千金難買「蚤」知道
我們的研究重心是設計簡便的裝置來檢測生活周邊的用水 · 利用生物對於環境污染的生理特徵、活動力、忍受極限 … 等變化，作觀察、實驗之後，將紀錄結果分析、做成表格，進而形成明確、簡易的指標，以供給一般人更容易的了解用水的品質。本實驗不必使用昂貴的儀器來檢測河水與用水，成本低廉的水生生物為本實驗的最佳選擇 · 可於任何地點完成，作為大及化的檢測方法，本實驗參考水樣急性檢測方法一水蚤靜水式，以水蚤在不同眾屬離子、酸鹼值溶液中的實驗結果，用以做為分析水質的標準，佐證我們生活圈附近的水質現況。Our point of study is design the simple and convenient device to measure the water with peripheral life. Utilize the living beings to the physiological characteristic , energy of the environmental pollution, stand limit. Wait for and change, after making observation , experiment. noting down the result will be analysed , make into the form , and then form the clear , simple and easy index , in order to supply common people with the quality of easier understanding water. This experiment needn’t use the expensive instrument to measure river and water . the best choice of the experiment that the cost is based on living beings cheap aquatically. Can finish in any place , as the popular detection method. This experiment consults the acute detection method of water sample — Water flea’s quiet ability of swimming. with the experimental result in different metal and ion sour soda value solution of water flea, use the standard taking making as water quality of analysis, prove the present situation of water quality of adjacent place of our life range.
口蹄疫病毒鞘蛋白rVP1 誘發Prohibitin 之遷移
細胞凋亡具有控制生物體細胞數目之功能，能讓特定的細胞走向死亡，因此若能掌握其作用機制，便可能藉由調控細胞凋亡的發生，進而應用於癌症治療。前人研究（2.）指出，經基因重組技術純化之口蹄疫病毒鞘蛋白rVP1，會導致BHK-21的Akt 蛋白質去活化，引起細胞凋亡的現象。然而在其後續的研究中，卻發現到在BHK-21中大量表現磷酸化的Akt 蛋白質，並無法反轉由rVP1 所誘發之細胞凋亡。因此本實驗利用二維蛋白質電泳，尋找Akt pathway 以外之細胞凋亡相關蛋白質。目前已證明Prohibitin 此一蛋白質，在由rVP1 所引起之細胞凋亡中，有自細胞核移動至細胞質的現象。此外，亦經由實驗排除Prohibitin 位於Akt pathway 的可能性。Western Blot 之結果更顯示，經rVP1 處理後，Prohibitin 在很短的時間內便出現遷移的現象，故推測其具有調控細胞凋亡上游反應的功能。Apoptosis can lead some specific cells to programmed death, thus, it is a major way for creatures to control their cells amounts. If we can command the mechanism of apoptosis, we may use it as a therapy for cancer by artificial regulation of apoptosis. VP1 is one of the capsid proteins of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). A research (2.) has indicated that the recombinant VP1 (rVP1) can result in dephosphorylation of Akt in BHK-21, and then lead the cells to apoptosis. However, in their follow-up experiments, they discovered that even if they expressed great amount of phospho-Akt in BHK-21, it still couldn’t reverse the apoptosis induced by rVP1. Therefore, this experiment takes the advantage of two-dimension protein electrophoresis (2D) in order to find apoptotic proteins excluded from the Akt pathway. I have found that Prohibitin exports from nucleus to cytosol after rVP1 treatment. Furthermore, I eliminate the possibility that Prohibitin’s may be located in Akt pathway. The results of Western Blot also shows that protein amount of Prohibitin in BHK-21 increase after rVP1 treatment, hence the purpose of nuclear export of Prohibitin might not be to degrade it. It might have some much more important function in the process of exportation. Besides, Prohibitin exports to cytosol in quite a short time after rVP1 treatment. According to this phenomenon, I suppose that Prohibitin has a role as a regulator of apoptotic up-stream reactions.
昆蟲模擬-雙振翅翼
本研究的目的在於探討蜻蜓兩對翅膀在不同的相位差之下對升力有什麼影響。在觀察蜻蜓及察閱相關網站、研究後發現蜻蜓前後翅的相為差有相差0.5 週期、相差0.25 週期、同週期三種不同振翅方式。在界定欲實驗的種類和評估現有的能力及資源後，決定研究加上相差為0.125 週期的四種振翅方式，於無風條件、相同的振翅頻率下進行實驗，測量其升力的變化週期。測量結果參照前人的文獻後發現，0.5週期產生的升力雖最小，但最平穩，所以為蜻蜓最常用的飛行方式。而0.25 週期升力會疊加，往下的力被抵銷，故為向上加速時使用。 ;The purpose of this study is to investigate the phase-shift between the front-pair and rear-pair wings on the maximum lift of a dragonfly. As observing the flight of a dragonfly and the literature survey from web sides, it has been observed that the general phase-shift modes of the dragonfly are in-phase-shift, 1/2 period and 1/4 period. It has been decided to include a 1/8 period phase-shift mode into the known three modes under the no wind condition with a fixed flapping frequency, the cyclic lift force of the dragonfly wing model has been measured. When it is flapping, we put the model on an electronic scale for measuring the weight of the model. After that we minus the original weight of the model, knowing the increasing or decreasing weight and the extra weight is the lift force. The results show that 1/2 period phase-shift mode produces the least lift force; however, it is the most stable flight, and is being adopted by the dragonfly for level flight. The in-phase-shift mode can produce more lift force on the flapping processes. The 1/4 period phase-shift mode produce the most acceleration, being adopted by the dragonfly for the climb flight.
