全國中小學科展

工程學

"An automatic stabilisation of three degrees of freedom – the intelligence of the Quadcopter"

Quadcopters are incredible pieces of technology. Software on the flight controller is able to simultaneously stabilise the drone in three degrees of freedom, follow commands from the pilot and take pictures. 200 times per second the flight controller therefore measures the current position and RC signal, calculates a correction and sets the according engine speeds. This is a task that could never be done by a human being.

使用機械手臂實現黑白棋之人機對弈

由工業4.0智慧生產的啟發,建構機械手臂進行人工智慧黑白棋之對弈系統,透過視訊分析棋面資料,輸入人工智慧黑白棋遊戲判斷。依據結果指揮機械手臂進行落子、取子的動作,人機對奕過程亦會判斷有無不合理的地方,以維持棋奕的規則公平。擷取雲端攝影機的盤面影像,使用霍夫找圓演算法取得棋目位置,透過彩度與明度分析黑子、白子或無子,黑白棋AI程式再透過遊戲樹演算決定落子、取子位置。透過畢氏定理及餘弦定理將棋子位置的立體座標轉成工具座標,再傳送至主控伺服器以指揮機械手臂進行正確的動作。透過減輕重量及使用彈力平衡力矩改善,機械手臂可改善硬體準確度,重現率測試達85%以上。黑白棋AI程式棋力可以與黑白棋app的3級力敵。視訊判斷棋局在調整適當彩度明度後可達100%正確率。透過演算法指揮機器手臂下棋,棋局中完成正確動作可達80%以上的成功率。

Robotic Window Cleaner

My project is a robot designed to clean windows and eliminate the need for human labor. My ultimate aim for this project is to develop my robot to clean high-rise buildings as well as homes. The current version of my robot is designed to clean only house windows. The idea to invent a robot that would automatically clean windows came to me when I arrived home from school one day and found my father struggling to clean the outside of our living room windows because he suffers from back and knee pain. During my research I stumbled upon high-rise window cleaning accidents in which people have lost their lives and this gave my project greater purpose. The major challenge I faced when designing my robot was getting my robot to stick to a vertical window while maneuvering around its surface without falling off. My solution was to use vacuum technologies, suction cups and direct current motors in my design. My robot is made up of a mechanical system, an electronic system and a pneumatic system. The mechanical system consists of direct current motors that drive the two arms of the robot backward and forward through a rack and pinion enabling movement. The pneumatic system provides the vacuum that enables my robot to stick to the window and also consists of pistons that lower the suction cups onto the glass. The electronics system is made up of a microcontroller that uses transistors to control the robots various components. Some key features of my robot include the new split unit design which includes a cleaning unit and a control panel that allows for a decrease in the weight of the device, ultrasonic distance sensors for window edge detection and a self drawing cleaning progress map which the robot displays on the LCD screen on the control panel. Gauges have been added to monitor pressure and vacuum levels in the system so that the user is aware if a problem were to occur. The dual squeegee design includes a squeegee on either end of the horizontal arm which are raised and lowered at certain times while the robot maneuvers across the window to result in the most effective clean. Attached to the squeegees are microfiber cleaning pads that are used to clean the window. I plan to one day develop my robot to clean high-rise buildings so it minimizes the risk of workers losing their lives.

Experimental Study on Vibration Mitigation of Structure by Utilizing Paraboloidal Tank Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD)

本研究以自製模型模擬「結構物裝設拋物體液槽阻尼器(TLD)」。此TLD以多個拋物面容器組成,實驗評估其容器曲率、盛水深、盛水質量比(水質量/總質量)及結構物振幅等參數對減振效應的影響。在不同曲率容器內調整盛水深,使「水體自然擺盪頻率」接近「結構物振動頻率」;水體強烈擺盪時易觀察到水面碎波現象,衍生側向擾動,使水體旋轉,此時「旋轉頻率」亦幾乎等於「結構物振動頻率」,產生更大之共振效應,因此水體可提供較大反向作用力,增加減振效果。結構物振幅越大,水體旋轉可能性越高,減振效應越顯著;增加盛水質量比亦減振效果較佳。但水體旋轉時,結構物亦產生側向位移,因此於容器底部加裝潛沒式導流板,可有效控制液體旋轉方向,使其成對異向旋轉,減低結構物側向位移量。實驗證實藉調整拋物面容器之TLD的上述參數,可有效達到減振效果。

SeedBot: Low-Cost Seeding Robot for Agricultural Applications

This paper presents a semi-autonomous seeding robot which is based on both electrical and mechanical platforms that perform advance agriculture process. SeedBot composed of four components: drilling mechanism, body of robot, seed container and paving mechanism. Other than those components the sensor system and the control system are also discussed. The aim of this study is designing and building a low-cost robotic system to automate and optimize process during farming especially for personal usage. This study demonstrates that semi-autonomous farming has crucial advantages over conventional farming. In addition to that, SeedBot provides safer, requires less manpower and precise farming than usual methods that we have so far.

