未代表出國作品

特定基因的表現與不同氧自由基的產生，已知會影響細胞的生長和死亡。我\r 個人有興趣利用間質幹細胞體外培養擴充，以為筋骨組織再生的可能應用。因此\r 利用轉植(transfect)突變ras 基因(Glu61Leu)進入骨髓間質細胞株(HS-5 cells)，來\r 控制ras 基因表現的高低，進而研究這些間質細胞隨著Ras 蛋白質表現的高低，\r 對氧自由基引導細胞生長與死亡之影響。結果發現ras 基因高度表現的間質細胞\r 生長減緩；相較於原生株平均減少62.4%。進一步研究其生長減少是否與細胞凋\r 亡有關，發現ras 基因高度表現的間質細胞凋亡確實比原生株高22.6%。探究其\r 凋亡原因，發現與caspase-3 有關但和粒腺體功能無關：因為caspase-3 有活化，\r 但是以粒腺體膜電位螢光追蹤劑JC-1 測得的膜電位卻沒有改變。追蹤ras 基因高\r 度表現的間質細胞其細胞內氧自由基的產量，發現Ras 高度表現株其細胞內氧自\r 由基明顯增加。當細胞外加入超氧根轉化酵素(SOD, 500 U/ml)去清除超氧根時，\r 對Ras 高度表現細胞的凋亡沒有影響；但是外加觸化酵素(catalase, 500u/ml)於培\r 養液中，卻可以抑制ras 基因高度表現的間質細胞內caspase-3 活化和細胞凋亡；\r 並且增加細胞生長循環促進分子Cyclin D1 的表現。從這些研究我們歸結出兩點\r 重要新發現: 1) ras 基因突變造成Ras 高度表現時，會促成細胞內特定氧自由基產\r 生，使得細胞生長減緩並進行細胞凋亡，只有特定抗氧化酵素(catalase)才能恢復\r 其異常； 2) Ras 蛋白高度表現而引導氧自由基產生的細胞凋亡與caspase-3 活化\r 有關，但與粒腺體功能無關。根據這些發現，未來我們或許可以朝調節特定氧化\r 還原反應或使用caspase-3 抑制劑去調控間質幹細胞的生長，以供筋骨組織再生\r 的應用。Certain gene’s expression as well as different species of oxygen radicals can\r affect cell growth and apoptosis. We are interested in amplifying mesenchymal\r progenitor cells for the application of musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Thus, we\r transfected a mutant ras gene (61Glu/Leu) to change Ras protein expression in the\r mesenchymal progenitor cell line (HS-5 cells) and studied how ras expressing levels\r influenced intracellular oxygen radicals, and its relationship to cell growth and\r apoptosis. Results showed that Ras over-expressing HS-5 cells grew slower than those\r with wild type ras HS-5 cells and revealed a higher apoptosis rate. The higher\r apoptosis in Ras over-expressing cells was not related to mitochondrial dysfunction\r since mitochondrial membrane potential was normal as determined by flow\r cytometric analysis of JC-1 fluorescent staining assay. The higher apoptosis was\r related to higher caspase-3 activation. Further studies showed that Ras\r over-expressing HS-5 cells revealed a higher production of intracellular oxygen\r radicals in comparison to those with wild type ras HS-5 cells. Addition of catalase\r (500 u/ml) but not superoxide dismutase (SOD; 500 u/ml) specifically revived the cell\r growth associated with increase of cyclin D1 expression, but decrease of apoptosis\r associated with lower caspase-3 activation. Results from these studies demonstrated\r two important findings: 1) the ras gene over-expressing in a ras-mutant HS-5 cell line\r triggers a higher production of intracellular oxygen radicals resulting in higher cell\r apoptosis; and 2) the higher oxygen radicals related cell apoptosis is mediated by\r caspase-3 but not mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on these findings, we may\r propose to regulate mesenchymal progenitor cell growth for musculoskeletal tissue\r regeneration via modulation of redox reactions or caspase-3 inhibitors in the future.

