全國中小學科展

行為與社會科學

心理韌性的個別差異與心流、生理、認知方面之間關聯

由於心理韌性相關研究中,較缺乏以認知能力正常的普通人做為研究對象,因此本研究希望透過了解心理韌性與生理(血液)、認知(神經心理測驗)、心理(心流、憂鬱程度)在普通人之間的關聯,進而增加對韌性的瞭解。透過心理韌性量表BRS、CDRISC及RSA、心流量表FSS、貝克憂鬱量表BDI、神經心理測驗WMS、WAIS與血液檢驗報告,收集各項數據,並利用t檢定及Pearson correlation,找出具顯著關係者:心理韌性與心流成正相關、與飯前血糖濃度成正相關、與憂鬱程度呈負相關,以及與神經心理測驗呈負相關。然而韌性與血糖、認知間的顯著去除年齡因素後便會消失。

The conspiracy mentality: its relationship with absurdity and ostracism

Conspiracy theories are generally perceived as irrational, absurd and as having a negative effect on our reputation. Yet some people do not see them as such. This may lead us to wonder why and how an individual would come to believe or support such statements. In this work, the primary goal is to obtain the level of absurdity of various conspiracy theories so that they can be used in experiments designed to test Williams' “Strategic Absurdity Hypothesis”. In addition, this study attempts to demonstrate the link between conspiracy mentality and feelings of ostracism. In this research, I analyzed a group of 47 participants recruited via social networks in May 2023. The survey collected their demographic information, their conspiracy mentality, their feeling of ostracism, their knowledge of conspiracy theories and their perception of absurdity toward them. The results were analyzed using correlations and linear regressions. The results show a negative correlation between conspiracy mentality and the perception of absurdity for most theories. In other words, the higher a participant's conspiracy mentality, the less absurd the theory is perceived to be. Therefore, hypothesis (I) is partially supported. On the other hand, hypothesis (II), which says that ostracism predicts conspiracy mentality, is not supported by the results. These results are in line with Williams' “Strategic Absurdity Hypothesis” and Sterelny's signaling theory, explaining that an individual, by expressing agreement with a conspiracy theory typically perceived as absurd, damages their reputation in the eyes of others to show that they belong to the group. However, for the theories relating to COVID-19 and climate change, the conspiracy mentality does not predict the vision of absurdity, suggesting that their currentness and media coverage influence whether they are used as signals. The literature does not fully agree with our results and still presents very divergent opinions regarding the links between feelings of ostracism and conspiracy mentality. Indeed, it remains difficult to determine whether conspiracy mentality influences ostracism or vice versa. In conclusion, this study provides new ideas for future research on the origins and impact of the conspiracy theories.

The Effects of Background Color on Color Preference 探討不同背景顏色對色彩偏好的影響

色彩偏好影響生活的許多決策,對於背景對色彩偏好的影響,現行兩個色覺理論(對比理論與生態價理論)有不同的解釋,本研究以高中生為對象,旨在探討背景對色彩偏好影響與支持理論,並提出運用方向。 之前色彩定量方式缺乏對敏感度與視錐細胞的考量,本研究發展以中性灰為基礎對不同色彩的定量方法,並以此進行色彩偏好測試。實驗結果發現:顏色偏好會受到背景影響(支持對比理論),背景對各色彩具不同影響力,偏黃偏綠顏色受背景影響較大;綠色與藍色背景提升偏黃與偏綠之顏色偏好而紅色背景則會下降(支持生態價理論),背景亮度不影響顏色偏好。期望研究結果有助於青少年環境與產品設計配色參考,並對未來背景影響顏色的神經機制研究提供基礎。

DIVE&CLEAN - Intervention Possible

The DIVE&CLEAN project is an educational and innovative initiative aimed at addressing a significant environmental challenge: marine pollution. With oceans covering over 70% of the Earth’s surface and providing a home to 50–80% of life on the planet, their health is critical. However, marine ecosystems are under threat due to plastic pollution, which impacts wildlife, coastal communities, and global biodiversity. This project centers around the idea of introducing underwater trash bins, especially in areas frequented by recreational divers. While most divers explore the seas without specific tools to collect trash, they could contribute significantly with the right infrastructure. The vision of DIVE&CLEAN is to inspire behavioral change, encourage collaboration, and promote actionable solutions to reduce ocean pollution. Using interactive robotics and storytelling, the project tells the story of divers rescuing animals entangled in plastic and collecting trash from the ocean floor using underwater bins. Through creative performances, it seeks to educate and motivate individuals, resorts, and authorities to adopt sustainable practices.

