全國中小學科展

微生物學

醃漬物中的乳酸菌對胃細胞的影響分析與探討作為食用益生菌之可能

研究發現食用醃漬食品能夠讓腸道菌相平衡、提高免疫力、降低血脂血壓等。科學家們從這些食物中分離出乳桿菌(Lactobacillus)、鏈球菌(Streptococcus)和明串球菌(Leuconostoc)等。本研究希望從醃漬食品中分離出能夠維持腸道健康的益生菌。首先,我們從台北的傳統市場收集醃漬食品,利用選擇培養基分離細菌。通過PCR確認為乳桿菌屬後,測量他們的胞外多醣產量。我們發現菌株1-1、 3-2、 3-4、 3-6-2、和 3-8能夠在含有低酸和膽鹽的環境生存,並測試他們對人類胃細胞的毒性。在MOI=10的情況下,所有菌株都能維持細胞80%的生存率。但是,菌株1-1、 3-2、 3-4、 3-6-2、和 3-8的細胞貼附能力非常弱。除此之外,我們發現菌株PV15、 1-1、 3-2、 3-4、 3-6-1、 3-6-2、和 3-8的上清液能小幅度地抑制大腸桿菌生長能力。未來,我們希望能進行腸道細胞的實驗(CACO-2),並利用動物來檢測菌株維持腸道健康的能力。

Revolutionizing Metabolic Health: The Therapeutic Potential of Next-Generation Probiotic Akkermansia Strains (Z62, IR119) for Metabolic Syndromes

The human gut microbiome is integral to digestion, overall health, and metabolic disorder imbalances. Recent advancements in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have highlighted the therapeutic promise of restoring healthy gut microbiota in populations with high incidences of diseases. Focusing on fecal DNA samples from healthy Asian individuals, this study examines the potential of novel Akkermansia strains, specifically Akkermansia muciniphila (Z62) and Akkermansia massiliensis (IR119), as next-generation probiotics for mitigating metabolic syndrome. A key aspect of the study is the investigation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced and play a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes. SCFAs such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate are essential for energy provision to colon cells and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. The methodology involves selecting two Akkermansia strains, analyzing them through 16S rRNA and WGS, evaluating their growth and survival rates under acidic and bile-salt conditions, alongside their cell adhesion capabilities. The study focuses on the production of key short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan derivatives by bacteria in regulating metabolic processes, as well as their anti-inflammatory effects on colon cells. Through in vitro assays, both strains exhibited survival in acidic/bile-rich conditions, though Z62 demonstrated superior adhesion to Caco-2 cells, suggesting a higher colonization potential. Metabolomic analysis revealed both strains produce SCFAs, including propionic and acetic acids, and indole metabolites, such as indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, which are known to influence lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In adipocyte cell models, IR119 significantly reduced lipid accumulation, while Z62 increased lipid presence. Furthermore, IR119 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-6 and TNF-α, suggesting potential for inflammation mitigation. The future potential of IR119 as a therapeutic probiotic is extraordinary in addressing complex metabolic and inflammatory diseases, which open new avenues for managing chronic inflammatory conditions like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Future clinical trials could refine IR119’s efficacy, positioning it as a leading probiotic in preventive and therapeutic contexts.

代謝物 2'O Methyluridine 對乳癌細胞株的影響及作用機制探討

在近期的臨床觀察中,我們發現腫瘤微環境有許多共存微生物,本研究透過生物資訊學發現微生物代謝物 2'O Methyluridine 可能有促進乳癌細胞生長的功效, 便設計實驗進一步解析兩者之間的作用機制。 本研究探討 2'O Methyluridine 對 MCF-7、T47-D 兩種常見乳癌細胞株的作用機制,發現 2'O Methyluridine 對 T47-D 的生長與細胞群落形成具有促進效果,而 MCF-7 的生長則是受到抑制,且 2'O Methyluridine 可能造成乳癌細胞中編碼粒線體 ATP 合酶亞基的基因之表現量降低。 本實驗的研究結果可提供乳癌治療的新方向,若微生物代謝物對於不同種類的癌症細胞株有不同的反應,我們可以針對患者的腫瘤細胞預先進行分析,並同時針對微生物與癌細胞進行治療,或許可達到更佳的療效果,減輕化療的副作用。

