全國中小學科展

由嘉義地區的氣象資料來探討二十四節氣與聖嬰現象

科展類別

臺灣國際科展

屆次

2003年

科別

地球與太空科學

學校名稱

嘉義市立北興國民中學

指導老師

廖哲毅

作者

張菀渝

關鍵字

聖嬰現象

摘要或動機

二十四節氣是中國古代對氣象觀測的智慧結晶,由於近幾年來聖\r
嬰與反聖嬰現象的影響,在透過嘉義氣象觀測站的協助之下,利用\r
Excel 進行簡易的雨量和氣溫統計,並配合中央氣象局發布的環流型\r
態和農業災害,來探討二十四節氣在嘉義地區的適用性。\r
以陽曆來區分節氣,每年會誤差6 小時,加上四年一閏,剛好彌\r
補差距,農曆則需19 年。至於聖嬰現象對嘉義地區則呈現涼夏和暖\r
冬,但在反聖嬰現象中則變為加強四季之特性,即是熱夏與寒冬。兩\r
者都造成雨量集中夏秋兩季,形成冬春乾旱。至於二十四節氣則是以\r
夏、秋的氣溫和雨量相關的諺語較適合嘉義地區。\r
Abstract\r
The 24 Solar Terms, is the achievement of weather observation from\r
ancient China. Because of the effects from El Nina and La Nina these\r
years, we proceed simple statistics of rainfall and temperature by using\r
Excel and the assistance from Chia-yi Weather Station. We adopt the\r
Circulation Type and the damage of agriculture from Central Weather\r
Bureau, to discuss if the 24 Solar Terms for in Chia-yi area.\r
To divide the 24 Solar Terms according to the solar calendar, there’ll\r
be a six –hour gap every year. The gap could be made up every four years.\r
But with the lunar calendar, it takes nineteen years to offset. The El Nina\r
shows cool summer and warm winter in Chia-yi area, but the La Nina\r
emphasizes the characteristics of the four seasons. It shows hot summer\r
and cold winter. Both of them rain mostly in summer and fall, and cause\r
the drought in winter and spring. The saying of the 24 Solar Terms is\r
suitable for the temperature and the rainfall during summer and fall in\r
Chia-yi area.

由嘉義地區的氣象資料來探討二十四節氣與聖嬰現象

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