臉部皮膚會長出小小骨頭哦！皮膚多發性粟粒型骨瘤的發現，Ｘ光顯像，致?
臉部皮膚會長出小小骨頭喔！皮膚多發性粟粒型骨瘤的發現，X光顯像，治病機轉與雷射在治療上的應用。本篇研究是探討一種特殊又不易偵測的骨瘤，皮膚多發性粟粒型骨瘤(MMOC)，利用各種X光顯像技術，應用在痤瘡病患，偵測其分佈、發生率和疾病之可能相關；並利用組織病理發現去推測致病機轉；且利用各種雷射光，在體內與體外進行治療性的探索，並獲致重要的結論如下：(1)MMOC非常常見，每個人都有可能發生，但臨床不易被偵測，跟性別無關，但與年齡增長成正相關；(2)病灶分佈包括額頭、眼皮、鼻子、臉頰及頸部，與痤瘡的病灶分佈十分類似，但與痤瘡的疾病活性與疤痕的嚴重度並無相關。(3)利用乳房攝影的斜切照影技術，是最簡易有效的偵測方式。(4)病理組織中有些皮膚腫瘤伴有MMOC存在，並非此腫瘤有其特異性。(5)MMOC是一個因為皮膚毛囊皮脂腺在不明顯的發炎下所造成的轉化型骨形成反應。(6)紅寶石雷射及銣-雅鉻雷射對色素性骨瘤是一有效的去除技術。鉺-亞鉻雷射及二氧化碳雷射磨皮技術，對嚴重痤瘡疤痕並有MMOC患者，亦為一良好治療方式。Multiple Miliary Osteoma Cutis(MMOC) is a kind of special condition and difficult to detect clinically. By using different kinds of X-ray techniques and compared the clinical data from the patients with acne of face, by observing the changes of skin tissue specimens for searching the possible mechanism of osteogenesis and by using scanning electron microscopic observation and energy dispersive Xray analysis for evaluating the biophysical effects on osteoma after Ruby, ND-YAG, Erbium:YAG or CO2 Laser irradiation, we concluded that: MMOC, a very common condition, may develop in everyone. MMOC can be easily demonstrated by the modified mammographic technique. The density of calcification in MMOC is not related to the sex of patients, the activity of acne, and the severity of atrophic scar but correlated with the age of the patients. MMOC, a non-specific condition, results from metaplastic ossification occurring within preexisting subclinical inflammatory processes of the pilosebaceous unit and may be found incidentally in different kinds of facial tumor. Ruby or ND-YAG laser may have some explosive effect on pigmented MMOC. CO2 or Erbium:YAG laser dermabrasion can be used to treat MMOC with acne scar.
Dioscorin 對塵?造成氣管上皮細胞傷害的保護性之研究
古籍上記載山藥益肺氣，養肺陰，且最近研究報告發現山藥含有珍貴的dioscorin，其為山藥貯存養分的重要蛋白質，有抑制胰蛋白水解?之活性。而塵?糞便、屍體中的消化蛋白?會破壞呼吸道上皮細胞緊密連接處引起過敏氣喘反應。我對此甚感興趣，進而利用山藥的萃取蛋白dioscorin、塵?粗萃取蛋白及呼吸道上皮癌細胞A549，藉細胞培養、免疫螢光染色、螢光顯微攝影來實驗山藥是否真能保護上皮細胞緊密連接處。再利用膠體電泳、西方墨點法中抗體的高專一性、二抗的高靈敏度來確知我之前的實驗。另外也用ELISA 來實驗dioscorin或塵?引起A549 發炎的情況是如何。由實驗得知，dioscorin 可抑制及預防塵?引起的過敏氣喘反應；而經由ELISA 實驗發現，dioscorin 對於塵?刺激A549分泌發炎物質Eotaxin 並沒有助長或是降低的效果。It was believed that Chinese yam have benefits in treating asthma. Recently, it was found that the valuable dioscorin can be isolated from Chinese yam. The major function of dioscorin is nutrition-storage, however, it also have activities in inhibiting trypsin-like protease. This inhibitory activities trigger my interests. Because the major allergens, mites, and their stool may destroy the tight junctions of airway epithelium cells through their trypsin-protease activities. I therefore carry out an in vitro study to identify whether dioscorin can be used in protecting epithelium from the attack of mites. My results showed that dioscorin can protect the tight junctions of A549 cells from the attack of mite crude extract protein. I believed that dioscorin can be a good candidate in pharmacology application. The genetic and proteomic information are my further focus. On the other hand, we also investigated the possible activity of dioscorin in inhibiting mites-induced inflammation through using A549 as a model and employing ELISA. We found dioscorin neither inhibited nor enhanced the eotaxin being secreted from A549 under the stimulation of mites.