尋找提升淡紫青黴菌BA1S菌株降解PBAT塑膠能力之因子

塑膠汙染問題日益嚴重,生物降解是一個對環境相對友善的解決方法。淡紫青黴菌(Purpureocillium lilacinum)為一種內寄生性真菌,前人發現其 BA1S 菌株具有降解PBAT(Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate)塑膠的能力。本研究目的在篩選能夠提升 P. lilacinum BA1S 降解 PBAT 能力的添加物。將厚度 30µm 的塑膠片置於含有 BA1S 以及各類添加物的溶液中進行生降解試驗,以 7 天或 14 天為單位進行取樣,依塑膠片餘重來計算塑膠的降解百分比。實驗結果發現添加 Cu²⁺離子的處理組在鹼性環境下(pH 7.5)有最佳的降解效果,推測是該添加物可作為漆酶(laccase)的誘導物,促進 BA1S 的氧化的降解效果。添加 Rifampicin 的處理組也能顯著提升降解率,推測是因為該物質具有促進 cytochrome p450 單加氧酵素活性所致。本研究成果不僅可運用在降解 PBAT 農膜,也可以解決田間病原線蟲危害的問題。

克雷伯氏肺炎菌莢膜型K47菌株之噬菌體分離及其莢膜多醣分解酶表現

克雷伯氏肺炎菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)近年來於亞洲盛行,其除了傷害健康外,亦對於醫療經濟造成一定程度的影響。隨著時間發展,此細菌也逐漸獲得了抗藥性,使早期使用之抗生素不再有效,因此,尋找治療此疾病的替代療法成為近年來持續被關注的議題。由於其對細菌具高度專一性,噬菌體之莢膜多醣分解酶被認為極具開發抗生素替代療法之潛力。 本研究陸續於污水中分離純化出1212P2、H-P7、H-P8、0505P5、0505P6、05052P5、0505Kp3等噬菌體,並藉由一系列實驗,篩選出可能具有莢膜多醣分解酶的噬菌體。最後將候選噬菌體1212P2、0505Kp3進行全基因定序。 未來,將進行全基因序列分析,若成功比對並找到具有莢膜多醣分解酶潛力之基因,我們將對其加以表現並測試活性。並進一步進行體內試驗檢驗此噬菌體或其莢膜多醣分解酶的效力,探討其是否能作為開發藥物的工具,為對抗克雷伯氏肺炎菌盡一份努力。

Raising the Microscopic Guardians from the Ocean-Pioneering A Natural Solution for Vibrio Control in Mariculture Using Marine Bacterivorous Ciliates Euplotes sp.

水產養殖在應對傳統漁業過度捕撈和資源下降所帶來的挑戰中扮演著重要的角色。隨著水產養殖作為全球食品安全和經濟發展的關鍵組成部分不斷嶄露頭角,它面臨著與細菌感染相關的挑戰,以及對抗生素過度使用的日益關注,這既對環境又對健康構成風險。我們的研究深入探討了海洋食微生物對生態系統的重要性,特別關注了在水產養殖背景下的 Euplotes sp.。為此,研究致力於建立 Euplotes sp. 的標準化培養方法,並評估其作為水產養殖中對抗細菌感染的生物防治的潛力。進行的實驗探討了 Euplotes sp. 在水質凈化方面的有效性以及對海洋細菌生長的影響。研究結果為水產養殖和廣泛的水產品生產領域發展環保和可持續實踐提供了希望。

Revolutionizing Metabolic Health: The Therapeutic Potential of Next-Generation Probiotic Akkermansia Strains (Z62, IR119) for Metabolic Syndromes

