動脈粥狀硬化疾病的風險因子及血管擾流會造成血管內皮細胞內的粒線體失去功能，導致內皮細胞功能失調，進而引起動脈粥狀硬化疾病的後續病程，如斑塊形成。本研究主要探討粒線體轉移療法，是否能改善受到擾流影響的血管內皮細胞功能失調。首先，我們分別觀察並比較擾流與順流下的人類動脈血管內皮細胞，兩者細胞形態與內皮相關功能基因表現量的差異。其次，我們從順流處理的細胞中分離取得健康的粒線體，轉移入擾流處理的細胞中。接著以生物能量代謝分析儀，檢測轉移粒線體後內皮細胞呼吸鏈與代謝的功能是否隨粒線體的轉移而有所改善。實驗結果確認，粒線體轉移處理可改善擾流組細胞的呼吸鏈功能，細胞的有氧呼吸與產能代謝皆有改善。本先驅性研究希望有助於開創以粒線體轉移技術作為心血管疾病治療的創新療法。

將一個n個點的圈，中間新增一個點u，使得點u與圈上所有的點皆相連，這種特殊的圖類稱為Wheel，若n為奇數，則稱為奇數Wheel；若n為偶數，則稱為偶數Wheel。一個圖若賦予每條邊特定的方向性，稱為此圖的一個定向。對於Wheel這類的圖形設計一個特殊的定向，我們欲分析定向中特殊的有向子圖數量，過程中運用了許多的代數手法，從中發現奇數Wheel與費氏數列的關連性以及組合性質；同時也將研究問題延伸至Chebyshev第二類多項式，運用高等數學中的Girard-Waring Formula來論證我們對偶數Wheel的研究結果。然而圖的定向是研究列表著色的工具之一，我們也將這個特殊定向的組合性質運用在列表著色問題上。對於一般的圖形，若在原圖上新增一條路徑，我們也探討了新圖形為可列表著色的充分條件。

我們研究自黑液污染土壤篩選出的Nocardiopsis（擬諾卡氏菌）菌落環狀紋路的成因，發現環狀紋路形成具有遺傳性且可能是基因變異產生。在低營養濃度（Tryptone濃度小於1g/L）條件下，菌落紋路明顯，推測是由於基層菌絲無法取得足夠養分供給氣生菌絲，氣生菌絲無法生長，直到基層菌絲往外拓展至有足夠的營養物質的區域，氣生菌絲才再次開始生長，因而產生一環一環的不連續生長帶。 此外我們發現多個Nocardiopsis菌落之間，會因抑制物質作用產生間隙，此間隙大小受營養物質濃度、菌落間初始距離、周圍菌落數目的影響，且其機制與形成環狀紋路的機制並不相同，可能與菌落間偵測感應等複雜機制有關。我們萃取此抑菌物質送液相層析串聯質譜儀（LC-MS/MS） 鑑定其成分，發現抑制物質可能是Streptogrisin C或其他非蛋白質物質。深入研究Streptogrisin C的濃度與抑制Nocardiopsis生長的關係，以及其他抑制物質的可能性是我們未來的研究方向。