古籍上記載山藥益肺氣，養肺陰，且最近研究報告發現山藥含有珍貴的dioscorin，其為山藥貯存養分的重要蛋白質，有抑制胰蛋白水解?之活性。而塵?糞便、屍體中的消化蛋白?會破壞呼吸道上皮細胞緊密連接處引起過敏氣喘反應。我對此甚感興趣，進而利用山藥的萃取蛋白dioscorin、塵?粗萃取蛋白及呼吸道上皮癌細胞A549，藉細胞培養、免疫螢光染色、螢光顯微攝影來實驗山藥是否真能保護上皮細胞緊密連接處。再利用膠體電泳、西方墨點法中抗體的高專一性、二抗的高靈敏度來確知我之前的實驗。另外也用ELISA 來實驗dioscorin或塵?引起A549 發炎的情況是如何。由實驗得知，dioscorin 可抑制及預防塵?引起的過敏氣喘反應；而經由ELISA 實驗發現，dioscorin 對於塵?刺激A549分泌發炎物質Eotaxin 並沒有助長或是降低的效果。It was believed that Chinese yam have benefits in treating asthma. Recently, it was found that the valuable dioscorin can be isolated from Chinese yam. The major function of dioscorin is nutrition-storage, however, it also have activities in inhibiting trypsin-like protease. This inhibitory activities trigger my interests. Because the major allergens, mites, and their stool may destroy the tight junctions of airway epithelium cells through their trypsin-protease activities. I therefore carry out an in vitro study to identify whether dioscorin can be used in protecting epithelium from the attack of mites. My results showed that dioscorin can protect the tight junctions of A549 cells from the attack of mite crude extract protein. I believed that dioscorin can be a good candidate in pharmacology application. The genetic and proteomic information are my further focus. On the other hand, we also investigated the possible activity of dioscorin in inhibiting mites-induced inflammation through using A549 as a model and employing ELISA. We found dioscorin neither inhibited nor enhanced the eotaxin being secreted from A549 under the stimulation of mites.

高血壓所誘發的機械性展延是造成心肌肥大的基本因子，本實驗即藉由微陣列基因分析法同時大量的分析機械性展延所造成心肌細胞的基因表現。將新生鼠的心肌細胞施以 20﹪的機械性展延，抽取其 mRNA製作成 cDNA 探針與現成的 cDNA 晶片進行雜漬反應 （此晶片上包含了 480個如訊息傳遞、控制細胞生長週期、細胞骨架等的已知基因），在眾多有因為機械性展延而造成基因表現差異的基因中，我們選擇了 eNOS 基因（內皮細胞 NO合成?）進行西方墨點法及 NOS活性和 NO 產生量測定的實驗，進一步證實 eNOS 的基因表現量的確是增加的，此一結果與微陣列基因分析所得之結果不謀而合。 Mechanical stretch induced by high blood pressure is an initial factor laeding to cardiac\r hypertrophy. The use of cDNA microarrays has made it possible to simultaneously analyze\r stretch-induced gene expression in cardiomyocytes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured on\r malleable silicone dishes and were stretched by 20%. We compared the transcript profiles of\r cardiomyocytes under mechanical stretch for 60 minutes by hybridization of cell-derived cDNA to\r DNA probes immobilized on microarrays. The microarrays contained probes for 480 known genes\r including signal transduction, cell cycle regulators, cytoskeleton and cell motility, and so on. Eighteen\r genes were indentified that showed significantly differential expression in response to mechanical\r stretch in cardiomyocytes. Of the represented genes expressed, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)\r genes was the most interesting one. Northern blot and western blot analysis further quantified the\r expression of eNOS gene. Mechanical stretch also increased constitutive NOS activity and NO\r production. Our results indicate that mechanical stretch induces eNOS gene expression thus increases\r constitutive NOS activity and NO production in cardiomyocytes.

