立體尺規作圖-PES 作球
In this study, we mainly explore the geometric construction in 3D. By conducting some problems about constructing circles, we define the PLC construction in 2D as constructing a circle, either passing through a given point (P), tangent to a given line (L) or tangent to a given circle (C). Besides, we aim to discuss the properties of the PLC construction and the relations between each other. We discover if we find a plane satisfying certain conditions in space, the properties in the PLC construction can apply to such a plane. Furthermore, we extend the properties in PLC to the PES construction in 3D, defined as constructing a sphere, either passing through a given point (P), tangent to a given plane (E) or tangent to a given sphere (S). Also we discuss the relations among them.這個研究主要在探討3D 的尺規實作。藉由歸納某些有關作圓的題目，我們定義2D 中的PLC作圖─作圓，過已知點（P）、切已知線（L）、切已知圓（C）。並探討PLC 作圖的性質及彼此的關聯性。而我們發現：在空間中只要找到滿足特定條件的平面，則2D 幾何作圖性質在該平面仍能沿用。此外，運用PLC 作圖性質，我們進一步推廣到空間中的PES 作圖─作球，過已知點（P）、切已知面（E）、切已知球（S），並探討各個類型間的關聯性。
人類粒腺體蘋果酸.活性中心輔.NAD(P) + 結合位置之探討
人類粒線體蘋果酸.可利用NAD+或NADP+為輔.，幫助腫瘤細胞獲得能量，但一般生理條件較傾向以NAD+為輔.。本研究將K346 修改成偏好NADP+之粒線體蘋果酸.家族中具有高度保留性的絲胺酸、及不具極性之丙胺酸，探討為何此酵素較偏好以NAD+為輔.。天然及突變株酵素的催化常數 (kcat)、基質Km 值、及抑制常數 (Ki) 測定結果顯示K346 之點突變不會影響基質Km 值，但K346S 之kcat明顯上升，繼而改變此酵素對NADP+之選擇性。本研究對於人類粒線體蘋果酸.催化機制的了解，有助設計具專一性的活性抑制劑，未來可應用於抑制腫瘤細胞能量來源，進而抑制腫瘤細胞生長。;Human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme can help tumor cells gain energy, using either NAD+ or NADP+ as the cofactor, but prefers NAD+ as the coenzyme. By mutating the K346 to Ser, conserved in NADP+-dependent ME and to Ala with non-polar, we explore why human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme prefers NAD+ as the coenzyme. We measured the proteins kcat, Km and the Ki values. The experiments showed that mutantions don’t affect the Km values, but K346S increased in the kcatvalue, transferring the coenzyme specificity to NADP+. If we develop deeper understanding of the human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme, we can design a specific drag to inactivate the enzyme activity, and inhibit tumor cell growth.
本土藥材金銀花的研究與分析
本實驗以薄膜色層層析（TLC）、高效能液相層析（HPLC）分析等化學方法，進行金銀花品種差異的鑑識；此外，配合生藥學的顯微鏡檢視，如中藥材組織鏡檢、藥材粉末鏡檢等比對，以期找出辨別金銀花品種的方法。研究至目前為止，由金銀花之薄膜色層分析的Rf值（0.225、0.425、0.7、0.85、0.95）可確認出金銀花藥材，並得知金銀花藥材中皆含有綠原酸的成分；以高效能液相層析的圖譜與成分峰的積分面積可用來判別金銀花的品種，並從質譜分析瞭解成分含量；進行生藥學的藥材粉末組織鏡檢，發現無法作為金銀花藥材的分類憑藉。未來將持續延伸實驗，朝向中藥奈米化與一般粉末在藥效、成分上差異的比較，並進行金銀花萃取液的抗菌作用試驗，瞭解不同品種之金銀花藥材在藥理作用的異同，接續著奈米化藥材的應用與實踐。Using thin layer chromatograph (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we can study how to differentiate the species variation of honeysuckle; beside, based on the observation of biopharmaceutical microscope, such as comparing the histology of Chinese herbs and its powder, we suggest that we could differentiate the species of honeysuckle. From the present, firstly, we could distinguish the honeysuckle from other herbs by the Rf value of TLC(0.225, 0.425, 0.7, 0.85, 0.95), from which we find that all honeysuckles contain the component of Chlorogenic acid. Secondly, we could tell the species of honeysuckle according to the map of HPLC and the peak area after integration, as well as the integrants of honeysuckle by way of LC-Mass analysis. Thirdly, while studying the histological analysis based on the observation of biopharmaceutical microscope, we found that it shows no difference between all the honeysuckles; thus, it fails to be a scientific method used to distinguish the herb honeysuckle. However, in the biochemical experiments of honeysuckles, we found honeysuckles from different sources and the place of origin shows difference in their antibiotic effect, showing the importance of local medicine. When it comes to my future work, in order to extend my experiments on honeysuckles, I would compare the nano-scale honeysuckle powder with normal-sized one in their clinical effects and components.