DIVE&CLEAN - Intervention Possible

The DIVE&CLEAN project is an educational and innovative initiative aimed at addressing a significant environmental challenge: marine pollution. With oceans covering over 70% of the Earth’s surface and providing a home to 50–80% of life on the planet, their health is critical. However, marine ecosystems are under threat due to plastic pollution, which impacts wildlife, coastal communities, and global biodiversity. This project centers around the idea of introducing underwater trash bins, especially in areas frequented by recreational divers. While most divers explore the seas without specific tools to collect trash, they could contribute significantly with the right infrastructure. The vision of DIVE&CLEAN is to inspire behavioral change, encourage collaboration, and promote actionable solutions to reduce ocean pollution. Using interactive robotics and storytelling, the project tells the story of divers rescuing animals entangled in plastic and collecting trash from the ocean floor using underwater bins. Through creative performances, it seeks to educate and motivate individuals, resorts, and authorities to adopt sustainable practices.

From Human Intelligence to Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: Modern Day Writing

The purpose of the project was to find out whether humans can tell the difference between human-generated text and artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots-generated text and to identify how Al-generated text differs from human-generated text. The dependent variable was the results given by the participants (whether the paragraphs were Al-generated texts or human-generated text). The Independent variable was the participants in the experiment and the controlled variable was the type of paragraphs (both the Al-generated texts and human-generated texts) and time used to test each participant. The hypothesis for this experiment was that the participants were not going to be able to differentiate between AI-generated text and human-generated text. In this descriptive and mixed-method study, participants were presented with questionnaires. Each participant needed to state whether they thought each paragraph was human-generated or AI-generated. At the end of the questionnaire, the participants were asked to briefly explain what assisted them in differentiating between the two. They were given 60 seconds to decide. A stopwatch was used to time them. A sample of 456 participants took part in this project. They were not told how many AI-generated passages and human-generated passages there were in the selection. They only knew the total number of passages. Over 99% of the participants could not correctly differentiate between AI-generated text and human-generated text in all passages. Only four participants were able to get 100% of the questions correct. All four learners attend schools located in urban areas. After I did my analysis, I discovered that my hypothesis was incorrect. Four of the participants were able to get 100% of the questions correct this indicates that not all the participants were not able to tell the difference between Al-generated text and human-generated text. This rejects my hypothesis. However, the chances of humans differentiating between the two are very low. All four learners attend schools located in urban areas; this indicates that it is easier for learners attending urban area schools to recognise AI-generated texts than learners attending schools located in rural areas.

探討地震相關因子對於斑馬魚社交行為之影響

台灣地震次數頻繁,除了地震帶來的自然災害以外,地震也會造成生物的心理焦慮及恐懼。斑馬魚是一種群居動物,可以表現群聚、侵略、恐懼、焦慮或是警戒等行為,因此斑馬魚的行為表現是分析社交行為的理想實驗模型。本研究目的為探討斑馬魚的社交行為是否會受地震之影響,藉由模擬地震的發生來觀察斑馬魚社交行為的變化。在斑馬魚潛水實驗(Novel tank diving test)發現在模擬地震強度 4.5 級的晃動後斑馬魚待在上層水域的時間下降;鏡像啄食實驗(Mirror fighting test)中則發現處理組的魚經由模擬地震強度 4.5 級的晃動後攻擊次數和打鬥週期皆顯著上升;而在社交偏好實驗(Social Preference test)中發現經過模擬地震 4.5 級晃動後的斑馬魚將會更傾向於靠近其他熟悉的個體。斑馬魚在地震來臨時會感到不安和焦慮造成其警戒心上升進而提升其攻擊慾望,也會更傾向靠近熟悉的同類維持安全感。