The quantum mechanical description of the four fundamental forces of nature is very important for the decryption of the rules which underlie our world. While Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) describes the electromagnetic force in great detail, it also uses complex mathematical techniques and advanced physical concepts. In the following, I will analyze to what extent a quantum mechanical two-state model can be used to describe the Coulomb interaction between two charged particles. To do so, I will exclusively focus on the electrostatic interaction, leaving dynamics aside. Furthermore, the analysis is nonrelativistic and does not consider the spin of the particles. Finally, using discrete state theory allows to explore the strength of the basic concepts of early quantum mechanics. In this sense, I will try to develop a simpli ed model for the quantum mechanical description of the electrostatic force. However, the analysis is not simplistic, since the traditional formalism of quantum mechanics will be used, including Dirac's Bra-ket notation, probability amplitudes, the Hamiltonian matrix as well as the Schrödinger equation. To understand the framework of my project, it may be helpful to take a look at the source of inspiration for my analysis: In Chapter 10 of the third volume of the well-known textbook series The Feynman Lectures on Physics[4], the force holding the hydrogen molecular ion together is explained in terms of a two-state system. The electron of the molecular ion can be either at the rst proton or at the second one. The exchange of the electron between both protons leads to an attractive force between them. It is known from QED that the electrostatic interaction between two charged particles is due to the exchange of a virtual photon which acts as force carrier. The idea of my work is to explore whether the electrostatic force can be described by a very similar model, replacing the electron acting as force carrier in the molecular ion by a virtual photon for the description of the electrostatic force between two charged particles. To describe a system consisting of charged particles, I will make the assumption that a charged particle can appear in two states. Either it is in state e where it can emit a photon or it is in state a which enables it to absorb a photon. Upon emission or absorption of a photon the charged particle transitions to the respective other state. This makes the approach analyzed in my work an element of discrete state theory, since two di erent states of the particle are used to store information about it. Of course such a model cannot be compared to the sophisticated theory of Quantum Electrodynamics. The point is, however, that it is interesting to explore the power of the most fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics and to show that such an analysis can lead to inspiring results.

橄欖油含有葉綠素a，葉綠素b，和胡蘿蔔素等高熱吸收率的物質；高斯光束照射橄欖油時，橄欖油吸收的熱量，使橄欖油產生溫度梯度和折射率梯度，並產生熱透鏡(Thermal lens)和自調相(Self-phase modulation)現象。 以雷射光照射盛橄欖油水平置放的方型盒時，中央軸的照度最大，橄欖油的溫度最高，折射率和密度最小。由於對流作用的影響，使得光束照射到的橄欖油的上半部折射率梯度小於下半部；光束通過橄欖油後，在屏幕上出現的繞射圖樣呈現上半部的亮帶半徑小於下半部。 將橄欖油改置圓柱筒中，雷射光由上向下照射，可以消除熱對流現象。用不同功率的雷射，照射不同液柱高度，和不同熱吸收率的橄欖油；探討功率、液柱高度、和熱吸收率對:繞射亮帶最大半徑、繞射亮帶半徑隨時間的變化、和亮帶數目的影響。

近年來碳排放的淨零是全人類所想達成的共同目標，因此本研究透過油浴將鐵、鈷或鎳離子與配位基配位，並形成以2-甲基咪唑為配體的前驅物沸石咪唑骨架，以及以雙氰胺和葡萄糖反應為配體的前驅物類石墨相氮化碳，再鍛燒形成可導電的催化劑。研究者分別以上述兩系列的金屬單分散催化劑，使用氣液分隔的氣體擴散電極進行電解人工光合作用，將CO2高選擇性地還原為CO，並探討各催化劑產CO效率。本研究發現鎳金屬類石墨相氮化碳對CO2還原反應的選擇性極高，能使產CO效率達到99%。而CO作為合成氣已有成熟的工業製程，能生成許多具經濟價值的產物，工業需求量非常大。未來若實際執行，則有助碳中和目標的達成。

習得性無助是個體經多次追求獎賞或逃離困境失敗後產生的一種消極行為表現。習得性無助的行為研究雖多，但對其神經機制的研究卻甚少。 本研究發現273,cha-Gal80>CsC-mCh是適合光遺傳學訓練的果蠅殖系。在白光點獎賞記憶訓練中，使273,cha-Gal80>CsC-mCh果蠅學會白光點視覺訊號代表著獎賞，並發現其白光獎賞記憶能持續7分鐘以上但未達10分鐘。藉已建立白光視覺訊號與獎賞連結的273,cha-Gal80>CsC-mCh，發現重複追求獎賞失敗的實驗組，相較於持續接受獎賞與完成獎賞記憶訓練而無任何操作的對照組，明顯表現習得性無助，本研究亦發現習得性無助個體也表現了活動力、覓食表現及攝食動機的下降。 本研究成功建立高成效的果蠅成蟲光遺傳學習得性無助訓練，並針對果蠅成蟲的習得性無助行為表現進行完整的研究，未來期望本於此訓練方式進行特定腦區、神經群和神經傳遞物之探究，建構果蠅習得性無助的神經網路機制。

