工程學

Data and records show accidents caused by loose bolts or nuts often occur in building or mechanical structures all over the world. They may be train derailments, parts falling off amusement rides, escalator breakdowns or wheels coming off automobiles. These incidents can often cause serious casualties and should not be ignored. At present, the only devices used to prevent screws loose are spring washer and nylon locking nuts, but they are not readily detectable with the naked eye when they failed to tighten. Based on simple mechanics and spring principled, our “Smart Washer” has been designed to detect loosen screws. Whenever the bolt or nut gets even slightly loose, the lower part of the washer will spring up, this is a sign to alert and remind the user to carry out maintenance and re-tighten the loosen screw before serious accidents occur.

本研究主要針對造成輕微腦震盪 (Mild Traumatic Brian Injury, mTBI) 的現象及其物理量進行研究，以封閉式頭部工程旋轉加速度的撞擊模型 (Closed Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration, CHIMERA) 為基礎，結合目前常用於頭部碰撞量測的腦部受傷標準 (Head Injury Criterion, HIC)，實現一套由加速度感應器和微處理機組成的可穿戴式輕微腦震盪警示系統。本研究利用此警示系統進行舞蹈和刺激性遊樂設施的實測，探討生活中容易被忽視卻對腦部造成傷害之危險動作。而研究中更提出多重衝擊模擬器的實現方法，此模擬器改善CHIMERA僅單次撞擊工程問題，並結合特徵檢測 (Feature Clarification) 及互相關 (Cross-Correlation) 的定性分析，提供更多元且更符合真實情況的資料，以達到輕微腦震盪警示之功用。最後再根據實驗結果提出警訊，以降低在日常生活中輕微腦震盪發生率。

我媽媽體重只有38公斤，每次她在牽機車一直在抱怨車子好重，媽媽因為個子很矮，只有150公分，而且她每次又喜歡穿高跟鞋，所以每次在騎機車、牽機車，而且她又怕車子cc數太小容易被風吹倒，自己又喜歡騎150cc的機車(機車重量一般為70kg~250kg)，每次牽機車時自己還常常牽到跌倒，跌倒曾經有一次跌到骨折住院(技術真差!)，或每天在喊著關節痛、腰酸背痛，我對我媽媽的行為都感到很辛苦，機車有那麼重嗎?結果我自己牽才知道有那麼重，所以我一直在想，在媽媽的抱怨，體重38公斤、身高150公分這麼瘦弱的女孩子，又騎著150cc的機車，說真的機車的腳架對她來講受力實在太大，所以我一直在想怎麼去設計一個機車腳架，可以讓媽媽不再那麼痛苦、不再有那麼多的抱怨!甚至穿高跟鞋也很好用，所以我一直在想機車腳架怎麼去使用它，直到機械科二年級我上了機件原理裡面有解說機構，我想所有的機車駐車架都是用力矩原理，那為什麼我們不在力矩原理再加上使用肘節機構(Toggle mechanism)，因為機件原理講肘節機構是最省力，肘節機構當它形成一直線的時候力量最大，所以我利用高職所學的所有的東西來設計肘節機構設計一個省力的機車腳架，使媽媽不再痛苦、讓媽媽很輕易的就把機車立起來，這就是我的設計---- 肘節式(Toggle mechanism)駐車架。