整合型水族養殖系統研究與開發
本研究主要的目的是在開發二氧化碳製造、過濾與循環的整合型水族養殖系統。二氧化碳的產製是以基於發酵原理，並搭配具有純化二氧化碳作用的水濾裝置，發酵環境溫度以水族箱內的水來維持，循環過程中並搭配外部過濾器，所有容器均由保特瓶改裝完成，整合成一套價廉、環保且具有高效率的水族養殖系統。由實驗結果可得知，二砂糖發酵對於二氧化碳產生率而言，其最佳發酵環境溫度範圍25℃~35℃，一般水族箱的水溫即可保持在此一溫度範圍。過濾系統則使用光電比色計與一般市售過濾器相比較，亦有令人滿意的效果。本實驗除了研究以二砂糖發酵之外，還希望更進一步地朝向廚餘減量方面開發其他發酵材料，希望能為環保盡一份心力。;The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated system of aquatic breeding with the functions of producing carbon dioxide, filtering and circulating, where carbon dioxide is produced based on fermentative theorem and purified by the water filtering; the environmental temperature of fermentation is maintained by the water in the aquarium and circulating is through an external filter. All the containers are made of PET bottles and thus integrated a cheap, environmentally friendly and high efficient system of aquatic breeding. According to the experimental result, for the producing rate of carbon dioxide, the best fermentative temperature of NO.2 granulated sugar is 25℃~35℃. With a photocell colorimeter to compare the function of the self-made filter with that of the filters on the market, one can find it’s comparable. In addition to the fermentation of NO.2 granulated sugar, the study is also expected to develop other fermentative materials to reduce kitchen waste for environmental protection.
光子晶體合成、特性與應用
We report an investigation on the synthesis, characterization, and application of photonic crystal. In the study of the synthesis of SiO? nanoparticles for the building blocks of photonic crystal, it is found that by changing the concentration of NH3 solution, we are able to control the size of SiO? nanoparticles. After trying several different methods, we discover that the vertical substrate method is the best way to arrange nanoparticles into a periodic structure. From scanning electron microscope, we confirm that SiO? nanoparticles can form a three dimensional hexagonal photonic crystal. From transmission experiment, we find that the wavelength of the minimum transmission is proportional to the size of nanoparticles. This result implies that using photonic crystals we can control the behavior of electromagnetic wave. Finally, we fabricate CdS nanoparticles on the top of photonic crystals with different diameter of SiO? nanoparticles. Using photoluminescence measurements, we show that by controlling the lattice constant of a photonic crystal the luminescent efficiency of CdS nanoparticles can be substantially enhanced. Out results, therefore demonstrate that photonic crystals are very important for the application of light emitting devices. 本研究主要是著重於探討光子晶體合成、特性分析及其應用。在有關合成光子晶體之奈米二氧化矽顆粒方面， 發現在合成過程中利用氨水的溶量可以控制顆粒的大小。在將奈米顆粒排列成光子晶體的研究中， 嘗試了多種方法後， 發現垂直基座法為最快速有效的方法。從掃瞄電子顯微鏡的觀測， 證實奈米顆粒是以六角對稱排列成整齊的光子晶體。在光子晶體的特性分析中， 利用光穿透實驗， 發現電磁波穿透率最小的波長與奈米顆粒成正比關係， 這顯示出可以利用光子晶體來控制光的行為。最後，本研究將光子晶體與硫化鎘奈米顆粒結合，經由光激螢光譜， 證明光子晶體確實可以增進物體之發光效率,這對發光元件的應用， 將有很大的幫助， 可以節省大量的能源
微陣列基因分析法探討心肌細胞在機械性展延下的基因表現
高血壓所誘發的機械性展延是造成心肌肥大的基本因子，本實驗即藉由微陣列基因分析法同時大量的分析機械性展延所造成心肌細胞的基因表現。將新生鼠的心肌細胞施以 20﹪的機械性展延，抽取其 mRNA製作成 cDNA 探針與現成的 cDNA 晶片進行雜漬反應 （此晶片上包含了 480個如訊息傳遞、控制細胞生長週期、細胞骨架等的已知基因），在眾多有因為機械性展延而造成基因表現差異的基因中，我們選擇了 eNOS 基因（內皮細胞 NO合成?）進行西方墨點法及 NOS活性和 NO 產生量測定的實驗，進一步證實 eNOS 的基因表現量的確是增加的，此一結果與微陣列基因分析所得之結果不謀而合。 Mechanical stretch induced by high blood pressure is an initial factor laeding to cardiac\r hypertrophy. The use of cDNA microarrays has made it possible to simultaneously analyze\r stretch-induced gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured on\r malleable silicone dishes and were stretched by 20%. We compared the transcript profiles of\r cardiomyocytes under mechanical stretch for 60 minutes by hybridization of cell-derived cDNA to\r DNA probes immobilized on microarrays. The microarrays contained probes for 480 known genes\r including signal transduction, cell cycle regulators, cytoskeleton and cell motility, and so on. Eighteen\r genes were indentified that showed significantly differential expression in response to mechanical\r stretch in cardiomyocytes. Of the represented genes expressed, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)\r genes was the most interesting one. Northern blot and western blot analysis further quantified the\r expression of eNOS gene. Mechanical stretch also increased constitutive NOS activity and NO\r production. Our results indicate that mechanical stretch induces eNOS gene expression thus increases\r constitutive NOS activity and NO production in cardiomyocytes.