SVMR: Smart Versatile Medication Robot

In 2565 B.E., 泰國's elderly, comprising 18.3% of the population at 12,116,199, faced health challenges, with diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, arthritis, and lung cancer prevalent. Caregiving hurdles arose as many family members worked outside, impacting the care of elderly individuals with these conditions. To address this, the "SVMR Medication Reminder and Care Robot for the Elderly" was developed. Known as the Smart Versatile Medication Robot (SVMR) or "New Robot," it serves as a user-friendly solution for home-based elderly care. Recognizing the adverse effects of missed medication on health, the SVMR system, combining hardware (New Robot) and software (Application), aimed to alleviate caregiving burdens. The New Robot's hardware includes a customizable medication reminder system, a video call system, closed-circuit camera system, doctor's recommendation display system, and an SOS system for emergency assistance. The Application complements this with features like medication schedule setting, video call communication, activity tracking, daily schedule management, and live camera monitoring. During the SVMR prototype trial, one unit was tested, with developers' relatives trying the medication dispensing system. Positive results emerged, showcasing improved medication adherence among the elderly and affording caregivers more time for other responsibilities. Satisfaction levels, as assessed through interviews, were notably high. Elderly feedback suggested the need for additional compartments for different medications and enhanced notification methods, particularly when they were not in proximity to the medication cabinet. In essence, the SVMR system provides a comprehensive solution to the challenges faced by households with elderly members, ensuring better disease management, increased medication adherence, and support for caregivers, all within a concise and user-friendly framework.

背景音樂與閱讀理解的神經處理機制

腦部若處於焦慮狀態,便會在認知上產⽣更多分⼼情形。同時,聽音樂能良好的緩解焦慮狀態並降低負面的認知影響。然⽽根據「認知能⼒假說」,在閱讀時若⼀邊聽音樂,閱讀表現便會因認知資源增加⽽受到擾亂。因此,本實驗利用主觀評量以及客觀的腦波測量,探討音樂對閱讀的影響為何?藉由改變背景音樂的情緒正負向度及在測試語句中目標詞的可預測性,探討閱讀理解之表現是否存在差異。其中,以N400 的可預測性效果作為閱讀理解的客觀指標。實驗發現,在無音樂情境下可觀察出典型的 N400 可預測性效果。然⽽,正負情緒之音樂皆會對於閱讀作業產⽣延遲的可預測性效果,其中帶有歌詞的流⾏樂會起到更⼤的⼲擾。本研究初步證實認知能⼒假說,未來將繼續收更多受試者,分析受試者焦慮狀態之影響。並分析 EEG 之腦波資料 alpha 波變化,作為放鬆程度的客觀數據。

探討一種新穎腺苷調控藥物對於思覺失調症及焦慮症的治療潛力-以藥物及壓力引發之疾病小鼠為模式 Investigating the therapeutic potential of a novel adenosine modulator(NAM) on the treatment of schizophrenia and anxiety disorders using mice as a model

思覺失調症與焦慮症皆是嚴重損害病人健康且造成社會極大負擔的精神疾病,急需研發有效治療藥物。本研究以藥物及壓力引發之小鼠異常行為為模式,探討新研發的新穎腺苷調控藥物(Novel Adenosine Modulator)對於這些疾病的治療潛力。實驗一以藥物 MK-801 引發成年雄性小鼠類思覺失調症症狀,給予新穎腺苷調控藥物可緩解曠野測驗中 MK-801 引發的過度活動量,且不會造成小鼠產生失樂症狀或體重改變。但對於 MK-801 引發的感覺動作門閾過濾反應缺損則無顯著療效。實驗二以不可預測長期輕微壓力(unpredictable chronic mild stress)引發成年雄性小鼠類焦慮症與類憂鬱之行為異常,新穎腺苷調控藥物可以改善小鼠的失樂症狀。這些結果顯示這個新藥具有潛力值得後續繼續研究。