感官經驗對朱文錦之行為調控
In this research, we investigated the interactions between goldfish’ (Carassius auratus) sensory experiences (electric shock, high osmotic pressure and colors). We separated the sensory experiences into two parts. One of them, we used different kinds of environmental color-models to analyze goldfish’s environmental preference behavior and different kinds of stress experience(electric shock and high osmotic pressure) to build the animal model of environmental preference behavior. We found that goldfish prefer brown-colored environment (compared with white) and different stress has different effects on fish’s environmental preference behavior. It proves that fish has the ability to learn and memorize the stress experience and shows that there are complicated interactions among environmental stimulus, memories of stress and behaviors caused by different kinds of stress. Also, we investigated the interactions between spatial memory and color distinction. We measured the duration of goldfish getting through the color-marked barriers driven by regular electric shock. We found that goldfish spend less time to get through color-marked barriers than those unmarked. It shows that there are some interactions between spatial memory and color distinction. In conclusion, the research proves that different sensory experiences can affect goldfish’s behaviors.本實驗利用感官經驗(電擊、高滲透壓、色彩)，探討與朱文錦(Carassius auratus)行為調控的交互作用。我們將感官經驗分成兩模式：利用環境色彩特徵的差異，探討不同逆境刺激經驗(施予電擊或高滲透壓環境)，與魚類環境偏好行為的交互作用，建立朱文錦環境偏好行為之動物模式。我們發現朱文錦偏好土色環境(相對於白色環境)，而不同性質的逆境經驗，對魚類的環境偏好行為具有不同的影響，顯示魚類具有記憶逆境環境的學習能力，且證明「環境刺激—經驗(記憶)—行為表現」三者之間具複雜的交互作用。另外，我們亦探討空間記憶與色彩辨識的交互作用，利用規律的電擊刺激使朱文錦通過有色彩標示的關卡，以研究色彩差異與空間變化對朱文錦通過關卡能力的影響。我們發現色彩的標示可降低通過關卡的時間，且不同的色彩具不同程度的效果，顯示空間記憶與色彩辨識具交互作用。本實驗證明了不同的感官經驗或刺激，對朱文錦的行為調控具質與量的差異。
調和變換之研討與應用
在此研究中，我們用類似反演變換的方法，以一個定圓創立並證明了一種新的幾何變換，稱為 「調和變換」 · 我們得到點、直線、圓與圓錐曲線經過變換的關係 ·。1 .直線可以映射成原直線或一圓錐曲線 · 2.圓可以映射成一種特殊曲線。 3 .圓錐曲線可以映射成兩條圓錐曲線或一條圓錐曲線和一直線。此外我們還發現調和變換和反演變換的特殊關係 · 最後，由於調和變換可以簡化圓錐曲線的關係，我們將調和變換應用在行星輾些的證明上，並得到了良好的結果。In this research, we use a method similar to the inversion to establish a new geometric transformation, called harmonic transformation, by a fixed circle O, we prove some of its properties. We have gotten the relationship among points. lines, circs, conies and their images: 1 .The image of a line is a conic or a line itself. 2.Thc image of a circle is a special category of curve. 3.The image of a conic with its focus at the center of O is two conies or a line and a conic. Further mote, we also find the special connection between harmonic transformation and inversion. Finally, since the harmonic transformation can simplify the conic, we apply the harmonic transformation to identify the orbit of a planet, and obtain a nice conclusion.