湖光山色下的哀愁--由漂浮的琵琶鼠魚探討外來入侵種與放生行為
本研究自2005 年12 月開始，以臺北市內湖區大湖自公園死亡的漂浮琵琶鼠魚(Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish )為主要研究對象，探討外來物種與放生行為對大湖生態系的影響。 研究期間共觀察到死亡的琵琶鼠魚隻數計有1085 隻，可記錄到個體形質資料的隻數為910 隻，背鰭棘數則有11 棘、12 棘、13 棘與14 棘四種，分析四種不同棘數的琵琶鼠魚後發現：在體長、頭寬及吻到背鰭長度均無差異(p>0.05)，因此判斷所記錄的個體應是棘甲鯰科(Loricariidae) Pterygoplichthys 屬中的同一種魚種。由檢視魚體並分析記錄數量與環境因子相關性後推測：琵琶鼠魚死亡主因是劇烈起伏的溫度差異，其次是人為因素的刻意傷害。 所記錄到大湖池塘水棲動物有：環節動物、軟體動物、節肢動物、魚類、兩棲動物及爬行動物等六大類共34 種，其中外來物種有16 種，本地入侵物種有3 種，而這些外來動物進入大湖的主要管道應是由個人的棄養或放生行為所造成。琵琶鼠魚因繁殖能力強、具攻擊性、吞食其他魚種卵塊、可適應高污染水體及垂釣客對魚種的篩選等因素，而成為最具生存競爭能力的優勢魚種。不但造成大湖池塘呈現嚴重魚種單一化，更可由靜止水域大量擴散至流動水域。未來如何將政府相關部門、學術研究單位與民間社團等力量結合，共同防範大湖琵琶鼠魚的持續蔓延、宣導民眾正確的放生觀念、積極改善大湖水體污染狀況，並訂定完整之外來物種移除計畫，以期恢復大湖池塘物種歧異度，都將是刻不容緩的重要生態課題。;This research began in December of 2005. Focusing on dead floating Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish in Dahu Park, Nei-hu Distrct, Taipei city. We discuss the impacts of Alien and of behaviors of the release of captured animals on Dahu Park’s ecosystem. During observation period, there were totally 1085 dead Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish, of which 910 bodies were found. The number of the thorn bushes on dorsal fins includes 11, 12, 13,and 14. After analyzing four kinds of different thorn bushes, we find that no differences exist in Total length, Head width, Predorsal length (p>0.05). We hence conclude that the recorded object should be species with identical with Loricariidae Pterygoplichthys. With the inspection of the fish’s body and the analysis of the relevance of the recorded quantity and the environmental factor, we infer that the main reason of the Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish’s death is violent temperature differences and the second is attributed to human’s intentional abuse. The aquatic animals of Dahu Park amount to 34 kinds and six classes such as Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Pisces, Amphobian, and Reptilia. Among them, 16 kinds that are Alien and 3 kinds are Native Invasive Species. Intentional abandon and release behavior channel of these Alien to Dahu Park. Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish are highly productive, aggressive, and adaptable to highly polluted water. Besides, they eat ovums from other fishes. Moreover, they are not the fisher’s preference and hence often thrown back into pond once hooked . Thus, they become the most competitive survival fish species in Dahu Park. The high competitive ability of Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish causes Dahu Park to present a serious unification of fish species. This serious unification of fish species could also be spread from static water areas of Dahu Park to flowing water areas. According to our research, certain urgent ecological issues in Dahu Park are to take precautions against the spread of Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish, to promote the correct idea of releasing captured animals, to improve Dahu Park’s water pollution, and to stipulate a complete plan about eliminating Alien. Our research suggest that government’s relevant departments, academic research units, and folk corporations should be cooperated to achieve the above four goals. Once the four goals are achieved, we believe that the fish species of Dahu Park will be full of varieties again.