全國中小學科展

數學

魔術猜牌-由再生訊息延伸推展猜中比值之研究

本研究是藉由數學手法探討;如何由一疊 36 張四種花色的撲克牌中,尋找出保證可猜中最多張花色的方法。研究過程是以在適當的猜牌時機,以邏輯推理、二進位、分析與歸納 … … 等數學原理與方法,搭配巧妙的策略運用而達到目的。 猜牌方法:先約定好猜牌規則,助手將 36 張牌背圖樣相同但非對稱的撲克牌,以旋轉牌背的方向傳達訊息。在本研究中得出「經由巧妙的猜牌方法保證可以猜中不少於 26 張花色」,並得出「當總張數趨近於無窮大時,保證可以猜中不少於 81 . 07 %的牌,並且證出若僅使用獨立的訊息猜牌,無論任何猜牌方法皆無法猜中多於 87 . 37 %的牌」 · 其中一個猜中多於 80 %的例子是‘「當總張數等於 23006 張時,保證可以猜中不少於 1 8405 張牌(18405/23006 > 4/5)」 ·The study is mathematically based with reasonable explanations behind it. We are to correctly guess as many cards as possible from a deck of 36 cards, with random numbers and four different suits. We will apply mathematical methods, such as logic inference, binary system, and analytical reduction, upon right timing. Using careful arrangement of the principles and reasoning, we can reach our ultimate goal. To state guessing: Conference between the guesser and the assistant about the guessing rules, the assistant will have 36 cards with the same exact pattern on the back but not symmetrical. The pattern of the cards will be different when rotated 180o. The only communication between the two is by rotating cards. In this study, we can prove that through mathematical method, we can assure 26 or more cards can be correctly guessed. Furthermore, when the total amount of cards is close to infinity, we can assure 81.07% or more of the cards can be correctly guessed, and prove that if the cards are guessed from independent information, no more than 87.37% of the cards will be correctly guessed by any guessing methods. One of the examples, which 80% of the cards are correctly guessed, is that when the amount of the cards is 23006, 18405 or more of the cards can be correctly guessed. (18405/23006 > 4/5)

能量環

Quantum Rings are defined to be polygons with sides all of the same unit length that are connected with a fixed positive or negative angle. In the research, the number of Quantum Rings corresponding to a given number of sides and a fixed angle will be discussed. Quantum Rings could be expressed by many sequences which would involve the theory of partitions and ways to eliminate the many to one nature of the sequences in order to evaluate the upper and lower bound. Besides estimating the upper and lower bound, a lot of the qualities of the Quantum Rings under certain circumstances will be mentioned.「能量環」為許多單位長度的線段以定角首尾相接,並且最後接回原點的多邊形。本研究將要探討對於給定邊長個數與相接角度的「能量環」的個數。「能量環」可以被表示成許多種數列的形式。在數列的運算中會牽涉到許多數字分割的理論與排列組合的排除重複以求得能量環個數的上下界。除了定量的求算出上下界以外,報告中也定性的歸納出許多給予特殊條件的能量環的性質。

3D立體建構模擬之研究

現在的市面上,四處充斥著各式各樣的電玩或是3D立體動畫,但是在呈現動畫的\r 時候,依然存在著很多地方的不足,與狀況表現上的矛盾情形!於是令我興起:一個普\r 通的高中學生,是否也有機會運用所學的知識,創造出自己的虛擬實境?\r 我嘗試地寫出各種物體架構的函數,再對這函數圖形所呈現出的立體加工處理,使\r 它能自由的運動,甚至使它能多采多姿就有如我們在現實生活中所看見的一般,有著自\r 己的花紋與圖案!\r 期望在架構完整之後,有一天,我們這些學生可以不再被那些軟體公司牽著走,花\r 大把的錢買電腦動畫中種種的不合理,而可以自己擁有自己的3D 世界!!

有趣的切披薩問題

本次科展我們所探討的,是關於圓的分割問題,討論披薩被切出來的面積和及切痕的長度和等相關問題。 我們提出並且用較初等的數學方法證明了幾個與圓的分割有關的問題,包括披薩定理以及另外七個定理。 最後我們也利用GSP軟體驗證定理二、三、四分給2人時的對偶結果和定理二分給3人以上時的其他結果,並對於一般情形的推廣,作合理的猜測。

不要給我好人卡─編號對應的研究

最小積包絡現象

思考公車車門開關時在地面上掃過的區域形狀與面積時,發現其中變動的直線為過定點與座標軸圍成三角形面積最小的直線,我們很好奇,這類圍成最小面積的直線更進一步的包絡現象,所以就動手去嘗試做研究。\r \r The research is done out of the curiosity we had when we pondered over the area and the shape a bus door sweeps on the floor when it opens or closes, and thus to discover the graph of the varying line which forms the smallest area so that we attempt to do research on such envelopment phenomena.

