工程學

本研究以玉米葉纖維做為聚乳酸纖維的補強材料，並以加入的玉米葉纖維長度為操縱變因，探討其對聚乳酸/玉米葉纖維複合材料機械性質的影響。實驗設計以純聚乳酸為對照組，以加入1mm, 2mm, 5mm, 13mm玉米葉纖維的聚乳酸複合材料為實驗組。本研究以拉伸強度和耐衝擊值來判斷機械性質的強度。 實驗數據顯示，實驗組的拉伸強度與對照組差距不大，但在耐衝擊值卻比對照組高出許多。除此之外，拉伸強度和耐衝擊值都顯示加入2mm玉米葉纖維在實驗組擁有最佳的數值。另外，加入越長的玉米葉纖維反而不會擁有較佳的機械性質。未來期待聚乳酸複合材料能夠應用在更廣的層面。

低頭族發生『假性近視』、『脊椎側彎』甚至『黃斑部病變』等健康問題有越來越多的趨勢，邊走邊玩發生的意外也越來越多，因此，我們針對低頭族的健康與安全開發本作品。一、 健康方面： 撰寫「背景執行程式」，此程式完全不影響使用者玩遊戲、上網…等等，使用30分鐘後，透過「加速度感測器」檢測使用者必須做的手臂運動，完成後才可繼續使用手機，藉此『休息一下眼睛與僵化的手臂』。透過「環境光感測器」調整螢幕亮度，不讓螢幕光太強而造成眼睛更容易損傷。二、 安全方面： 「加速度感測器」與「陀螺儀」辨識出使用者邊走邊使用手機，就跳出提醒視窗暫時中斷使用者使用手機，使用者或許就會停下腳步或是抬起頭來恢復對環境的觀察能力以避免意外發生，按下「確定鈕」後，就可繼續使用。

My project is a robot designed to clean windows and eliminate the need for human labor. My ultimate aim for this project is to develop my robot to clean high-rise buildings as well as homes. The current version of my robot is designed to clean only house windows. The idea to invent a robot that would automatically clean windows came to me when I arrived home from school one day and found my father struggling to clean the outside of our living room windows because he suffers from back and knee pain. During my research I stumbled upon high-rise window cleaning accidents in which people have lost their lives and this gave my project greater purpose. The major challenge I faced when designing my robot was getting my robot to stick to a vertical window while maneuvering around its surface without falling off. My solution was to use vacuum technologies, suction cups and direct current motors in my design. My robot is made up of a mechanical system, an electronic system and a pneumatic system. The mechanical system consists of direct current motors that drive the two arms of the robot backward and forward through a rack and pinion enabling movement. The pneumatic system provides the vacuum that enables my robot to stick to the window and also consists of pistons that lower the suction cups onto the glass. The electronics system is made up of a microcontroller that uses transistors to control the robots various components. Some key features of my robot include the new split unit design which includes a cleaning unit and a control panel that allows for a decrease in the weight of the device, ultrasonic distance sensors for window edge detection and a self drawing cleaning progress map which the robot displays on the LCD screen on the control panel. Gauges have been added to monitor pressure and vacuum levels in the system so that the user is aware if a problem were to occur. The dual squeegee design includes a squeegee on either end of the horizontal arm which are raised and lowered at certain times while the robot maneuvers across the window to result in the most effective clean. Attached to the squeegees are microfiber cleaning pads that are used to clean the window. I plan to one day develop my robot to clean high-rise buildings so it minimizes the risk of workers losing their lives.

本研究以淡水常見之微藻進行培養，首先篩選出頂棘藻Chodatella sp.為研究對象，第二階段設計不同曝氣量及不同LED燈之佈光面積進行藻類培養比較，再以部分因素法探討微藻培養之最佳化條件；第三階段設計LED光生物反應器培養微藻，探討其可行性及微藻降解畜牧廢水營養鹽之能力。實驗結果顯示，曝氣的培養方式以及增加佈光面積有助於微藻生長，而部分因素法實驗設計結果，影響生質潛勢最重要因子為置換天數。另外，LED光生物反應器培養的微藻其生質物產率高達230.73 mg / L.d，水中的營養鹽去除率皆高達約90 %以上，藻粉油脂含量為28.77 %，脂肪酸組成顯示碳數具有C16-C18之物質，與生質柴油的組成物質相符，非常具有轉化成生質柴油的潛勢。

My purpose of the Research was build a small, compact device for the GoPro, which minimizes shocks that are typically caused by running and makes the video stable. The device must fit into a backpack and must be designed for the GoPro. This scenario raised two central questions for me: Which laws of physics are used for the stabilization of the camera? How can those laws of physics constructively be transformed into a working device? I have built four prototypes. To know which prototype was the best, I compared them and gained data into diagrams. The result with the last prototype was very impressive and encouraging, whether your are walking, running or skiing, the videos were no longer shaky. My final prototype consisted of a hollow tube which extended vertically. My conclusions: First the handheld camera mount mustn't be too light, as the inertia of the device is too low. Second it mustn't be too heavy, because you normally have to hold it over a certain time interval. Inertia as well as lever principal were essential to produce a smooth video. The most difficult part to build was the fully gimbaled suspension because it requires as little friction as possible and it must be precise and solid.