The human gut microbiome is integral to digestion, overall health, and metabolic disorder imbalances. Recent advancements in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have highlighted the therapeutic promise of restoring healthy gut microbiota in populations with high incidences of diseases. Focusing on fecal DNA samples from healthy Asian individuals, this study examines the potential of novel Akkermansia strains, specifically Akkermansia muciniphila (Z62) and Akkermansia massiliensis (IR119), as next-generation probiotics for mitigating metabolic syndrome. A key aspect of the study is the investigation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced and play a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes. SCFAs such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate are essential for energy provision to colon cells and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. The methodology involves selecting two Akkermansia strains, analyzing them through 16S rRNA and WGS, evaluating their growth and survival rates under acidic and bile-salt conditions, alongside their cell adhesion capabilities. The study focuses on the production of key short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan derivatives by bacteria in regulating metabolic processes, as well as their anti-inflammatory effects on colon cells. Through in vitro assays, both strains exhibited survival in acidic/bile-rich conditions, though Z62 demonstrated superior adhesion to Caco-2 cells, suggesting a higher colonization potential. Metabolomic analysis revealed both strains produce SCFAs, including propionic and acetic acids, and indole metabolites, such as indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, which are known to influence lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In adipocyte cell models, IR119 significantly reduced lipid accumulation, while Z62 increased lipid presence. Furthermore, IR119 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-6 and TNF-α, suggesting potential for inflammation mitigation. The future potential of IR119 as a therapeutic probiotic is extraordinary in addressing complex metabolic and inflammatory diseases, which open new avenues for managing chronic inflammatory conditions like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Future clinical trials could refine IR119’s efficacy, positioning it as a leading probiotic in preventive and therapeutic contexts.

泛基因組分析破囊壺菌產油基因

破囊壺菌為海洋原生生物,因可產生DHA 而被廣泛使用於藻油生產。破囊壺菌可透過18srRNA 鑑種,不同菌株之產油量相差甚大。其產油途徑主要有 FAS 及 PUFAs 二條路徑, 含有 PUFAs 之菌種通常具有較高之產油率。前人依產油途徑將破囊壺菌分為三型 (I–III 型),然而各型基因組間之差異仍待研究。本研究透過生物資訊分析 8 個破囊壺菌基因組, 發現同型之破囊壺菌其產油相關基因 (PUFAs, Desaturase, Elongase 及 Citrate lyase)之存 在具有高度相關性,基因共線性分析也顯示其產油基因間具有高度同源性,然而同屬之破 囊壺菌不一定為同一型,顯示以 18s rRNA 鑑種可能不適用於破囊壺菌。此外,Citrate lyase 僅存在於第 II 及 III 型,顯示第 I 型破囊壺菌其 DHA 合成之碳源來自不同途徑。

克雷伯氏肺炎菌莢膜型K47菌株之噬菌體分離及其莢膜多醣分解酶表現

克雷伯氏肺炎菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)近年來於亞洲盛行,其除了傷害健康外,亦對於醫療經濟造成一定程度的影響。隨著時間發展,此細菌也逐漸獲得了抗藥性,使早期使用之抗生素不再有效,因此,尋找治療此疾病的替代療法成為近年來持續被關注的議題。由於其對細菌具高度專一性,噬菌體之莢膜多醣分解酶被認為極具開發抗生素替代療法之潛力。 本研究陸續於污水中分離純化出1212P2、H-P7、H-P8、0505P5、0505P6、05052P5、0505Kp3等噬菌體,並藉由一系列實驗,篩選出可能具有莢膜多醣分解酶的噬菌體。最後將候選噬菌體1212P2、0505Kp3進行全基因定序。 未來,將進行全基因序列分析,若成功比對並找到具有莢膜多醣分解酶潛力之基因,我們將對其加以表現並測試活性。並進一步進行體內試驗檢驗此噬菌體或其莢膜多醣分解酶的效力,探討其是否能作為開發藥物的工具,為對抗克雷伯氏肺炎菌盡一份努力。

碳源調控對酵母菌抵抗脫水能力及存活率影響

脫水技術在酵母菌應用方面則對保存和傳播重要的菌株十分有益。然而,脫水處理的酵母菌常常出現存活率過低的問題,若將生產規模擴大,導致的損失將不堪設想。 本研究探討脫水逆境下碳源調控對酵母菌抵抗脫水能力及存活率的影響。發現酵母菌面臨脫水生存逆境,會透過粒線體分裂與融合維持活性,此機制與DNM1密切相關。脫水前階段提供葡萄糖碳源可使酵母菌抵抗脫水逆境能力最佳,反之乙醇最差。甘油調節細胞內氧化還原平衡和滲透壓有助於細胞存活。脫水後復水階段提供葡萄糖可使酵母菌存活率最高,乙醇最差。脫水前碳源改變對存活率的影響更為顯著,而SNF1機制調控是影響酵母菌代謝養分及存活率的重要因素。 本實驗成果可提供酵母菌在食品工業、製藥、化工及生物燃料等領域的培養和保存技術,提高酵母菌的存活率和利用效率以減少浪費,具廣泛應用前景和經濟效益。