微陣列基因分析法探討心肌細胞在機械性展延下的基因表現
高血壓所誘發的機械性展延是造成心肌肥大的基本因子，本實驗即藉由微陣列基因分析法同時大量的分析機械性展延所造成心肌細胞的基因表現。將新生鼠的心肌細胞施以 20﹪的機械性展延，抽取其 mRNA製作成 cDNA 探針與現成的 cDNA 晶片進行雜漬反應 （此晶片上包含了 480個如訊息傳遞、控制細胞生長週期、細胞骨架等的已知基因），在眾多有因為機械性展延而造成基因表現差異的基因中，我們選擇了 eNOS 基因（內皮細胞 NO合成?）進行西方墨點法及 NOS活性和 NO 產生量測定的實驗，進一步證實 eNOS 的基因表現量的確是增加的，此一結果與微陣列基因分析所得之結果不謀而合。 Mechanical stretch induced by high blood pressure is an initial factor laeding to cardiac\r hypertrophy. The use of cDNA microarrays has made it possible to simultaneously analyze\r stretch-induced gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured on\r malleable silicone dishes and were stretched by 20%. We compared the transcript profiles of\r cardiomyocytes under mechanical stretch for 60 minutes by hybridization of cell-derived cDNA to\r DNA probes immobilized on microarrays. The microarrays contained probes for 480 known genes\r including signal transduction, cell cycle regulators, cytoskeleton and cell motility, and so on. Eighteen\r genes were indentified that showed significantly differential expression in response to mechanical\r stretch in cardiomyocytes. Of the represented genes expressed, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)\r genes was the most interesting one. Northern blot and western blot analysis further quantified the\r expression of eNOS gene. Mechanical stretch also increased constitutive NOS activity and NO\r production. Our results indicate that mechanical stretch induces eNOS gene expression thus increases\r constitutive NOS activity and NO production in cardiomyocytes.
The Interplay of Iron and α-synuclein in mediating Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease
Neuroinflammation is implicated as a contributive factor to neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Increased iron accumulation and deposition of -synuclein within Lewy Bodies in PD brains have been observed. It has been hypothesized that unbound iron is able to react with H2O2 to generate free radicals. Using the Divalent Metal Transporter-1 (DMT1) as a vehicle to transport iron into the brain, a DMT1 transgenic mouse model (DTg) was generated to recapitulate iron deposition in PD. The DTg was crossbred with the SNCA (synuclein) transgenic mouse to produce a DMT1_SNCA (BTg) mouse model to study the link between iron, -synuclein and neuroinflammation in PD. Our hypothesis predicts that iron exacerbates -synuclein toxicity by inducing larger inflammatory responses and consequently compromising functions of biomolecules. Our study shows that –synuclein triggers a low-grade inflammatory response by microglia and astrocytes while iron exacerbates -synuclein toxicity by eliciting immunological responses mediated by glia cells in the brain observed both in the DTg and BTg mice. Elevated levels of nitrated proteins were observed in the DTg, suggesting the role of iron in inducing nitrosative stress via upregulation of iNOS in glia cells. With the BTg mice, we hope to understand the effect of iron accumulation as an environmental stressor in aggravating -synuclein toxicity which may lead to the selective demise of dopaminergic neurons.