雞胰臟去氧核醣核酸水解？多型性之探討
去氧核糖核酸水解?，(deoxyribonuclease,簡稱DNase)為一種核酸內切?。目前研究得最透徹的去氧核糖核酸水解?為牛胰臟的DNase I，有四種以上的同功?存在。而牛和雞的DNA序列有極高的相似度，由之前的研究中在等電點焦集電泳法顯示雞胰臟DNase I 具A、B 兩種同功?，本實驗則希望能進一步了解兩種同功?的差異原因。在抽取RNA 後，以RT-PCR 方法合成cDNA，將其以限制?切割，再以大腸桿菌作為載體進行轉殖及繁殖培養，最後將其DNA 定序後進行分析比較。目前已完成第一次定序，但因引子接合過程中有部分位置錯亂造成殖體無法進行表現。另外在此次所得之序列中有發現一個胺基酸的轉變，而其是否為多型性之表現則有待進一步的實驗證實。The most advanced research on deoxyribonuclease in current states is on the bovine pancreatic DNase I, more than four of which isoforms have been found. It is shown that the DNA sequences of chicken and bovine have relatively high similarity. In addition, according to the result of isoelectric focusing from previous researches, chicken pancreatic DNaseI has two isoforms (A and B.) In this research, the author expects to establish more knowledge on the differences on the isoforms and the causes. After receiving the RNA, the RT-PCR is preformed to incorporate the cDNA, which is later cleaved by restriction enzyme and inserted into the plasmid DNA of the E. coli host cell to be cloned. So far a polynucleotide sequence has been deduced from clones of the cDNA, but it cannot be expressed successfully in E.coli due to few random mistaken splicing. There is an alternation of one amino acid, and whether it is the actual state of isoform or not still requires further proof.
探討太陽黑子與珊瑚生長速率之關連性
微孔珊瑚是優良的生物氣候記錄器，可準確記錄海水表面水溫、陸源沉積物通量和其他微量海水組成等，已成為熱帶氣候變遷研究的重要工具。然而，珊瑚成長速率則顯著受限於海水表溫影響（邱景星，1999）。太陽是地表能量最主要來源，其活動狀態能深遠掌控地球氣候變化，因此其週期性變動規律，已成為近期地球科學家探討環境變遷的重要資訊。 本研究以台灣東南外海綠島採集的微孔珊瑚骨骼樣本，藉由X-ray精確測量其年平均生長速率及觀察骨骼內微量腐殖酸螢光特性，並透過比對太陽輻射量、珊瑚生長與太陽黑子數目的相關性分析，以推倒百年來控制地表氣候變遷的主要因素。 本研究經由頻譜分析、主變量計算、平均標準差和太陽輻射角修正，獲得正確太陽黑子數目、地區性輻射、海水表面溫度和珊瑚生長速率等資料，並討論其間的相互關係。 結果顯示，太陽輻射、海水表面溫度和氣溫有高度正相關（r2>0.62），證實太陽對地球氣候系統的重要性。太陽黑子與輻射資料，則因大氣折射、日照時數等因素影響，正設法解決這些干擾效應；而珊瑚生長速率與海水表面溫度的相關性，則涉及雙極化效應（註）及其他未知因素影響，尚待進一步釐清。 （註）：雙極化效應指珊瑚在過高或過低的環境下，生長速率皆會停止 The skeleton of Porites corals is one of the most useful biogenic recorders, which provide relevant information of abrupt climate change, such as sea surface temperatures (SSTs), riverine sedimentary flux, and seawater compositional variations. Information retrieved from coral skeleton, therefore, has become a powerful tool for studying tropical climate change. The annual growth rate of Porites corals, however, was affected strongly by local SSTs (Chiu, 1999). On the other hand, the climatic condition on Earth surface is regulated significantly by solar activity. Subsequently any intensity or periodicity variation in sunspot activity will cause major global environmental changes. This research aims to study coral skeleton collected from the Orchid Island (Lan-yu) offshore southeastern Taiwan for precise measurement of annual growth rate using X-ray density bands, as well as the luminous characteristics of trace humic acids in skeleton. A systematic comparison among solar irradiation, SSTs and coral growth rate will provide critical information on major factors that may affect environmental changes occurred during the last millennium. In this study, we apply spectrum analyses, principal component, mean standard error method, and modified sun irradiation angle to correct biases presented in the available data of observed sunspot number, local irradiation, SSTs and coral annual growth rate and to examine possible relationships among these factors. We have found excellent correlation coefficient (r2>0.62) in solar irradiation, SSTs and air-temperature, which support the importance of solar irradiation to the earth surface climate. However, effects on cloud and length of sun irradiation need further investigation to emphasize the importance of sunspot activity to the annual growth rate of Porites corals. No straight forward relationships were observed between coral growth rate and local SSTs due to complicated biological effect (1*) or other unknown factors, waits for further investigation in the near future. 1* Complicated biological effect means that coral may stop growing their skeletons when the temperature it lives in is over range for growth.