電腦科學與資訊工程

Over the past year Conor has been developing an electronic time keeping device named Hourglass. Hourglass has a three-fold focus on functionality, intuitive design and simplicity. To simplify the device he has limited the hardware to a bare minimum. Just three buttons and an LCD screen comprise the user-interface. Although this interface is simple, the user can access many features. These include intuitive scrolling menus, countdown, lap and alarm functions, accessed through button combinations as well as multiple ways to use single buttons, such as holding or short pressing. Many functions have been integrated into the device, such as a stopwatch with lap times, a countdown, up to 99 Custom Alarms with an individual active/inactive state and a lock/unlock feature. The stopwatch is accurate to 1 second and can be started, stopped, reset and used to record lap times. When laps have been recorded, the user can then take the time value of a lap and turn it into a countdown. A countdown of up to 99 hours can be set, and will run until deactivated or until it reaches zero. Upon reaching zero the alarm is activated. The home screen displays the time, any active countdown and notifies the user if an alarm is active. It can be locked or unlocked by holding the blue button a set period of time, helping to reduce any inadvertent change in setting. All of the functions available can be operated easily with the intuitive 3 button interface method. The menu system is simple, but has been set up through clever coding. An arrow indicated which option is selected, by pressing the top button on the clock the option above the current selection is selected/the menu scrolls up. Pressing the bottom button selects the next option in the downward direction/scrolls down. The button in the centre positioned off to the left is used to activate an option. When a Yes or No prompt appears on the screen, the action corresponds with the button position. Therefore the triangle layout of the buttons is simple and intuitive. Thus Conor’s device relies on complicated, yet elegantly formulated and annotated code and simple hardware interfaces to interact with the user in a way which is intuitive and provides great functionality. It does this while being simple and easy to understand. Here these principles are applied to a clock project, but there are implications for good design that go way beyond this context.

File compression has become a very important tool in the technology field because it allows faster data transfer rates over the internet and decreased file size on data disks. File compression aims to reduce file size while still retaining the quality of the file. Lossy file compression methods are not very efficient because the compressed files end up losing more data than what is usually intended causing a considerable loss in quality. Lossless file compression methods, on the other hand, take time to process since they require decompression to retrieve the original file. In this study, a lossless algorithm which does no require decompression was created. The resulting Fractal File Compression (FFC) algorithm contains two parts, the IFS algorithm and the Huffman Tree generator. Both algorithms were created using Java language and JCreator. The finished program was tested on an image file with 2542 x 1944 pixels dimensions. The image file was compressed using JPEG, BMP, PNG and FFC formats. For each method, the image file was compressed at three different resolution settings; low, medium and high. All the compressed images were then viewed under 500% zoom using Adobe Photoshop CS2. In an area of 40 by 40 pixels, the number of distinct boxes, which served as a measurement of image quality, was determined. Compressed images for JPEG, BMP, and PNG for both the low and medium settings have low image qualities, while the fractally-compressed images have a high image quality. For the high resolution setting, both JPG and fractally-compressed images have Page 2 of 2 high qualities while BMP and PNG still have low qualities. Based on the measurements obtained from the box-counting method and the file sizes, the absolute image quality for each compressed image was calculated. The absolute image qualities of the compressed images used for each setting were then compared. Coupled with large file size and small pixels per area count, the conventional methods have lower absolute image quality than the images compressed using the FFC method. This was true for the low and medium settings, however, JPG compression has a higher absolute image quality than the fractally-compressed images. This meant that JPG compression is more efficient than fractal compression when an image has a high resolution. The resulting FFC algorithm is lossless since it uses pattern searches and replacements in order to decrease the file size. To make the program more suitable for high resolution images, the FFC algorithm may be modified. Most of the changes in the FFC algorithm should be done in the IFS generator. High resolution images can be compressed fully if the pattern that was used for compression is more representative, but even shorter. A more representative bit pattern would create a high quality, high resolution image with a smaller file size.

在數位化的今日，由於網際網路的技術蓬勃發展，網際網路變得更容易使用及具高度的親和性，使得網際網路的使用逐年成長。隨著越來越多人依賴網路進行交易，也衍生了層出不窮的網路詐騙問題。其中，網路釣魚就是一項著名的詐騙技術：詐騙者透過偽裝成知名企業的網站，藉此騙取使用者的個人私密資料。在本研究中，我們提出了一套植基於彩色視覺密碼學原理的網站驗證機制，使用者可以透過此機制，直接利用人類視覺的方式來驗證所連上的網站是否有問題，並在此機制之下，設計出另一套管理使用者密碼的方式，進而方便使用者不必費心的去記憶密碼。 Recently, as networks technology flourishes, Internet becomes easier and friendlier to use, and makes the usage of Internet grow up year after year. With more and more people relying on online transactions, it leads to endless network fraud issues. Among them, phishing is a well-known fraud technology to disguise the famous business website to get user’s private information by cheating. Therefore, in this study, an effective scheme based on color visual cryptography is proposed to test and verify the website. Through the proposed mechanism, users can check whether there is a problem website by using human vision directly. Furthermore, the proposed scheme also provides another way to manage user’s password effectively.