本研究從理想城鎮(Ideal City)街道開始，討論平面上相異n 點到某一點的最短距離和。經研究後發現：當n 為偶數時，則到相異n 點的最短距離和所形成的區域可能是一個點、一個線段或是一個矩形；當n 為奇數時，則相異n 點的最短距離和所形成的區域將會退化成一個點。此外，本研究將理想城鎮的街道換成正三角形的街道幾何平面，同樣是討論平面上相異n 點到某一點的最短距離和。經研究後發現：當n 為偶數時，則相異n 點的最短距離和所形成的區域可能為一個點、一個線段、一個四邊形、一個五邊形及一個六邊形；當n 為奇數時，相異n 點的最短距離和所形成的區域則可能為點、三角形的情況。假使考量各點重要性的比重，分別加權後再求最小點。研究發現無論在理想城鎮或正三角形幾何平面上，皆可將各點視為多個權數相同之點重疊於此點上，便可利用先前的方式求得最小點區域。透過這次的研究，可以利用n 個相異點到某一點的最短距離和實際應用在貨物運送的問題或是消防設施配置等問題。The present study was intended to start with the Ideal City and proceed to discuss the sum of the shortest distance between a point and n different points on a plane. After the discussion, it was found that if n is even, the formed region could be a point, a line segment, or a rectangle. If n is odd, then the formed region must be a mere point. Further, the current study transformed the Ideal City into the geometric plane of an equilateral triangle. Similar to the previous discussion, if n is even, the formed region could be a point, a line segment, a quadrangle, a pentagon, or a hexagon. On the other hand, if n is odd, then the formed region could be a point, or a triangle. The result of this study, which investigated the sum of the shortest distance of a certain point to n different points can be applied to the real life situation, such as transporting goods or distributing fire control facilities.

在綠色能源中太陽能的利用充滿了無限的機會，其中利用太陽熱能發電的太陽能煙囪觀念有很大的潛力。在本研究中，我們以實驗的方法討論煙囪高度、入風口大小、管型等因素對solar chimney 效益的影響，發現就原先的觀念設計中，有相當大的改進空間。整體實驗而言，所改變的各項變數中，以管型之改變有最大的改進效益。就同長度直管與漸擴管而言，漸擴管在風速上有明顯改進效果，且以流速與截面積換算成效率，較原直管設計之效率高出約20 倍，因此推測漸擴管應用在現行之solar chimney 以改進效能是極有可行性的。研究中也發現煙囪管壁的熱傳導也會影響氣體的總體流動，使效率降低。相信此實驗之數據對日後嘗試對solar chimney 進行改進的研究者有相當之參考價值。Solar energy has a great market potential among many clean energies. The new solar chimney concept using solar thermal power in power generation may have a bright future. Experimental work was performed to study the energy conversion characteristics of a solar chimney. The air moving capability and the influences of chimney height, the shape of chimney and air entrance dimension were studied. It was found that there is a great room to improve the current solar chimney design and thus the efficiency. Overall speaking, the chimney pipe geometry may have the most significant impact on the improvement of performance. A diverged pipe configuration can induce nearly 20 times more flow than a traditional straight pipe. Another finding is the heat transfer effect on the chimney pipe may have the effect in reducing the flow. It is believed that the present study0 is valuable for those people in designing a future solar chimney.

掃描式穿隧顯微鏡(Scanning Tunneling Microscope)，是在奈米尺度下觀察物體表面的一大利器。但一台精密的STM，造價動輒數百萬元新台幣，本研究嘗試利用簡單、便宜的材料，製作一台簡易的掃描式穿隧顯微鏡。眾所皆知：掃描式穿隧顯微鏡的關鍵，就是量子力學中的穿隧效應原理，及壓電材料的應用，所以這些主題都是本實驗涉及的內容。除此之外，我們也運用簡單的物理原理，取代價格高昂的儀器，例如：利用彈簧代替昂貴的避震系統等。此研究利用穿隧效應的原理，並進而利用電腦得知樣品表面的結構，以達顯微鏡觀察分析物體之功用。 ;The major purpose of our project is to assemble a simple scanning tunneling microscopy with cheap and available materials for ordinary senior high school students. For example, we use springs for damping instead of electromotive force device. Weweld all the electronic circuit boards for ourselves in order to not only lower the cost but also inspect the inner structure more clearly and precisely. After the microscopy is assembled, we will use it as an appliance to observe the samples of nano-particles. We must repeat this procedure several times so as to make sure that the images we’ve gained is true, not just some disturbances produced by the environment. Finally, the microscopy can be applied to research fields as well as academic courses.