Z字型路徑是一個由圓上一些點同時以特定角度連結成一組弦線段所構成之路徑。本研究主要在於探討Z字型路徑之兩類弦線段長度的冪次方等量關係，和它將該圓分割成兩個區域面積的等量關係。本研究結果如下，在長度關係方面，當圓上的點為奇數個時，則弦線段長度的平方和具有等量關係。而當圓上的點為偶數個時，弦線段長度的一次方和具有等量關係。在面積關係上，當圓上的點為奇數個時，則此路徑將圓分割成兩個區域面積也具有等量關係。此外，本研究之進階研究結果發現，長度的高次方和具有等量關係之條件與圓上點個數相關。

槍蝦閉合大螯所發出聲響為海洋珊瑚礁生態系中最主要的聲源，其聲音受多項環境因子影響，具有分析珊瑚礁生態系健康程度的可行性。本研究利用基隆潮境海域蒐集到的高時間密度採樣資料，嘗試分析槍蝦聲響在不同時間尺度下的變化與水溫、光度之關聯性，比較不同觀測期間與深度之資料，了解槍蝦聲響之特性。 研究結果顯示槍蝦聲響在長時間尺度下與水溫呈現高度正相關，且相同觀測期間、不同深度的兩筆資料變化趨勢相似；但相同深度、不同觀測期間的紀錄不僅變化趨勢與季節差異相關，整體數值也不同。槍蝦聲響每日亦具有規律的晝夜週期性變化，在清晨、黃昏出現高峰，白天期間與光度呈現負相關，夜晚期間與水溫高度正相關。最後，聲響峰值出現時間與日出日落時間最為相關，不同季節下之晝夜長短差異更造成顯著影響，不過仍會受水中實際接受到的光度影響。

Visual impairment ranks among the top three disabilities globally, with affected individuals projected to increase from 39 million in 2015 to 115 million by 2050. Despite this growing prevalence, over 95% of visually impaired individuals face difficulties in learning Braille (AFB, 2022). In Thailand, the issue is compounded by limited resources, with only 48 schools for the blind serving 6.5% of visually impaired children, alongside a shortage of trained teachers and prohibitively expensive Braille displays. To address these challenges, the EIBraille Box was developed as a cost-effective and accessible tool enabling visually impaired individuals to practice Braille independently. The device utilizes electromagnetic field generation based on Lenz's Law and electromagnetic induction, employing copper coils and varying currents to drive a Braille dot display mechanism controlled by a microcontroller. Results show the device achieves an average display rate of 30–120 milliseconds per cell and a Braille dot-changing frequency of 3–20 cycles per second. The production cost is reduced from 11,660 USD to 87 USD—over 130 times more affordable—while maintaining performance comparable to traditional mechanisms. Additionally, the device integrates with a web application aligned with the Ministry of Education's curriculum to enhance learning. The EIBraille Box is planned for deployment across 48 schools affiliated with the Northern School for the Blind. Plans include extending access to individuals unable to attend schools via alternative distribution channels. This project stores high capacity to achieve global reach by partnering with the World Blind Union, extending its services to rural areas and ensuring access for underprivileged communities. This effort seeks to promote literacy among the blind on a worldwide scale. This innovation strives to enhance equity for the visually impaired by enabling blind individuals to participate in inclusive educational environments alongside their peers. It aims to eradicate the challenges of illiteracy and ensure equitable access to quality education.