西爾平斯基船帆(Sierpinski Gasket)與西爾平斯基掛毯(Sierpinski Carpet)都屬於碎形(fractals)圖形的一種，可以利用迭代運算系統IFS(Iterated Function Systems)碼來產生，代入迭代運算方程式後，經由多次的運算，可以得到重覆的圖形。本研究中，我將提出一些作法，找出西爾平斯基船帆與掛毯圖形其遞迴關係式，進而討論出其數位圖形之規律性及所涵蓋的內容與性質，著重在推廣西爾平斯基船帆與掛毯圖形的概念，將一段音樂曲取出，把它們看成反覆隨機迭代點，利用程式經由多次的插值運算，計算出各段音符。最後加入基因演算法來解決音符長短的問題，把製造好的音符染色體放置到交配池中，以隨機的方式在交配池中選取其中之一個染色體進行交配的動作，此二音符染色體會交換彼此的基因，產生下一代新的代表音符長短之染色體，應用於數位音樂創作，而衍生的西爾平斯基船帆與掛毯圖形新穎應用與創新的結果，希望能提供數位音樂創作的多樣性，更進而可以找出「好聽的音樂」與數學的直接關聯性。‘Sierpinski Gasket’ and ‘Sierpinski Carpet’ are two graphics that belong to fractals. They can be produced by IFS (Iterated Function Systems). By iterative computation of many times, we can obtain the similar graphics. In my research, there are some methods to generate Sierpinski Gasket, Sierpinski Carpet, and the iterative algorithms. In addition, I would discuss the regularity and the content as well as the properties of those digital patterns. At last, the advanced application of Sierpinski Gasket and Sierpinski Carpet to digital music pieces was presented. The program took a note of several measure of music as the beginning point, and made the IFS calculations for each new note in each measure. But there was no difference in beats if you just make the IFS iteration. So I changed the beats with genetic crossover method. In this research, the expression of the DNA to each beat of note was adopted. The same way, it took a note as a beginning point. And the system obtained the new DNA from the old notes for new ones randomly. That would make a piece of brand new music. What I want to do in this research is improve the multiformity of music and find what the relationship is of ‘good music’ and mathematical algorithms.

Our goal is to make roll call systems at schools technological. While Rolling Call system is getting technological capacities some useful outcomes occur as well like; To remove the cost for class books by abolishing the class books used for roll call To eliminate mistakes with the usage of class book .(The numbers written incorrectly) To save again a large amount of waste paper( The short messages will be send to the parents instead of mailing the letters to the their adresses once a week about their students' absance.) To improve communication among school and parents ,by this way to prevent various kinds of problems arising from absenteeism. To make teachers school boards more efficently and motivated besides their affairs will get easier as well. To save time of school managers(They have no Works like saving the absenteeisms into e-school network because everything including all the absenteeism info will be carried into the system automatically) To save time of each lesson the teachers will not loose time for the roll call ,so they will be able to devote their time to their students and training. -Technological polling mechanism will contribute to education, this contribution will make all the students and teachers happy because all the teachers carry concern whether their curriculum will be finished or not through this system recording all the rests of teachers because of illnesses and some national celebrations.

利用電腦瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候，常受到螢幕空間大小的限制，沒有辦法在顯示圖形整體結構的同時也顯示細節部分。超廣角鏡頭是一種短焦距、大視角的相機鏡頭，鏡頭成像的時候，會有中間部分放大而周邊部分縮小的情形，藉由這個特性，我們發展出了一種新的圖形導覽介面，在瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候，有個圓形區域，該區域可隨著使用者的意願而自由移動，而區域內的圖形是以模擬超廣角鏡頭成像的方式呈現，且能夠與圓形區域外的圖形做銜接，如此，在瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候，除能夠顯示整體的結構外，也可以不開啟新視窗及無遮蔽的方式，即時地將想要觀察的部分做局部放大以展現細節。