We report an investigation on the synthesis, characterization, and application of photonic crystal. In the study of the synthesis of SiO? nanoparticles for the building blocks of photonic crystal, it is found that by changing the concentration of NH3 solution, we are able to control the size of SiO? nanoparticles. After trying several different methods, we discover that the vertical substrate method is the best way to arrange nanoparticles into a periodic structure. From scanning electron microscope, we confirm that SiO? nanoparticles can form a three dimensional hexagonal photonic crystal. From transmission experiment, we find that the wavelength of the minimum transmission is proportional to the size of nanoparticles. This result implies that using photonic crystals we can control the behavior of electromagnetic wave. Finally, we fabricate CdS nanoparticles on the top of photonic crystals with different diameter of SiO? nanoparticles. Using photoluminescence measurements, we show that by controlling the lattice constant of a photonic crystal the luminescent efficiency of CdS nanoparticles can be substantially enhanced. Out results, therefore demonstrate that photonic crystals are very important for the application of light emitting devices. 本研究主要是著重於探討光子晶體合成、特性分析及其應用。在有關合成光子晶體之奈米二氧化矽顆粒方面， 發現在合成過程中利用氨水的溶量可以控制顆粒的大小。在將奈米顆粒排列成光子晶體的研究中， 嘗試了多種方法後， 發現垂直基座法為最快速有效的方法。從掃瞄電子顯微鏡的觀測， 證實奈米顆粒是以六角對稱排列成整齊的光子晶體。在光子晶體的特性分析中， 利用光穿透實驗， 發現電磁波穿透率最小的波長與奈米顆粒成正比關係， 這顯示出可以利用光子晶體來控制光的行為。最後，本研究將光子晶體與硫化鎘奈米顆粒結合，經由光激螢光譜， 證明光子晶體確實可以增進物體之發光效率,這對發光元件的應用， 將有很大的幫助， 可以節省大量的能源

本研究自2005 年12 月開始，以臺北市內湖區大湖自公園死亡的漂浮琵琶鼠魚(Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish )為主要研究對象，探討外來物種與放生行為對大湖生態系的影響。 研究期間共觀察到死亡的琵琶鼠魚隻數計有1085 隻，可記錄到個體形質資料的隻數為910 隻，背鰭棘數則有11 棘、12 棘、13 棘與14 棘四種，分析四種不同棘數的琵琶鼠魚後發現：在體長、頭寬及吻到背鰭長度均無差異(p>0.05)，因此判斷所記錄的個體應是棘甲鯰科(Loricariidae) Pterygoplichthys 屬中的同一種魚種。由檢視魚體並分析記錄數量與環境因子相關性後推測：琵琶鼠魚死亡主因是劇烈起伏的溫度差異，其次是人為因素的刻意傷害。 所記錄到大湖池塘水棲動物有：環節動物、軟體動物、節肢動物、魚類、兩棲動物及爬行動物等六大類共34 種，其中外來物種有16 種，本地入侵物種有3 種，而這些外來動物進入大湖的主要管道應是由個人的棄養或放生行為所造成。琵琶鼠魚因繁殖能力強、具攻擊性、吞食其他魚種卵塊、可適應高污染水體及垂釣客對魚種的篩選等因素，而成為最具生存競爭能力的優勢魚種。不但造成大湖池塘呈現嚴重魚種單一化，更可由靜止水域大量擴散至流動水域。未來如何將政府相關部門、學術研究單位與民間社團等力量結合，共同防範大湖琵琶鼠魚的持續蔓延、宣導民眾正確的放生觀念、積極改善大湖水體污染狀況，並訂定完整之外來物種移除計畫，以期恢復大湖池塘物種歧異度，都將是刻不容緩的重要生態課題。;This research began in December of 2005. Focusing on dead floating Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish in Dahu Park, Nei-hu Distrct, Taipei city. We discuss the impacts of Alien and of behaviors of the release of captured animals on Dahu Park’s ecosystem. During observation period, there were totally 1085 dead Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish, of which 910 bodies were found. The number of the thorn bushes on dorsal fins includes 11, 12, 13,and 14. After analyzing four kinds of different thorn bushes, we find that no differences exist in Total length, Head width, Predorsal length (p>0.05). We hence conclude that the recorded object should be species with identical with Loricariidae Pterygoplichthys. With the inspection of the fish’s body and the analysis of the relevance of the recorded quantity and the environmental factor, we infer that the main reason of the Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish’s death is violent temperature differences and the second is attributed to human’s intentional abuse. The aquatic animals of Dahu Park amount to 34 kinds and six classes such as Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Pisces, Amphobian, and Reptilia. Among them, 16 kinds that are Alien and 3 kinds are Native Invasive Species. Intentional abandon and release behavior channel of these Alien to Dahu Park. Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish are highly productive, aggressive, and adaptable to highly polluted water. Besides, they eat ovums from other fishes. Moreover, they are not the fisher’s preference and hence often thrown back into pond once hooked . Thus, they become the most competitive survival fish species in Dahu Park. The high competitive ability of Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish causes Dahu Park to present a serious unification of fish species. This serious unification of fish species could also be spread from static water areas of Dahu Park to flowing water areas. According to our research, certain urgent ecological issues in Dahu Park are to take precautions against the spread of Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish, to promote the correct idea of releasing captured animals, to improve Dahu Park’s water pollution, and to stipulate a complete plan about eliminating Alien. Our research suggest that government’s relevant departments, academic research units, and folk corporations should be cooperated to achieve the above four goals. Once the four goals are achieved, we believe that the fish species of Dahu Park will be full of varieties again.

