含毒性的咪唑類離子液體相比，本研究合成的離子液體原料為甘油與氯化膽鹼，均為成本低廉且對人體無害的環保材料。延續過去參加新竹市中小學科展題目「可撓性輕量化鋁空氣電池」的成果，此次國際科展的內容更進一步延伸為可充電式的鋁空氣二次電池，除了電解質的創新外，亦包含電極方面的革新，如陽極除了採用純鋁外，另探討使用鈦鋁合金來減緩腐蝕。在空氣電極方面，除了添加活性碳來增加吸附氧氣的表面積外，另添加二氧化錳來增加氧氣還原的活性。

本實驗成功在水相以及相對低溫中合成均一度高的鈀金奈米觸媒，並藉由引入不同比例的界面活性劑到合成系統中，來促使不同形態的鈀金奈米觸媒生成。此種奈米觸媒於不同成分比例下可產生相異之催化表現，且具長時間穩定的優點，故為具潛力的燃料電池觸媒。 實驗過程除了探討不同形態的鈀金奈米觸媒的合成外，並進行CO電氧化、乙醇電氧化以及長時間穩定測試。由合成的結果可得知，不同比例的CTAB及CTAC搭配可以得到合金或核殼結構的鈀金奈米觸媒；電催化實驗中，首先藉由CO吸脫附電氧化求得觸媒的活性表面積後，再進行乙醇電氧化測試，進而發現以核殼AuPd為1：1活性表現最佳，較商用Pd觸媒高約4.09倍；長時間穩定測試中AuPd核殼觸媒比商用Pd觸媒有有約16倍的穩定度及容忍力的提升。本研究結果有助進一步利用鈀金觸媒改善純鈀在進行乙醇燃料電池上的應用。

我們成功利用點擊化學(Click Chemistry)合成出C1、C2、C3三個含有三唑(triazole)的化合物，三者的共同特色是具有對稱特性的超分子結構，C2、C3會自組裝成網狀結構並與有機溶劑形成超分子有機凝膠；經由實驗我們以成膠能力最佳的C3作為後續實驗主要研究對象。我們研究的內容包含基本物化性以及周圍環境對凝膠形成的影響，發現溫度、溶劑、濃度都會影響其聚集形貌。而我們對其分子間的作用力進行研究，得知主要以π-π堆疊、氫鍵及凡得瓦力等非共價鍵作用力維繫分子的結構。另外我們發現C3分子在凝膠態與薄膜態放光增強的效應，推測此分子具有AIE 效應(聚集誘發螢光增強)。最後，我們根據實驗結果，推導出C3分子形成凝膠的機制。

本研究以高溫鍛燒的褐藻酸鈉鹽與亞硫酸銨混合粉末作為電極修飾材料，並與多層奈米碳管(CNT)混合後，附著於碳紙極電板上。修飾材料中推測含有碳奈米纖維與碳量子點，其表面具親水性的含氧官能基，可提高CNT在水相中的分散性；而碳奈米纖維則推測可增加材料的機械強度，提升電極可撓度。研究藉由調整鍛燒溫度和氮材合成比例，探討不同變因下製造的電極修飾材料對電容效能的影響。 得知最佳鍛燒條件為：褐藻酸鈉鹽與亞硫酸銨1：1(重量比)、鍛燒溫度為160℃。利用此條件下製作出來的電極修飾材料，可以使實驗材料達到最高的比電容值324F/g。此製程大幅提升了奈米碳管的比電容值(對照組128F/g)，期待未來能實際運用於電能儲存裝置上，或搭配電池應用於可撓式電子裝置。

高科技產業的發展日新月異，創造不同特性的功能材料常扮演推進科技的關鍵角色，若單一材料能以簡易的方式進行奈米尺度下的結構轉換，便可能增加該材料的應用彈性。本研究設計並合成具放紅色螢光性質的雙尿素共軛分子TPDF-Bisurea，並將其引進多孔性陽極氧化鋁(AAO)模板，透過分子兩側雙尿素基團交互辨識，在模板內自組裝形成奈米管。再將奈米管置入充滿THF蒸汽的密閉環境，藉蒸汽微擾分子間作用力，使其由一維管狀轉為零維球狀結構，達到以自組裝行為在分子不同維度間轉換之目的。分析實驗所得的一維與零維奈米材料之基本及光物理性質，期望將兩者應用在光電元件中。其中空結構之特點亦可作為輸送藥物或基因的載體，並藉由螢光性質追蹤其進入目標體後的所在位置。

It is known that copper foil undergoes a color change in heating by oxide thin layer formation. Therefore, we focused on the color change by the oxidation of brass foil. Brass foil (Akaguchi (Cu87%Zn13% alloy) and Aoguchi (Cu85%Zn15% alloy)) also undergoes color change by oxidation, and it shows heating time and temperature dependence. Brass foil need longer heating time to appear color change than copper foil, and we can visually confirm that the brass has corrosion resistant. In addition, color change of brass foil depends on the percentage of copper in the brass, and Aoguchi shows rapidly color change in same heating condition. We show that brass has different physical properties than copper, even with a high percentage of copper in brass, and this was verified through comparison using diffusion length and RGB data in Aoguchi and Akaguchi. We demonstrate these colored brass foils are used as art materials, and our results expanded material using possibility of brass foil.

Colorants are used in many industries, especially in the textile industry. These substances both cause visual pollution and create an anaerobic environment for aquatic creatures. In this study, it is aimed to examine the usability of activated carbon synthesized from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, which is an important environmental problem, in removing the pollution caused by the colorants caused by industrial activities in water resources.