快門，捕捉最原始的感動；科技，創造最完美的呈現。當攝影遇上科學，成就了本研究的主題──高階電腦數位影像之研發。在我的研究過程中困難重重，從外景攝影、後製研究、影像創作到本研究撰寫完工，一切由我個人獨力進行，經歷了多次失敗，仍堅持的完成這重大的研究突破。 相信多數人會使用相機，但是對數位攝影這領域卻不甚了解，更別談藝術與科學的結合。因此希望本科展研究將會成為未來科技數位電腦的主軸，強調科技、即時、便利、環保、生活及教育的科學推廣，以實用並超越新世紀的數位領域，讓所有電腦愛好者，都可以輕鬆的應用此高階的數位暗房後製。讓電腦科技不只是零與一的組合，而是心靈與世界的互動！ ;Camera shutter captures the most original affection; technology creates the most perfect display. High-level digital image—when photography meets technology—is the theme of this research. However, in the process of the research, I have encountered many problems—from outdoor scene shot, production research, image creation to report writing—I did them individually and had undergone many failures, but I still insisted on finishing this big research breakthrough. I believe that many people can use the camera, but didn’t understand anything about the field of digital photography, let alone the combination of art and technology. I hope this technology development research would become the main perch of digital technology in the future—emphasizing technology ,instantaneous,convenience,environmentalprotection, livelihood, and popularize technology education—to use and go beyond the new age of digital field and to make computer lovers apply high-level darkroom production easily. Making computer technology not just combinations of zeros and ones, but the interaction between life and the world.

Autonomous car is a very new concept, being a car without any driver. Several concurrent software process data using Artificial Intelligence to recognize and propose a path which the car should follow. The goal of the project is that a driverless car can reduce the distance between the cars, lowering the degree of road loadings, reducing the number of traffic jams, avoid human errors, and allowing people with disabilities(even blind people) to travel using an autonomous car. Theoretically a car without driver in the future should be much safer, because human reaction speed is higher than 200 ms, and the computing power of the newest computers allows traffic calculations even to 10 ms. The necessary power is provided by three multi-core laptops that process with Artificial Intelligence in order to recognize traffic signs, traffic lanes , traffic car fingerprints, processing the data from a 3D radar, using particle filters to localize car in a GPS map, the management of database with traffic signs, magnetic sensors, acceleration sensors, a distributed software, a supervisory system and the software which drives the stepper motor to turn the steering wheel (acceleration and braking). Currently the software is able to recognize the traffic signs, register them in a database using Google Maps. The fields record the sign and direction of travel from that area. Each car participating in the traffic and using this software will register new signs detected and the will modify the degree of confidence of recognition for other users. Another software component is able to recognize the demarcation lines between lanes, with three cameras to calculate exactly or using probabilities where it is on the road, where the roadsides are and to propose a new direction even in the absence of traffic signs for the next seconds. Another part of the software is trying to use Artificial Intelligence to detect other car fingerprints from webcam images. The calculation was performed on 3 computers, requiring distributed processing. I developed a management information system based on semaphores that allows data processing and supervision from 3 different computers. This project presents a hardware version of a LIDAR – a 3D radar and a software for creating a 3D environment in which the car navigates and using it the car will take decision to avoid obstacles. The LIRDAR contains a total of 16 avalanche photo-detector mounted on a stepper motor that spins at a frequency of 10 Hz. The information provided by my radar is about 576.000 pixels at resolution of 10 bits. The 3D radar helps the entire software system to increase the confidence of decision.

本研究提出一可用於機器人空間探勘與辨識的仿生機器學習系統。本系統模仿生物大腦的層級性結構，各層級間透過雙向連結進行搜尋辨識與提示，並記憶空間中的感官、場景和位置資訊，分別由以下部分構成： 1. 感官細胞：辨識特定感官輸入類別。 2. 場景基模細胞：組合具方向性的感官細胞數據。 3. 網格細胞：接收移動數據的內在座標系統。 4. 位置細胞：整合感官數據與空間數據、建立拓樸空間認知地圖。 經模擬實驗證明，本系統能在第一次探勘時建立空間認知地圖，並於再次造訪時成功匹配位置細胞進行定位。本系統有異地探勘、在複雜空間中進行路徑與任務規劃等廣泛應用。

以製作適合高中生的英文篇章難易度自動分級為初衷，本研究採高中英文課文為語料，針對「如何分級」，意即從文章萃取哪些特徵、利用何工具或語料協助萃取特徵、以何工具分級等因素，進行研究與實驗，並建立一套新方法。首先進行前處理，再嘗試以單字、句型的數量或比例、句長、音節長、整合以上分析等各式特徵，支持向量機(Support Vector Machines)、隨機森林分類器(Random Forest Classifier)、決策樹分類器(Decision Tree Classifier)、卷積神經網路句分類器(Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classification)等工具，進行將篇章分為高中一、二、三年級等三個難易度等級的測試，建立自動分級模型。最後製作成可供大眾使用的自動分級網頁。各項測試之中，最佳分類效能為整合各項特徵時得到的分類正確率65.04%，經模擬得知，此效能較過去研究，已有所提升。