A pair of bacterial two-component system RssB-RssA was cooperated into Serratia marcescens for toxicity phenolic compound detection. First step of this study, E coli was used to accept the plasmid and certified by fluorescent. Then transfer the system from E coli into Serratia marcescens. Finally, 7 kinds of chemical, included phenol, benzene, toluene, xylenes, 4-chlorotoluene, 2-nitrotoluene, and kerosene, were used to check the sensitivity of this gene modified Serratia marcescens line. The results showed that this gene modified Serratia marcescens line had good performances and responses to those chemicals. 本實驗是以一受到二元訊號傳遞系統調控的發光基因重組質體，送入黏質色拉雷菌中，並以製備好的菌株進行毒性化合物之測試。在實驗的第一階段，我們將重組質體送入大腸桿菌內，並以其發光的有無來判斷是否達到送入的目的，其後再以電泳法確認各基因片段是否正確。第二階段再以相同的方法將選殖好的重組發光質體送入黏質色拉雷菌。第三階段，以發光重組菌針對酚、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、4-氯甲苯、2-硝基甲苯及煤油進行發光測試。結果方面，我們發現黏質色拉雷菌發光重組菌對於這一系列的酚環類化合物的確具有相當高的敏感度。

線蟲為植物發生病蟲害感染的病源之一，而台灣的松樹，目前正面臨著松材線蟲入侵的危機。從文獻的探討中，發現線蟲有其自然界的天敵 － 線蟲捕捉菌。本實驗著重在探討線蟲捕捉菌特殊的捕捉機制。當線蟲捕捉菌附近出現線蟲時，會展生誘引線蟲的物質，並設計了一步步的實驗，去探討此誘引物質的捕蟲效能及其成分。現在，已經發現此誘引物質為一揮發性氣體。往後將會設法增加其誘引氣體的產量，並使用氣相層析儀分析之。最後希望可以將此物質應用到微生物防治上，期望能解決台灣松樹被線蟲感染的問題。 In Taiwan, all of the pine trees have one common problem - nematodes, which causes diseases in plants. And this experiment focuses on the nematodes’ natural enemy - nematophagous fungi and its “peculiarly caused mechanism.” When nematodes appear near nematophagous fungi, the latter will produce some substance to tempt the former. To investigate this alluring substance, a series of experiments are done and systematic steps are taken. The first finding is that this substance is a volatility gas. Later in this research, measures will be taken to make “rematophagous fungi” produce more of this gas. And “gas chromatograph” will be used to analyze this gas in the future. Finally, the possibility of applying this substance to the defensive measure of microbiology will be discussed.