The aim of our research is to produce superhydrophobic coatings on both glass and cloth substrates in order to achieve high contact angles and low sliding angles for self-cleaning. In addition, we aim to modify these coatings to be as transparent as possible so as not to interfere with the aesthetics of the objects which will be coated. To achieve this goal, we synthesised a solution using 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (a type of FAS), silica nanoparticles (SiO2), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (Glymo) and deionised water. Using the convenient sol-gel method, coatings of 20% and 30% by weight of FAS-SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared on glass and cotton substrates. It was found that coatings containing 30% by weight of FAS-modified SiO2 nanoparticles on glass slide produced coatings with water contact angle as high as 162.8° and sliding angle as low as 4°. It can also be seen that for glass substrates, the hydrophobicity increased with an increase in percentage of FAS-modified SiO2 nanoparticles. Although the highest percentage transmittance was about 30%, texts and pictures beneath the coated glass slides were clearly readable. The cotton substrates also exhibited excellent hydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 150° and sliding angle of 22°. Furthermore, the substrates showed good retention of colour and durability after simulated washing and 72 hours of ultraviolet (UV) weathering chamber test. These results show that the effects of washing and UV on the important properties of the cloth were insignificant.

The researchers aim to construct an emergency mobile phone charging station that runs on renewable energy and will serve as a cost-efficient alternative to more traditional power banks. Circuit components include a 20V / 6W solar panel supplemented by a hand-crank gear mechanism integrated with a 6V / 1A lead-acid battery, a usb output and an adjustable switch-mode power supply (SMPS) to convert excess voltage into current. Initial voltage and current outputs were measured under varying resistances. It was determined that the set-up satisfied the minimum voltage and current requirement for charging a mobile phone (5V / 1A). A subsequent phone charging test was executed using a Samsung Galaxy J2 (3.85V Li-ion battery 7.70W, Charge Voltage: 4.4V / 2000mAh) wherein it charged on an average of 0.277% per minute for the solar panel and an average of 0.263% per minute for the hand crank gear mechanism. A Mann-Whitney U statistical test was conducted to determine if the charging rate of the charging station had a significant difference from a commercially available power bank’s. The calculated UA: (4) from the test was below the lower limit and the UB: (217) was above the upper limit which indicated that there was a significant difference between the charging rates. While the efficiency was lower than the commercial power bank’s, it can still be used as an alternative charging method especially during emergencies and disasters.

由工業4.0智慧生產的啟發，建構機械手臂進行人工智慧黑白棋之對弈系統，透過視訊分析棋面資料，輸入人工智慧黑白棋遊戲判斷。依據結果指揮機械手臂進行落子、取子的動作，人機對奕過程亦會判斷有無不合理的地方，以維持棋奕的規則公平。擷取雲端攝影機的盤面影像，使用霍夫找圓演算法取得棋目位置，透過彩度與明度分析黑子、白子或無子，黑白棋AI程式再透過遊戲樹演算決定落子、取子位置。透過畢氏定理及餘弦定理將棋子位置的立體座標轉成工具座標，再傳送至主控伺服器以指揮機械手臂進行正確的動作。透過減輕重量及使用彈力平衡力矩改善，機械手臂可改善硬體準確度，重現率測試達85%以上。黑白棋AI程式棋力可以與黑白棋app的3級力敵。視訊判斷棋局在調整適當彩度明度後可達100%正確率。透過演算法指揮機器手臂下棋，棋局中完成正確動作可達80%以上的成功率。

The last two decades have seen 60% annual growth rate (AGR) in the global IP traffic and it is expected that the AGR will keep the exponential growth in the next five years. Recent advances in digital signal processing enabled the implementation of the dual polarization (DP) optical coherent digital receivers, which substantially improved their performance. The goal of this research is to develop a prototype of a compact superchannel flexible DP M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) optical transmitter and demonstrate its reconfigurability to accommodate baud rates ranging from 8-32 Gbaud∕s to achieve 1 Tb/s and beyond using the same hardware. The research work consists of three phases; Phase I is the study of transmitter electrical and optical parts; Phase II investigates the potential configurations for frequency comb generator circuit; Phase III deals with the superchannel experimental prototype. The results obtained so far are pertaining to phase I and phase II with some preliminary experimental validation pertaining to phase III. The experimental results show that the measured component characteristics are matched with the components specifications data sheets. Additionally, the designed frequency comb generator was able to create up to 9 optical subcarriers with flat gain of 0.5 dB amplitude. Transmission over optical subcarriers has been attempted using standard optical transmitter. These results show promise towards the generation of a variable data rate up to 1Tb∕s. IEEE and ITU-T standardization effort considered these data rates to appear around 2017, and are intended for Next Generation Regional/Long-haul Networks.

Solar energy is a main source of energy that is expected to play a vital role in fulfilling the future global demand of electricity. Design of advanced photovoltaic (PV) system with high electric conversion efficiency is the key for collecting solar energy. A major obstacle hindering useful PV utilization is the deterioration of solar cell efficiency with temperature. The present results of experimentation have shown that there occurs a reduction of approximately 33% in the solar panel efficiency as the operating temperature increases from 45 °C to 68 °C at 1000 W/m2. Therefore, an innovative design of enhanced-performance solar panel using micro flat heat pipe (HP) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) is proposed and experimentally investigated in the presented project. To operate HP and TEG at highest possible efficiency, the condensation section of HP is innovatively cooled by utilize the condensed water inside the evaporator of air conditioner (which is usually between 5-7 °C). Two different types of silicon panel are used in the study: monocrystalline solar panel and polycrystalline solar panel. The results showed that a reduction in average solar panel temperature up to 25% is obtained. In addition, produced power was increased by as much as 50% when solar panel was cooled by the heat pipe. Finally, the feasibility study and cost analysis of the proposed hybrid system are discussed in details and presented.