對弈機器人運用於預防及延緩失智症之研究

本研究目標在於改良對弈機械人及分析長期對弈資訊,運用於早期老人失智症之預防。 據文獻及詢問專家後得知對弈遊戲具有預防失智症狀的功效,而研究中的對弈機器人以大腦功能狀態評估(JOMAC)為研究方向,研究資料分析如「玩家思考時間、對弈棄局次數、下錯頻率」等資訊並設計檢測橋段等機制以符合評估項目達到預防提醒之目的。對弈人工智慧,針對玩家棋力會自動調整機器人的棋力。採用 UCT 演算法,透過搜尋模擬能計算出各點落子勝率,藉由選擇較高或較低勝率的落子點,使人工智慧棋力與使用者旗鼓相當,保持使用者遊戲體驗及強化思考使失智症狀得以延緩。此外運用類神經網路改良影像自動校正,利用學習的方式解決不穩定環境光下誤判過多的問題,且提高校正速度,使對弈過程更加穩定。

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON NANOTUBE DOPED PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

Nowadays, the increase in population and the rapid depletion of nonrenewable energy sources brings the need for energy. In this case, scientists are forced to develop technologies by using renewable energy sources. Sun is the unlimited and renewable energy source. Organic solar cells absorb the light from the sun by the active polymer layer and transform it into electrical power. Organic solar cells are advantageous than inorganic ones because of being low-cost, easy-to-use and proper for large scale applications. In this project, it is aimed to produce organic solar cells by using specific amounts of carbon nanotube (CNT) doping. According to this aim, it is detected by using the fluorescence spectroscopy that CNTs can be used in organic solar cells. Later, the homogenous distribution of doping SWCNT into donor material was displayed by AFM, and correct proportion of SWCNTs are chosen by those images. In order to increase the efficiency of organic solar cell SWCNT doped P3HT was used as donor molecule. The acceptor molecule was PCBM in here. Surface characterization of prepared samples was made by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), while electrical characterization of them is done with airless environment cabin (glove-box) system in nitrogen environment. As a result, devices prepared with addition of cyclohexanone in P3HT: SWCNT%:PCBM new load paths to carbon nanotubes were provided, as a result of the measurements short circuit current obtained was raised from the reference to 53%. The best yields were found as 2.24% in 0.2% SWCNT doped devices. This result shows efficiency is healed according to the reference rate as 64%. In this study, certain amounts of carbon nanotube doped organic solar cells were produced, which are highly efficient rather than traditional organic solar cells and low cost, easy-to-produce rather than inorganic solar cells, by using environmentally friendly materials.

Development of a compact, self-stabilizing handheld camera mount

My purpose of the Research was build a small, compact device for the GoPro, which minimizes shocks that are typically caused by running and makes the video stable. The device must fit into a backpack and must be designed for the GoPro. This scenario raised two central questions for me: Which laws of physics are used for the stabilization of the camera? How can those laws of physics constructively be transformed into a working device? I have built four prototypes. To know which prototype was the best, I compared them and gained data into diagrams. The result with the last prototype was very impressive and encouraging, whether your are walking, running or skiing, the videos were no longer shaky. My final prototype consisted of a hollow tube which extended vertically. My conclusions: First the handheld camera mount mustn't be too light, as the inertia of the device is too low. Second it mustn't be too heavy, because you normally have to hold it over a certain time interval. Inertia as well as lever principal were essential to produce a smooth video. The most difficult part to build was the fully gimbaled suspension because it requires as little friction as possible and it must be precise and solid.

Fabrication of Hydrophobic Coatings Using the Sol-Gel Method

The aim of our research is to produce superhydrophobic coatings on both glass and cloth substrates in order to achieve high contact angles and low sliding angles for self-cleaning. In addition, we aim to modify these coatings to be as transparent as possible so as not to interfere with the aesthetics of the objects which will be coated. To achieve this goal, we synthesised a solution using 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (a type of FAS), silica nanoparticles (SiO2), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (Glymo) and deionised water. Using the convenient sol-gel method, coatings of 20% and 30% by weight of FAS-SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared on glass and cotton substrates. It was found that coatings containing 30% by weight of FAS-modified SiO2 nanoparticles on glass slide produced coatings with water contact angle as high as 162.8° and sliding angle as low as 4°. It can also be seen that for glass substrates, the hydrophobicity increased with an increase in percentage of FAS-modified SiO2 nanoparticles. Although the highest percentage transmittance was about 30%, texts and pictures beneath the coated glass slides were clearly readable. The cotton substrates also exhibited excellent hydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 150° and sliding angle of 22°. Furthermore, the substrates showed good retention of colour and durability after simulated washing and 72 hours of ultraviolet (UV) weathering chamber test. These results show that the effects of washing and UV on the important properties of the cloth were insignificant.

紙電路印刷機研發及其運用於教學之可行性分析

本研究為紙電路印刷機之研發,我們將紙當成電路板的基材,以銅箔與銀箔為佈線的導電材料,透過自行開發的機台研究銅箔與銀箔在製作時,所需的時間、溫度、壓力、印刷電路完成度、耐流值與耐熱值等因素,來驗證我們研發的紙電路印刷機適合用於學校實習課程教學,培養學生LAYOUT的能力,同時也在獲得數值曲線的關係式之後,再加以製作更大作業面積的機台,以期能製作出更大的電路,而整個研究除了自行開發儀器及數據驗證外,亦可以把學生實習課程融入環境保護的概念以及文創商品整合的知識。