Positive –A Study on a Nanoscale Revision Method and Sensitivity Evaluation This paper took a pyramid and a fixed point as the reference level. It was the intention of our team to establish and prove a new hardness value revising method that is to be used in the deflection of indentation of nano indentor. Such new method was named Material Surface Nanoscale Hardness Revision Method with which we re-measured various materials and error sensitivity of hardness values. We obtained the following conclusions:(1). This paper revision modification method have a highly precision. (2). When the round tip or plane tip was closed to ideal indentor tip, the contact areas during indentation process were close, not demonstrating significant difference. (3). The indentation triangle created when loading effort P was similar with the one left on the sample material when unloading the effort; thus, even though the sink-in and pile up effects due to the mechanical properties of sample material caused the differentiation of side lengths and two indentation areas, the angles of two indentation areas was the same. (4). When the effort was loaded by the tip onto the sample material, if the tip had a certain deflection ψ or rotation ω, the indentation triangle left on the sample material was still significant. (5). In the observation of the indentation triangle left on the sample material, when the triangle cannot become a regular triangle, it meant that there is a deflection or rotation happening to the tip and a further revision of the deflected angle ψ or rotated angle ω is required. (6). The hardness value revision method under indentation deflection situation had the best effect on the projected area revision; the second was on the indentation volume revision and than on the indentation contact area revision. (7). The hardness error sensitivity of hardness value revision method under indentation deflection situation had the best effect on the projected area; the second was on the contact area and than on the indentation volume revision. (8). The method proposed by this study was proved by the silica and aluminum single crystal indentation results and is thus able to be applied to the engineering in the nanoscale measurement of metal materials to obtain more precise data.不偏不倚-奈米級修準方法與敏感度評估之研究在這篇研究報告中，以一個三角錐和一個定點為基準，本團隊建立並證明一個新的在奈米硬度測試儀壓痕偏斜情況下，硬度值的修正方法，取名材料表面奈米硬度修正方法。在新的材料表面奈米硬度修正方法下，重新檢測各種材料及硬度誤差敏感度，得到許多好的結論：（1）本研究之修準方法具有高度精確性。（2）利用圓球尖端或平面尖端的方法近似理想壓頭時其壓痕過程中之接 觸面積相近，並無明顯差異。（3）作用力P 施加(Loading)時之壓痕三角形與卸載時(unloading)殘留於測試材料上之壓痕三角形係屬於相似形；因此，即使各該三角形之邊長因為該測試材料本身的機械性質所產生的滲入(sink-in)與堆放(pile-up)的效應而造成作用力施加與卸載時，壓痕面積上的差異。不過，該兩壓痕面積的角度卻是一致的。（4）當該作用力隨著該壓頭施加於測試材料時，若該壓頭產生某一程度的偏斜ψ 或旋轉ω 時，該殘留於測試材料上之壓痕三角形仍然具有代表性。（5）藉由觀察該殘留於測試材料上之壓痕三角形，當該三角形無法成為一正三角形時，其係表示壓頭已產生偏斜或旋轉的之情況，需要進一步對該偏斜角度ψ 或旋轉角度ω 進行修正。（6）在壓痕偏斜情況下硬度值的修正方法以投影面積修正為最佳，其次是壓痕體積再其次是壓痕接觸面積方法作修正。（7）在壓痕偏斜情況下硬度值修正方法的硬度誤差敏感度則以投影面積為最佳，其次是接觸面積再其次是壓痕體積修正方法。（8）本研究提出之修正方法經由矽、鋁單晶壓痕結果驗證，足以說明適用於工程學上金屬材料進行奈米壓痕硬度檢測時更精確的數據獲得。

本研究以玉米葉纖維做為聚乳酸纖維的補強材料，並以加入的玉米葉纖維長度為操縱變因，探討其對聚乳酸/玉米葉纖維複合材料機械性質的影響。實驗設計以純聚乳酸為對照組，以加入1mm, 2mm, 5mm, 13mm玉米葉纖維的聚乳酸複合材料為實驗組。本研究以拉伸強度和耐衝擊值來判斷機械性質的強度。 實驗數據顯示，實驗組的拉伸強度與對照組差距不大，但在耐衝擊值卻比對照組高出許多。除此之外，拉伸強度和耐衝擊值都顯示加入2mm玉米葉纖維在實驗組擁有最佳的數值。另外，加入越長的玉米葉纖維反而不會擁有較佳的機械性質。未來期待聚乳酸複合材料能夠應用在更廣的層面。

低頭族發生『假性近視』、『脊椎側彎』甚至『黃斑部病變』等健康問題有越來越多的趨勢，邊走邊玩發生的意外也越來越多，因此，我們針對低頭族的健康與安全開發本作品。一、 健康方面： 撰寫「背景執行程式」，此程式完全不影響使用者玩遊戲、上網…等等，使用30分鐘後，透過「加速度感測器」檢測使用者必須做的手臂運動，完成後才可繼續使用手機，藉此『休息一下眼睛與僵化的手臂』。透過「環境光感測器」調整螢幕亮度，不讓螢幕光太強而造成眼睛更容易損傷。二、 安全方面： 「加速度感測器」與「陀螺儀」辨識出使用者邊走邊使用手機，就跳出提醒視窗暫時中斷使用者使用手機，使用者或許就會停下腳步或是抬起頭來恢復對環境的觀察能力以避免意外發生，按下「確定鈕」後，就可繼續使用。