Baseball and the Markov Chain Theory

A method of searching for all the integer solutions of any equation of markov's type of paralolic ty

This work presents fundamental research in the field of algebra and the theory of number. The subject of the work is equations of Markov's type (the type of the equations introduced by me earlier which generalizes the classic equation of Markov (x2+y2+z2=3xyz)) of parabolic type with two unknown quantities and their genealogical trees. The following questions appeared when I was working on the equations of Markov's type and constructing genealogical trees to them: are there any other trees besides one for a certain equation; how to find all the genealogical trees for the equation of Markov's type; how to find all the integer solutions with the help of the genealogical trees. This work is devoted to the analysis of these questions. The aim of the work: to create the method of finding all the integer solutions of the equations of Markov's type of parabolic type. The tasks of the work: 1. Carrying out some experimental works to find all the genealogical trees for a concrete equation. 2. Formulating a hypothesis that the curve has a specific part. 3. Research the parabolic type in order to apply the hypothesis to it. 4. To formulate and prove the theorems about the necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of the genealogical trees of the integer solutions of equations of Markov's type of parabolic type with two unknown quantities. As the result of the work all the tasks have been solved. I worked the method of finding all the integer solutions: : to find all the integer solutions by means finding all genealogical trees of the equations of Markov's type of parabolic type with two unknown quantities you need : 1. To investigate if there any integer solutions‧ a special part of the parabola (if it is a parabola)‧ a special part of the parallel lines (if it is a pair of the parallel lines) 2. To build a genealogical tree from every solution (if they exist). 3. All the integer solutions will be on the constructed trees. I also worked out a computer program which is based on the usage of this method.

高中各學期成績與指定考科相關性

在升學主義越來越興盛的社會中,考試成績成為人人關心的重點,這\r 次研究就是藉由數理資優班同學的各學期在校成績和指定考科成\r 績,透過迴歸分析,找出各學期成績與指考成績之間的關係,並利用\r 圖表來解釋各種科目在各學期的課程,在高中三年所學的重要性,在\r 藉由此結果,希望能對目前老師的教育重點及學生學習方式能有所幫\r 助,亦可了解學生在高中求學過程中,哪些階段對指考成績較有正面\r 影響,進而強化該學習階段,以有助在指定考科時能充分發揮所學。\r \r In a society that emphasize on degrees, examination scores become the\r spotlight, and the ultimate goal for a high school student who had worked\r so hard for three years is to achieve high scores in the J.C.E.E. In the\r three years of high school, each subject has different topics each semester,\r but which semester has the most decisive effect on the J.C.E.E. score?\r This research is to study the effect of each semester on the J.C.E.E. by\r analyzing the grades of a science and math talented class in Senior High\r School using Regression analysis to find out the connections between\r term grades and the J.C.E.E. Then finding out which term grades had the\r most decisive effect in each subject. By using the result, we hope it can\r help teachers in their teaching and students in their learning. Also, it can\r provide the information about which stage in high school has positive\r effects on J.C.E.E. grades, therefore enabling students to emphasize on\r that stage in order to perform well on the J.C.E.E.

斬不斷,理還亂—方塊切割

看到環球城市數學競賽2003年春季賽國中組試題中,一題有關方格遊戲的問題: \r \r 在一塊9 × 9的正方形方格紙板中,最多可以挑選幾個小方格, \r 使得沿著這些小方格的二條對角線割開後,原正方形方格紙板 \r 不會分裂為二片或二片以上(即沒有小片紙板會從原正方形紙板 \r 中“掉下來”)?\r \r 原題目雖然只有一種圖形解,但我們發覺在其他方格紙板中,圖形解不一,在對幾個圖形分析和研究過後,發覺“似乎”有其特定作圖法,而且可挑選的小方格數也頗有發展的地方,令我們覺得相當有趣,而且此題目和之前看過方格類的問題不大一樣,因此,決定以此問題當作科展主題,加以延伸、研究,自我挑戰。