探討茶液成分受光及貯存時間之影響
Tea is the most widely accepted and consumed beverage worldwide due to its characteristic aroma and taste. Recent studies have provided the strong scientific basis for understanding the health promoting effects and cancer preventive actions of tea. The components of tea especial the catechins are varied with the conditions of making tea. To understand and determine the chemical composition of tea is very important. Some investigations of the parameters on the storage and making of tea were carried on in this study. The kinds of tea studied were including black tea, oolong tea, green tea, and instant tea bags. A high performance liquid chromatograph combined with UV detector and mass spectrometer used to analyze the components of tea. The results showed that the composition of tea solution is dependant of the exposure of light. One of the components of tea, (-)-epicatechin methylgallate (ECMG) was oxidized to quino form. The concentrations of (-)-catechin gallate (ECG) decreased and one of new compound (M.W. 442) produced with increasing the storage time. From the results show tea made with cold water is better than that made with hot water. The ingredients in green tea were changed faster than those in fermentative black tea and oolong tea. The components of tea can be kept unchanged for a long time at low temperature. In refrigerator, the time can be extended to overnight. 茶由於其具有特殊的芳香氣味及口味，廣泛地被世人用為飲料，近年來的研究證據顯示茶具有促進身體健康和防癌功效，但茶中成分之變化，尤其兒茶素隨茶的種類、茶沖泡保存方式及置放時間而有所不同，因此對於茶中成分及沖泡方式的認知是一門重要的課題。 本實驗主要是探討茶沖泡時間及貯存條件，對於茶液所含兒茶素變化的影響，探討的茶包含紅茶、烏龍茶、綠茶及其茶包。並使用質譜儀及高效能液相層析質譜儀配備紫外光偵測器分析茶液中之成分，實驗結果顯示成分變化速率以未發酵的綠茶較發酵的紅茶和烏龍茶快；低溫儲存時，亦可延緩茶液成分的變化，例如加蓋並存放於冰箱，則茶置放至隔夜其成分均未改變；同時結果顯示成分產生變化者，主要為兒茶素氧化，如將多酚類氫氧基經氧化變成?（quino） ，其次為斷裂再產生聚合其中綠茶以不照光變化較大。本研究並經實驗發現如果以冷開水沖泡綠茶20~30分鐘，咖啡因的溶出量雖略多於沖泡2分鐘的熱茶，但各種兒茶素的溶出量卻遠高之，尤其置放至隔夜茶液成分仍無氧化現象。
對抗無尺度流行病傳染之新方法
流行病的傳染過程如同一個無尺度網路，但較一般無尺度網路有著更多的變數而明顯差異，因此無法直接應用一般的無尺度網路模式來描述其傳染途徑。我建立一個新模式「無尺度流行病模式」，經由比較模擬結果與疾病管制局的數據，證實此「無尺度流行病模式」是正確與確切可用，且適用於短期暴發性傳染病與長期流行病。SARS案例研究結果，顯示影響SARS疾病傳染因子的大小是：ψ>m>γ。其中降低ψ值可使SARS確定病例至5月31日止降為143人(減少確定病例190人，相當於減少死亡21人)；僅提高防疫使5=γ，亦可使確定病例減至307人(減少確定病例26人，相當於減少死亡3人)。因此強化隔離措施以減少傳染天數最為重要，且可以有效控制每日SARS新增病例，避免發生高侵襲率的現象。HIV/AIDS案例研究結果，獲知採用ψ值來進行月份模擬，則至 2005年12月HIV(+)與AIDS分別為可減少2,715與285人。而進行年度模擬結果，則至 2014年底HIV(+)與AIDS分別為可減少41,936與5,328人。無尺度流行病模式可以協助所需警戒的程度與政策決定的計畫結果。因此無尺度流行病模式在幫助政府評估社會經濟成本與健康憂慮上的有用之工具。當面臨一個全然無知的新病毒的侵襲時，如何減少死亡與傷害人數？是本研究之最終目的。因此，本研究結合了流行病、無尺度網路與灰預測，建立面對病毒侵襲，一個確切可行的對抗無尺度流行病傳染新方法，並詳細說明運作流程。\r \r \r The course of epidemic infections resembles a scale-free network. However, they are different due to more variables in the epidemic infection. Therefore, the model of scale-free networks is not enough to satisfy the reality epidemic infections. In this study, I propose a new the Scale-Free Epidemic Model. Comparison of the simulation results with Taiwan CDC report data for SARS and HIV/AIDS cases show that the Scale-Free Epidemic Model is accurate and useful. This model can be used in the short-term outbreak of infectious diseases and for the longer-term epidemics. In the SARS case study, the results show that the sequence of effect of the epidemic factors was: ψ>m>γ. The SARS confirmed cases would decrease to 143 cases (reduced 190 confirmed cases or 3 death cases) calculated to May 31, 2003, if the average infection time was reduced to two days (an optimum value of ψ). Therefore, vigorous action in isolation quarantine and treatment for SARS cases is most effective policy; the number of new cases and the attack rate would also decrease. In the HIV/AIDS case study, the simulation results of the Scale-Free Model indicates that the reduced numbers of HIV(+) and AIDS in the monthly simulation calculated to December 2005 are 2,310 and 361 and the annual simulation by December 2014 are 27,161 and 3,710. The Scale-Free Epidemic model can help determine the level of caution needed and the projected results of policy decisions. Therefore it is a useful tool in assisting the government to balance socio-economic and health concerns. The fight against a new epidemic and how to reduce the number of deaths is the main purpose of this study. So, a new method to fight against epidemics is proposed. Detailed procedures of this method are explained.