Modern capacitive touch input and proximity sensing technologies are rigid and limited to flat substrates making it impossible to apply them onto objects with irregular geometries like textiles or car handles. Furthermore, the high cost restricts the applications to small surfaces and cannot be scaled up to be applied on large surfaces such as walls. Therefore, a paint-on scheme would broaden the applications of capacitive touch input and proximity sensing devices. Paintable capacitive sensors are an emerging technology hindered by the high cost and lackluster properties of conductive paints. Existing conductive paints utilize expensive filler materials such as silver and gold to achieve high conductivity but suffer from low surface area. High surface area is critical for capacitive proximity sensors to detect objects from far distances and for overall sensitivity. Carbonaceous alternatives using micronized graphite exhibit low conductivity, require high loadings and most disintegrate when in contact with water. Multilayer graphene nanoplatelets are investigated for their high conductivity, high surface area, low cost, flexibility and eco friendliness. A waterproof acrylic latex is combined with multilayer graphene and dispersed via bath sonication. The optimal time of sonication and optimal graphene loading is determined through systematic testing. An Arduino Uno is loaded with a CapSense library and the graphene based paint is utilized as the interface to sense both touch and proximity.

本研究以淡水常見之微藻進行培養，首先篩選出頂棘藻Chodatella sp.為研究對象，第二階段設計不同曝氣量及不同LED燈之佈光面積進行藻類培養比較，再以部分因素法探討微藻培養之最佳化條件；第三階段設計LED光生物反應器培養微藻，探討其可行性及微藻降解畜牧廢水營養鹽之能力。實驗結果顯示，曝氣的培養方式以及增加佈光面積有助於微藻生長，而部分因素法實驗設計結果，影響生質潛勢最重要因子為置換天數。另外，LED光生物反應器培養的微藻其生質物產率高達230.73 mg / L.d，水中的營養鹽去除率皆高達約90 %以上，藻粉油脂含量為28.77 %，脂肪酸組成顯示碳數具有C16-C18之物質，與生質柴油的組成物質相符，非常具有轉化成生質柴油的潛勢。

We were very curious about whether the aircraft will suffer lightning damages during flight, so we tried to search the answer on the internet. According to the searching results, we realized that during flight departure, passenger planes can suffer lightning damage. As a result, there will be lightning strike points, which needs immediate solutions for safety concerns. Besides, we found out that the exterior aircraft components, such as aircraft body, wings, tail, turbine engine and other areas, are vulnerable to corrosion, which also needs immediate solutions. Luckily, we came across a chance to chat with the engineer who works in the airport. Through that meeting, we knew that the maintenance of the aircraft is very important. However, the maintenance of the components depends on professional technicians, weather, the surrounding noise level, and other environmental effects. As a result, we think that it is initial for us to develop a device that can automatically complete the missions of aircraft maintenance. Below are two objectives that we need to complete: 1. Complete a non-destructive testing for aircraft damage, including corrosion and lightning strike points. Assessment areas include: Aircraft body, airplane wings, tail of the aircraft and the turbine engine 2. Engage in scanning results to analyze and predict for flight readiness. The collected results will proceed to the aviation company for inspection and maintenance. Based on these two objectives, we designed an automatic platform for aircraft maintenance. Below are four innovations of this platform: 1. we developed a method to replace the current stage based on the manual operation of the aircraft maintenance, the use of AGV (Automated guided vehicle) and the robotic arm combination. 2. Design a modular platform based on this method, including telescopic four-wheel independent rotating chassis and locking mechanism, scissors lifting mechanism, double sided synchronous belt forward detection telescopic mechanism, etc. The platform can shrink at the minimum height of A320, convenient access to the machine abdomen. 3. The positioning algorithm of the platform relative to the aircraft is proposed.